It is a cylindrical chamber where the It is used to convert reciprocating

piston moves up and down. It forms motion of piston into rotary

the main part of the engine block. motion.
It is a cylindrical component that
fits snugly inside the cylinder. It
moves from Bottom Dead Center
(BDC) to Top Dead Center (TDC).
 Two-stroke engines contain ports
These engines contain one extra port
except valves. These ports open and These are connected to inlet and
which is known as transfer port. It is
closed due to piston movement. exhaust port and regulate the
connected from crankcase to
When the piston is moving towards flow of charge and exhaust gases.
combustion chamber. Its main
TDC inlet ports opens and when it
function is to supply the charge from
moves toward BDC exhaust port
crankcase to combustion chamber
opens
when piston is moving from TDC to
BDC
 This is the part where the
crankshaft is situated. The inlet port They are responsible for igniting
is also connected with the the fuel-air mixture in the
It is where the fresh charge enters
crankcase. The first charge enters combustion chamber.
into the crankcase through the
into the crankcase and is sent to the
spring-automatic valve.
combustion chamber through the
transfer port.
 One power stroke is One power stroke is
obtained in every two obtained in each
revolutions of the revolution of the
crankshaft as the cycle crankshaft as the cycle
is completed in four- is completed in two
strokes of the piston or strokes or in one
in two revolutions of revolution of the
the crankshaft. crankshaft.

One power stroke in The turning movement of the

two revolutions of the shaft is more uniform and hence
crankshaft makes the a lighter flywheel is needed to
turning movement of rotate the shaft uniformly.
the shaft non-uniform
and hence a heavier
flywheel is needed to
rotate the shaft
uniformly.
 Power produced for Power produced for
the same size of the the same size of the
engine is less and for engine is more and for
the same power the same power
output, the engine is output, the engine is
larger in size, because smaller in size,
only one power stroke because one power
is obtained in two stroke is obtained in
revolutions. every revolutions.

It contains valve and It has ports. Some engines are

valve mechanism. fitted with exhaust valve or reed
valve.
 Because of heavy It is light in weight and
weight and has no valve
complicated valve mechanism. Its initial
mechanism, the initial cost is therefore low.
cost is high.

Due to positive It has lower thermal efficiency

scavenging and and volumetric efficiency. Some
greater time of of the fresh charge escapes
induction, its thermal unburnt during scavenging in
efficiency and petrol engines.
volumetric efficiency
are higher.
 Used where high Used where low cost, low
efficiency is important weight and compactness
as in automobiles, are important as in
power generation and scooters, mopeds,
aero planes. lawnmowers, motorcycles,
etc. Two-stroke diesel
engines are used in very
large sizes for ship
propulsion because of low
weight and compactness.

Normally water-cooled, Normally air-cooled, the wear

the wear and tear is and tear is therefore more. It
therefore less. It requires more amount of
consumes less amount lubricant. Usually, mobile oil is
of lubricant. The mixed with fuel.
lubricant is placed in
the crankcase. It is not
mixed with fuel.
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