POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COURSE GUIDE FOR PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

JDPH 111/ (SCHEDULE)
ST
1 SEMESTER A.Y. 2023-24

Professor: Atty. Hilarion B. Buban

No. of Units:
Book: Introduction to Legal Philosophy by Crisolito Pascual

I. GRADING SYSTEM:

II. COVERAGE FOR MIDTERMS (7 WEEKS)

WEEK TOPICS CASES

JURISPRUDENCE, JURAL AND NONJURAL
LAWS

Nature of Jurisprudence
A. Proemium
B. The Problem Stated
1 C. The Different Schools of Jurisprudence

Law in General
A. Rules of Action
B. Orders of Sequence
C. Classification
D. Focal Point of Nondeviation
2 Jural Law
A. Particular Sense
B. Collective Sense
C. Abstract Sense
(1) Precepts
(2) Ideals

Nonjural Law
A. Divine Law
(1) General Sense
(2) Strict Sense
B. Natural Law
(1) Historical Background
(2) Concepts and Precepts.
(3) Place and Function in the
Legal Order
(a) Justificatory Use
(b) Oppositive Use
(c) Regulatory Use
(d) Interpretative Use
C. Moral Law
(1) Moral Order
(2) Moral Norms
(3) Moral Law and Other Disciplines
(4) Moral and Social Norms.
D. Physical Law.
(1) Nature and Attributes
(2) Discovered Norms
(3) Distinguished from Jural Law
 (4) Distinguished from Divine Law
THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Historical Perspective as a Starting Point

Historical Element in the Law

Historical View Limited in Scope

3 Nature of the Law.

A. The Oblutiacs of the People
B. The Folksoul
(1) Folklore
(2) Folksaying
(3) Folkway
(4) Folksong
(5) Folkdance.
(6) Folkart
Life of the Law

Basic Points of Historical Jurisprudence

A. State and Folksoul
B. Law Not Deliberately Made
4
Similarity of Different Legal Orders
A. Historical Reason
B. Jurisprudential Reason

Value of Historical Perspective

THE TELEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Labels

Natural Law Basis

The Greek Concept

A. Absolute Justice
B. Rational Justice
C. Particular Justice
5 D. Law as the Product of Reason Related to
Justice and Equity

The Roman Concept

A. Cicero
B. Galus

The Aquinlan Concept

A. Justice
B. Law and Sovereignty
C. Immutability of Law
6 The Kantian Concept
A. Human Consciousness and Conduct
(1) The Principle of Rightness
(2) The Categorical Imperative.
B. The Sense of Striving for Rightness
 C. Metalegal Basis of Law

The Utility Supplement

A. Stages of Utilitarian Principle
(1) The Benthamite Concept
(a) Nature Basis
(b) Measure of Utility
(c) Application in the Legal Order
(2) The Jhertnian Concept
(a) Law of Purpose
(b) Social Mechanics
B. Value of the Utility Supplement

Modern Teleological Analysis

A. Juristic Approach
B. Ethical Relativity
C. Interest of the State
THE POSITIVIST PERSPECTIVE

Seed of Legal Positivism

The Positivist Approach

A. Law Not Necessarily a Moral Concept
B. Uncluttered by Metaphysical
Speculations.

Hobbes-Austin Concept
7
Legal Positivism

The Pure Positive Law Response

A. Lausanne Brand.
B. Vienna Brand
(1) Purification of Positive Law
(2) Normative Legal Order
(3) Empirical Justice

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III. COVERAGE FOR FINALS (7 WEEKS)

WEEK TOPICS CASES

1 The Law and the State

The Supreme Political Superior

Essential Attributes of the Law

A. Conscious Formulation
B. Generality
C. Authoritative Enforcement

Conflict with Historical View

 THE FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Background of Legal Theory

Reaction to Idealist and Positivist

Perspectives
A. Criticism of Abstract Values.
B. Criticism of Legal Positivism

Recognition of the Interest of Society

Core of Functional Perspective.

Essential Factor in the Legal Ordering of

2 Society

Functional Concept of Law..

Presentation of Conflicting or Overlapping

Interests

Relative Weight of Conflicting Interests

Social Interests and National Policies

A. Extra-Legal factors
B. Types of Interests
C. Means of Securing Private Interests
D. Means of Securing Public Interests 229

3 Categories of Social Interests

A. Social Interest in the General
Security
B. Social Interest in the Maintenance and
Protection of Social Institutions
(1) Domestic Institution
(2) Religious Institution.
(3) Political Institution
(4) Economic Institution
C. Social Interest in the General Morals
D. Social Interest in the Conservation of
Human Resources
E. Social Interest in the Conservation of
Natural Resources
F. Social Interest in the General Health
G. Social Interest in Human Personality
and Dignity
H. Social Interest in the Social Life
I. Social Interest in the General Progress
(1) Cultural Progress
(2) Moral Progress
(3) Economic Progress
(4) Political Progress
J. Social Interest in the General Aesthetics

Adjustment of Conflicting Interests

 Value of Functional Jurisprudence
THE LEGAL REALIST PERSPECTIVE

Legal Realism as a Distinct Juristic School

Judicial Legal Realism

A. Intellectual Forbears
(1) Human Law and Human Experience
(2) Separation of Law from Its Sources
B. Constructive Skeptics
(1) Rule Skeptics
(2) Fact Skeptics
(3) Opinion Skeptics
C. Role of Material Facts
D. Role of Experience and Social Advantage
E. Role of Metalegal Stimuli
(1) Formalist Concept
(2) Realist Concept
(3) Metalegal Factors.
(a) Stimulus Set by the Witnesses
(b) Stimulus Set by the Lawyers.
4
(c) Stimulus Set by the Judge's Legal
Attitudes and Prejudices
(d) Stimulus Set by the Judge's
Predelictions and Preconceptions
(e) Stimulus Set by Historical Events
and Political Precedents
(f) Stimulus Set by Current Social
Values and Economic Postulates
F. The Law as the Product of the Judicial
Process
G. Exclusion of the Legislative and
Executive Functions
H. The Adjudicative Process as the Prime
Mover
I. The Law and Its Purpose

Social Legal Realism

A. Source of Law
B. End or Purpose of Law
C. Application of Law
5 Critical Legal Realism
A. Critical Legal Scholarship Scroned
B. Polemics Against Critical Legal Realism
C. Deconstruction of Traditions of the
Dominant Liberal Paradigm
(1) Trashing the Tradition of the
Dominant Liberal Paradigm
(2) Internal Reformulation of the
Dominant Liberal Paradigm
(a) Rationale and Justification for
Censure
i. The Rule of Law
ii. Separation of Government
Powers
 iii. Objectivism and Formalism
iv. Judicial Activism
v. Popular and Liberal Concepts
of Democracy
(b) Transformation of the Liberal
Legal Order
i. Basic Equality
ii. Democratic Republicanism
D. Transformative Content of Post-Liberal
Order
(1) Decentralization of Government
(2) Reorganization of the Market
Economy
(3) Reconstruction of the System of
Rights
E. Function of Law

Psychological Legal Realism

A. Critique of Judicial Legal Realism
B. Critique of Legal Ideology
C. Nature of Law
D. Basic Jural Relations.
6 THE POLICY SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

The Yale Approach.

Policy Science Jurisprudence.

A. Reaction to Apathy Towards Social
Values
B. Movement Away from Ontological
Jurisprudence
C. Emphasis on Human Rights
D. Movement for the Universal Recognition
of Social Values

The Policy Process and Problems About

Values

The Social Value "Power".

A. Forms of Authority and Facts of Control
B. Aspects and Referents

The Social Value "Knowledge"

A. Purposive Forms
(1) General Aspect
(2) Particular Aspect
B. Tendential Functions

The Social Value "Respect”

A. Regard for Life and Limb
B. Regard for Human Personality
(1) Positive Phase
(2) Negative Phase.

The Social Value "Income".

A. General Aspect
 (1) Freedom from Want
(2) Conservation of Natural Resources
B. Particular Aspect
(1) Immediate Necessities
(2) Immediate Comforts.

The Social Value "Safety"

A. Public Protection
B. Public Health
C. Social Security
D. Peace and Order
The Social Value "Liberty"
A. Relative Nature
B. Purposive Affirmation
C. Forms
D. Tension or Problem Area
E. Constituent Parts
(1) Personal Liberty
(2) Religious Liberty
(3) Civil Liberty
(4) Political Liberty
(5) Economic Liberty
(6) National Liberty
F. Paradoxes of Effective Liberty

The Social Value "Equality"

A. Negative Aspect
(1) Jural Inequality
(2) Invalid View of Equality
7
B. Positive Aspect.
C. Constituent Parts
(1) Equality and Balance Before the Law
(a) Simple Type
(b) Distributive Type
(2) Equality and Balance of Opportunity
(3) Equality and Balance of Rights and
Freedoms
(4) Equality and Balance of Political
Value

The Overarching Social Value

Concept of Law

Importance of the Policy Science Concept

The End in View

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