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©
C (lead
O INORGANIC

(init typu
norqanjc) SCience)
Phaymoceutic!

tor Syl PHARMACEUTICALS

preparation
oppr Nad
Histor labus:
AR
ndtHeaVy

Sulphate
chanistny
Chlorjda

te of
in for.
(Impurities)

HU COmpounda Ipuritiea,

whlch
of |ONIT-
(Acidifiers),
oF
of norqanic
rd Chlorida
Phavmacopoia

(Eutiu)
E
Mutals,

dug slphat.
L

It in CHEMISTRY

whch , priniple
W
is Pharnaceuti

Sodium or sfudy
Modified Sulphat
1"
mdicina 'involwe
th
Sourcul

,ron, invalved
EL
obout
branch
BiCarbonak

cal
Antacids

it Scienca
in those
and CIQ
test
Arsenie,
senl, in
thl of the
L

PHARMACOPOEIA

and Ihe
of publishad
(ommon
PH

U.sP)ek.
(I-P about Cficial
qreek
Of
6.P by IF
on "oelia
term
is sardocs

Govemnt.

thad
to book
be ward phaumacopoa
in do
sag.
q. Make o
AR

defined opplicoble
Inqiedients,
Nom
ek. of whNch MaanA orms be
(ounty
peparotn

aa pharmakon'
Govemat.
definad

dnugs as
Contoina
to and to
Coms
under
M

T drugs
as
pharmaceuticol
authorizd make"
depils

IF is
ma from
-formulas
conajn

information a th and
a
A

s}andard
quthority

a
"dnug" he their
book

conplele (ON0qap

atda

of
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. C • • •
This
•

In History Thu family on The

(940
If for
INDIAN

(133?) tha Schedule

(strength
deine
in
behal
Indian
book
of It
AR
India.
L0. and
overall
Indian pharmote PHARMACOPOE1A

is
and standardi uwelfa,
qof
fisHy Rule
of of the an
Development
f Phama
(identit, qualiiy
Phamacopotìa approval drags
official
inist 1945. tho utical
the Eovernmant
E
(opola
at control
Drug products

tast
W
under (purity), documut
legaly

India
of is ond
of ealth
ommission

publishud
the
(pharmoceutiala)

and
EL
India,. Cosmetic (safehy
acaptable.

Copany assUronca

Second espon

and
)
(IP) by and
fct sible
L

refesenca
- - • pharmacopoeia

India.
from
RCOMMUndad

publishd
these publich After
ist It
NOu, Now,
ad
PH

SourCus,
academic
Uses, in
contain
(1955)ie. (885)

edition information
dosagt
of tha independenta, Bonqal

sfondard
dugs Indian
and tets, first
institutions.

Monogaphs,
comitee
th th
AR

pharmorO

and edition
severol
several
of for formula lp phormacopoeia.
publicahion
bnsially B.P.
elated
19sS.
Indian
laboratoy
soraga in
potia
uas
.
(1949)-tu
uhich was
afmmd
am oF
pharmacopoua
subsancuA
by
M

Usd (onditions

ontains IP developrd made of

addendum IPC (

was 1P).
indushry
au a
: Indian official pharmacopoeio
A

publishd

uas ete..
/suppnu

and
to
in
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C
AR
• •1" EbITIONS
2
6thfdihon
Gh Ltdition 3RD
8th 7h
dition edition
dition
fdithion
dition tdition
E
Q007
2014 1946 1995 19S5 YEAR
19
W
q 66
Ediion

INDIAN
EL
AddendUm Addendum ADDENDUM
Addendum
Addend AddendUM
Supplement Supplement
AddendUm Adderdum Addendum AddenduM Addendum

2022.
PHARMACOPOEIA

um

2005
L

2002 2000
199! 1989
2019 ol6 2o1S 20R 2008
I960 OR
1945
SUPPLEMENT
PH

EDITIONS
AR

No.

3 2 3 2 Of
4 3 3
Volumes
M

MONO

1149
220 52 271 261 890 986

GRAPHS
A

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subsfanca,
C
orisa manuacturing
,
which and piengs whjch salts
jdextified. by
"procs
AR
inorqank
also exci idatified

impurities drg impurities

-product,

may
of basicaly
easil during eagents, eke..
ynthusis easil
sforag. those
those
thosa
E
it by caaayst
not
ae ie.
, :
producad
test.

. ae to
W
Mateial
ae during
-their
related"
ak Inpurities

impurities
inpurities ek. liat
Inpurities
impuritie
these process.
hu mefal
These basiall
during raus-
ba
EL
Fngnts Ucing
drug- Irorgaric
cad hiovy
produ
Organic these
and
These om these

ii)
L

i)

p
Substacas

toxicahy
PH

and
of ek-
Phaamacoutical
qualihy types
) Impurities
Iron,cloridu
pharacouticalA

TrPES
(-foreign
aue olution

thte
AR

an
Unwanted t
AND

loues
also
also
frsenic,
cf
SoURCES
in mainl
Inpurities Impuritie

present impue)
may
ad Impuritie
M

ae alcjum,
Solven

pharmaceutiols

Impurities

|: Impuritie. Subrjuce

ead, Of Ihorganic

it
Residval
Orqonie
Impurities a They
A

Jnpuaihies

-foreiqn Types
whih make

• e4
1) 11) 11)
O

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ocured
C sourcUs raus
producs

Manufacture.

wich
impuvities
frorm
ek.
AR
acidertally
orious produt.
drug
siler
q, matrial

manufacturi Sonetinu,

in
in from
in
coppu,
IMPuRITI
impurities
Souru
USed -Adulerotion end
E
or employed

obainsd
azads ra
excipiests
Method elated th lead,
W
ng CÔmmon

Nanufoctuing Materias
fiom Cotaminate

duri
Of The
Materials
Usad Of
be naterial,
or Envivonnt
Accdeutal

ttocs
EL
SoURCES may ProQSSU storog
aS MOst Dofect
Renqent

Such Raw kuo

tho
vIn) V)
i) ii) ii) iv) v) v) 0
L

typu eke.
i.e. inpurities
of pur
proceus impurities
distillatica
PH

whjch Iprohibikel
furchond

teo method
io
in
Carbon
impurities
manufachuring
nto those
(etfet): those chamjcal

ateqorised stop
ie. thu %) steel.
substancu.

nethod
AR

ae
those
ae bosIall
improves
than manufoctue

tneir
These
by - Thesa
hysjcal
: kMOved tmpurities
less
during
tnpurities

als0 of Of basially
fdding
which
M

Soluent: foncions
these Solvents. basis
may
and to
prodvcad
ba onstvuctive
substancu.

Destructive
which iron
Impurties thu May chomjally
A

Residual
tha
from

iü)
on
It
• )
€
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bodies,
Naß, inpurity
- USe.
C subfarcus
not emain
contomination

tery. toxict ond

occured
to
.
prodvctsL

we chapor . ynfit
insect chongk, of properties
efe
AR
always subsancOS

which wSe
Cause
amnoUnt
taste
toxlc
at dust, wth
and
mrobial
inpurity odouv,
inpuities t pysical mical
unhuaienc
accidenty
Sonme
pollute
odulkakd
the a
active.
te. thun
cf
E
Somtjmus,
conjaminaion,
Color,
sorage.
intabilitiy, f

erro
Somthm,,
may
of eKCOs. t
phusical thuroapurticlly
shelf-ufe

subsanc
W
is
omoUnt
So effts
mixed maerial,
t
padking
during kBr
ete.
Changes
choical in
lite
Acidertol exponsve toxC
tu hu
EL
Cross
mal aH |cyoun.
present thu
storog
nd anj A a Cawce aller make educs
making

May

(Vii) e in
(vii) is
L

manufocturing
impurities

latim/exipients.
ocUed
ek.
Hs,
prodvct. inpusty ete
not
aUSe
ar
- So,

.
PH

pH ocurs
meallic
inpurities
impu
ae final
- sons oxidahon.
may Gasel
tlundt peSSUR,

manufacturing.
erro.
pecipitate
ials. during
thy solvent
these
preducts.e
Containation

conguninohe Manufachuring
mater qlau,
formu Sonetims,
Overall
manufactuing
tenp. mixing,
AR

oCus
f atMosçhae,

murcuy Rsdue e
dirt,
procu.
eaguts h
to defects l.e.
and >
tinal improper
- during
qros(eror)

îno Hozavdy

Ammoniakd
Ouring
du to chemical
elaled of -frogments

in from
M

propavl
in to
from ener bu du Contaminoton as
mixing

Used Dus Manufocturing

Evionmat
may oriso
ocCUS such
Processes
to playtie
Rengort to to
A

washad Dafects
also due
e .It Ouu Due

• •
VD
iv)
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passed.
ofPassad
C insolvbla

hlorida
of-failed masue
ldertifyinq

test which
is NO
AR
solution

+
Soltion
lint solution
soluble
is
and to which
budity eacion,
Agcl
for
pRCipuatu

Stordard
than Turbudit
with
impuritie
test test CHLORIDE
choridu
Tur used
E
HNO
soldion keoct
the
of basially acid.
W
Nibrae

silver
torbidity ion on AqNO;
solution solution
quarthity

standard of cf foR cWorida)

based
is

nitric
lvey

nútrate
Turbdili
Torbiditi
EL
-foYm

test Stardakd
TESt is I+
the
It 4hair
Principle is

Stlwer whjch
d.
thon LIMIT
th It
If
• If, If, in
L

staudard solution

thiu,
basically

-
impuritie
ck teut
PH

ldenhify substoncu.

Somi COde)
of
in
amount of
that
o
to of ae
ae cost soltion.

quavtitatie qvatity
in
AR

principle
/opales
desiqnud
which fo
pesont
of teut
(dekermination)
te ffurbidit,

Cylindes
turbidt
standard
CoMpae
teats
Small
test
Laghty inet the
oR Nessters
M

thoco
control) on the
TESTS
quardilative

These
ak based with
for compae
Împurities.
A

whjch

LIMIT
and Used
These
is soluhion

It we
Solution

. Test
•

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thun
vse thu Control
uoUitie
C for
mOe

soktion,
Stundard

min. le soltion,
for
in B
asid
-& to
ady is
AR
ylindu silve S
Som
Culindr is ud
sut soltion
ard
solution
sandard stand
and and
to Of
NeSsler Nessler

Dilujed
tet test teat
test of
E
1
of limet
obsemodon imt of turbidity

(onpare urbidiy
sol of
W
turbidity
the
Siver
(AgNO3)
fo both
the
A asida tubidit
in ylinder
-A pAssel -faled

Som linder
thu
EL
of |Set h

to Nessler
+ im NAHak
Nessler
tu thon Sarmple
h
than Sample

Duted
Add
Teat
If If
- -
L

qlinde, Nac.

du compakd
SOUUT]ON

tat
PH

teot
turbodii)
chJoridu(pp)

thu -s) cworida

(HNO3)

Nütole,
ylindes
MeasUring limi
on pepar
solution.
STANDARD

hun all SodjUm

depunds
Silyer (N2sser
fer
,
AR

appars which
to cylinder
Sama

Silver acid,
hove
Afardard
Of
is lorid), ee..

torbiditi, so. Nürie

aad
Solution
of we Nessles's (q)
SOLÚTION
A) HNO2)
M

rod
thjs,
-
ylinder substanco
water
Ntic
formation Afandad
Glass D.
cf (

f :
tes for :
+ of
aMount Procdure Appadus TEST

of
A

(Nessles
Chemials
Specified
Degee
Nou,
with
to 10
Jm

• • O
• •
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wafer
which Sulphat
prerenSypr)
Salurotion

so
sot"
C SOLÚTION

alohol as dist.
in
, w/ Barium

std. pesart
eaget tesf -) Hy m
AR
o.\0897.

fte
sulphate-fte
te. Cylinder
4s
witth
witr -
sulphae
pepae
STANDARO

tha(senstisl)of of of
is sulphate in
Compared
Compared k,soy
(Nossler
of Added
Sm
soluion.
(Roch 2m
, to m
E
cloridu
ßaium
haue 1
of
clorida

is
W
Sulphaa
Sandard watct
incHtase
we phate
torbidit
Barium
sulphae. SOLUTION
-a)
Borium ths, spxified
of Cylindu sul m Rarjum
EL
:
-form
cOf y5
potascivm
ProcadUHe
In a
his this,
covtajns,
Subsfanca
in Kagent

well
TEST
(Nessler
of of
tnen qm Addual

In th 1 S
L

cortrlling

chlovida, u
qenat
so make sulphát
PH

ohich turbidity
0cdlc) in
impurity
wich
24
nd -for Aolvbl
which
usad except +

solution
HNÔ,
used in so foum
HOction, Basoy
) di).(HI peipiatt
AR

sulphale
add inpuritie bosially
wjth ppt
in
SULPHATE

jnsoluble
(Nitric
make
Heact
the
of HI
the sulphát
oher
is on
to is
M

HNO, pHSence
BaCly
a foR idenhifying
based
Sod test dlorid
Rarium
dissolve thuy SubsfancL

+
di. TEST

This c bidity 2
Soy
A

is is

Why
cavte -turbid. Priniple:
jum th
IF they LIMIT and It forms

bi bar in tur
O
-
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problem
C basically thesa
whjch coloed substonus test. which

ceoate
AR
Convert during
problQms Solution.

ke
for pomanqonake). color

foR
an
SuLPHATES

used Somuims Colorle furbldty.

purple
which duty
bidty. w
TEStS those
tut. test Cubstanu
basialy
tut, tubi
E
Into
tuts qives

overcomi
limit
for tu limt
(potassivm

in
W
LIMIT AND becavee
Aubsfancas
clear
disturbana

those
CHLORIDE
Ubsfonce
(olod of kunoy
during is
Modied
CHLORIDE
formation

tet Subsfancus,
qu
EL
MODIEIED KMnOy
ae to Colord)
These we this,
Bccurs
USed This (olored
(Hate
These
foR
in So.
- in In
e
L

Jader. um
of of last Bacle
solubion,

and soluhon m ssi ualet

of
(S pota is
PH

is n M
turbidity wighed
ieagent
ft o-s with solutjon

-for wafer.
s
ith keaguiSn)of
mixed
of (10om
standard

w/N solion
asida
to Rasoy teatcd
uplo
test
the is l0892.
of is
AR

sulphale
addad
usm wlt of
on. diluted
Set chuck o. -fe of
oF solut Ond sulphale
0.0181%, turbidit
passed.
upto
s Sm of turbidit

of wejghd
Basoy al
tuvaidty
1gm
HcI
then th m
and(Sn)of these
M

1
pepae of the tet
for waler,
- dilute

- soluion s
oF 20m
thun
the
asede solution kgsOy than
limit
the hn Sond If
to odd phalt.
A

dishiled

cuck Standotd
alcchol
less
Oddad HCI, Result
Set then,
thin
Test add sul

•
•
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C Standad sa
sah Tet
4)
AR
+
E W
SULPHATE
EL

SULPHATE fOR TEST LIMIT

foR GRAM DIA RovaH
L

+ kMnOy bath ethanol.

turbjduly

2kOH
).

ol water
for a
(chdoiot
substane

of
PH

etnan 24,0 nognaium

coloed

of tet San procadue

+
2Mnozt qm on
97. in above
HO
lit
inteofeono
with for cin
1S hat Of colorles

3H, (olorless
used
tea
AR

Oissolve
usater, furthor
eOted
&
a
)
Redox rxn
m
also color
SOmo
CHtale
into
4 &dd 6o
sulphate
: dist. follaus
upto
is 29H,0H ehonol)
KMhOy
is (purplu
Reducing
procadue
it
M

which
ICMnoy
fet
ogut of dilue SULPHATE
Convert

kMnOy. and tor

+ of m (Worid.
This teAt
color preparation Sõ Subsfanca
A

Conpound

t, AKMNOy
and al we
Purple
in
and
-hen fOR
.. So, liti

.
for
•
Cool

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diamte
quoytily
tube APPARATUS
sáde
an
2HU
C arSenjc
diamser
qas papu,
dupnda Spying
clip qlass
uith tor solution through
intenal

t external
AR
hole
(ftsHy),
stain) compod
long cWorida
GUTZEIT
sovtion colors.

solution. mm 2mm Test

(Yellow Dm Bmm) pasud

200 6-5
Hq tet these
mruric

is
of A
E
sfardod
staio qa
Chloridu) of
arsing
(Mecurlc
W
idensb
Hqch yellou)
to
of eachd

sfaun)
the
t
theso
EL
qas) Apparotus:
andenked
tat.
wattr
ftsH tube.
CArsL yellow Rubbr Cork and
CNovidu
MOrcuric
Nou, paper
for During
2
for is the
which
hole
Hole exit
•
M
in -
L

(I

mercuric
ancs.
3H,0
is
whjch with Stain.
PH

idertifying
state acid)
substancu.
and subs +
educhion
AsH,1 througn
adicine in ad ((ArseneoUS
(AYsina) yellow
rable eaction, HftsOz

arseneouS
ARSENIC
undesi SHn/H,

for
AR

acid. Rodschon

in by passed
aa
in
presut Reduchon

used purities
tmpurities the gas hydrochloride
produce

known
GHho
qas
arsin
-foR
on Sud

is
in +
M

substanca 4
4 well based
ocid)
rsin and
cortolling
arsenc
ad)
TEST
fest into
HaftsOy paper
AsOz
is and (Arsenic
(Arsenedus

is Prináple:
Ibis is
A

COnverted
harmful t
Arsenie
LIMIT firstl Hg chlorido

Zinc Then,
and

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auidu procvc sfain dak placa

C is
fad
wih solution

yelow in/ it.

Soktion
passad.ReyulH
it
du
AR
mjn.
Heact
nl A Aoe

tut imudiaedy

thun
papr stajn ef uith
qas
the Ho b
/dianaer
in
Ahould washd
,
yelaw water
Icaap -for arsing sfain
Hqc
E
conpord
intensity yellow
produu-
papr
tut with
0cide
be
W
wjth Sanding.

timit
Ahould thn
solution
these
of ba corido

teoct
and infensit should
min. AST)
EL
stajn lRss,han
:
paper
PRautions
on tube
o
qas Compare
tsonjc
the 4o auway
yellow sfain
tha
lcaep -for
arsin Hqch
IF H

- -
•
L

cubstanca.
Aolution KT
tu 3olution SOLUmON
of
chorida

Zinc(AST)
PH

KI
o on colors
/qm
Snch
dependa sandard 1M
stannous
stain
sfain lodid)
present
stundard

in of
STANDARO

of
presunt of
yellow
sm (potasium

is
AR

Intensity
arsonie
of of qM
sain
Add
Im Sm
impurities and 1o
producus
x
yellous
test 4sTseu
paper.
ce -heir
prepaed qenerotor

KT ot chNorida

Snclz
M

both
/gm)
asendc SoLUTION

qas of of opared
Hey 1M
chlorida
Pepored
lodido)
sfannous
zine
asin
intnsity
indensit
solution
in wh
of
Procedure:

of (S)
A

placed
+
rcUrie
amoUnt and
TEST
botte
(potasiom
of
Now,
-Test
Add
of qm
Tu ahd
- jo
- •
5

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thioglyolic

water
). m.
C as Solufion

make
SoLÚT|ON fee]. acid
uel w/ and aside Mn
with 50 other
acaic upto
207.
to
AR
Stondard
lkalin.
as diluted
iron
of kaep
5

(MerCopto
aMMonia for each
test STANDARD

of
n.
solution
drops
acd + (onpared
)
o 2m
pepoed Of (iron 2
Solution

Cihic
upto Add Add acd Add ake
E
of
2

. • is
to thicglçoli
|
acid) color
W
w/u Make
ftee]
Soluion. in is m. t Sd aside min
have SOLÜTTON discolved volume

Vo 207. acahie
ypto
alkalina Developed
Ciron S

with to keep
we of of amnmonio solutn for
EL
(Nercopto

acid diops
Stardard then
Procodue
tirsHy. is up 2m +
TEST Solution
Sample
water made 2

. Add iric Make

acid Add
•Add

.
L

acid]
24*
solution.
idetifying Color
iron +
bufer,
a thoglycolate
PH

0cehic purple 00c HSHC

which is
of
in (nerapto color
complex
of (oDelex

for inpurities
citate
intensity

in purple
CO0
Used soluhion.
Iron
AR

reochion
acid aminonjum
thioglycolae
thioglycolae

«
IRON
is ivon
colic
this impurities

sjandard
test thiogly

the the of Thioqlycolic

fOR of CHSH
M

intensity

lint cortralling
on iron iron acid
presence

with with
based
TEST
forms olor. of +2
Tbs :
the
A

•Principle react CoMpared

Amount
LIMIT
and is the purple
which
TIhen 2fe Iron

It is In
in

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C=S
tn Soluion
C
color N=NN-NH
aád and
isted. „N=N.
is water
as ciric
ammonas
coplex solution
in uell
AR
funnel. AYogm) m)
violet
go
end
Dithizone-lead
as
color. NA-N,
Sample separcting átrote
test
is the Solutions.
Gmplex
udium
prepartd
E
at aronium

alkalin
of
Compar
color
(le) quantity
W
both
dihzon
Pb ue solution, in
resulting +

we ,NHB 2SNEN Dithizone

first solution:
transferred
of
-
EL
knouun
lead
m
last
.Procadure
his, Sfandasd

the
Test Add
and
At A
So In
i)
L

imMmedjakely

idertifying
solution.

lead
(ditizon),

dithizon
od
PH

then
test CNoroforM

compared which
solution,

of for in
diphenytiocarbazona
lead
color Used
impurities

in colot.
test.
be
reacion,
io
AR

standard
form
should Colot
purple is
limü LEAD

test legd in
to
than solution
the
ed in
of solution
/Result foR
liit the qreen
M

minutes.
on
intensity (less) passed is
controling
TEST based with which
the
This
Observation alkaling is
is within5 :
is thic,
A

•Principle teact Oithizone

the Salution
Sample
LIMIT
is
complex

and
If In It is in
•

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solutiar solution. water.

innse
transfesed
ahd
C
developad
ftee
seconds
lauer. f
test sfandard
HNÖ,
mOHe
(1ead
AR
is Pb
chlorofoam O. a
30 dil.
lead ptoceduk
layer bt ba
for
ot
in Should with

Solution
of cNoroform
obfained
E
funnel.
should washd

of solution Same
/chemicolk

(color)
W
/Result:
seperahing )
sdution
Solution

th standad
th color
should

shake
follow of
reaqents
th caution:
EL
Sfandad
Observaiorn
color thh
cbserve a Nou, fest
Glqssuwa
Nou).

n than
The
Pre All
AI|
ii)
L

chlorofornm

n
qrean. tronsfer lopo etonol
soluion.

to for add
in
PH

jn. of dittyzon

2m make Uçed become ettas

v/u
ditzn the also
Sm
and Gmmonia
ad %
% ma
discard
is add
and and lo
cyanlde
soution
i
extrocts of zong of
30ng
unil
AR

hydiochloride

ution solution
huylvoclor
ed adding
ditzon)
ithi
N

and
potassjum
phunol
soluton
dithizona sepavator.
30 sol
combined
solutton dithjzone)
with acid
by
M

hytroxlamine
of above

alkaline
o second seconds this
drops 5
the
the acd
md th Combine in Sandard
A

2 solutión
Shako 4 Now,
extoct Ditje lauyer.
Nou,
Add Add
o 30

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solvto stadard(1eac)

Le. 3-4
C solvtion
SOLUON in Cylindes. ate
Mo solution watr buhuen
mlion'
Stondord
dd.
bo nd
acid
AR
soluhon
stondad not m 3S
standard adjustd
S Necsler

of per should DARD

of aetic
upto
intensit as pats in ammonia

2
leod soution STAN Solutin dil.
with t:. Take
Somm is
Volum

leod as
as pH by
E
vse thon usae•
solution
tet well
well
th sampd
)woler
lindy
beten
in /
W
Compase
we sOLUTION

acid
soluhion.

test test,
expRssad
lead
as of m cy m

Nosley
quartity in(2s gatic
tect adjustcd SS
foL :
we
EL
ammonia
upto
of this
ProceduR
dissclued dil.
20Dpm
Nouw, is Prepore TEST
Specific n 3-4)by
Color
,so is Voluma

In It
• pH
in dil.
•
is
•
.
L

Zin(2n),
Calor.of
(Ha), acidic
is elk-. which
eoct
for
PH

chenical
it Concentaion,. sulpkida 2H*
Mercury
METALS

Used and (G), slver is

an
/byoun
in Sulphidu
inpurities. t
(M) in
those densit reaction

basiall
chtomjUM utal
(0), M,s
(Hs)
AR

HEAvY mtals eddish

Cobal
divn tal
are louw

mtallie
high ead (B),
(fs), Suphide
heavy torms fid'c
is
thos at Cadnjum,
on Slpkad

fOR hove poisonous)

test Bismuth

- Aysenic
M

based Mutaltydroqen

Hydroqen which

TEST
the Metals which of bs
- Principle:
solution

li determining
exomples is Mdiym,
M+
ot
A

ents
LIMIT This Heav
toxjc) It wth
.
elem 2

• a
•

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doesnot )ud
:
C Vsed.
solution,(Na,s)Used.

qives qivea
thods
ths
solution,

,s which
AR
who which

otr solutin
substances,
CoMPLETED

substance
subsfancs
colorless
phama

by
b
colorles coloyles
E
Catuell

porformd
ormLd
those clear
hose
hose
UNIT-I
W
@
clear clear
for tor qive
for
also
A: C:
EL
R:
Mehod
Mathod
Mithod
is
L

in
freshly om S
D standard,
CHydroqen
adiust is
PH

Sfaudard

fo So| Solution solution

upto water.
asid
of tp in
olation

(HS Volum |lceop produced

adding
Sfandasd

test in
1o Sulphide] producad
ptepaed
AR

Standard
Make

by color
soluhions.
. in passed.
Color

• he produced

color
Conpake of
Son s nin
intensity
both
(Hys fou test
M

sulphideJ upto water.

aside Reslt th in
prepared
Of Color
prodvced
solutjon

Solution

than linit
kep
Observotion
adding
volu the
A

(Hydroqen

freskly Test less then

olor Test
Make
sammple
IF
by OTest

•
•

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