MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM SOLVING

EXERCISE SET 3.1

In Exercises 1 to 10, use inductive reasoning to predict the next number in each list.
1. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28
2. 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41
3. 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, 33, 45
4. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216
5. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64
6. 80, 70, 61, 53, 46, 40, 35
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
7. , , , , , ,
5 7 9 11 13 15 17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8. , , , , , ,
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9. 2, 7, -3, 2, -8, -3, -13, -8, -18, -13
10. 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51
11. The sum of any two even counting numbers is always an even counting number.
This statement is correct; when you add any even counting numbers to
another even counting numbers, the sum will always be an even counting
number.
12. The product of an odd counting number and an even counting number is always an
even counting number.
This statement is correct; when you multiply an even counting number and
odd counting number, the product will always be an even counting number.
13. The product of two odd counting numbers is always an odd counting number.
This statement is correct; when you multiply two odd counting numbers,
the product will always be an odd counting number.
14. The sum of two odd counting numbers is always an odd counting number.
This statement is incorrect because, when you add two odd counting
numbers, the sum is always an even counting number.
15. Pick any counting number. Multiply the number by 6. Add 8 to the product. Divide the
sum by 2. Subtract 4 from the quotient. The resulting number is twice the original
number.
This statement is incorrect, because the resulting number you will get is
three times the original number.
16. Pick any counting number. Multiply the number by 8. Subtract 4 from the product.
Divide the difference by 2. Add 2 to the quotient. The resulting number is four times the
original number.
This statement is correct, for the resulting number you will get is four times
the original number.
17. Determine the distance a ball rolls, on inclined plane 1, during each of the following
time intervals. Hint: To determine the distance a ball rolls in the interval t=1 to t=2
seconds, find the distance in rolls in 2 seconds and from this distance subtract the
distance it rolls in 1 second.

a. 1st second: t=0 to t=1 second

b. 2nd second: t=1 to t=2 seconds
c. 3rd second: t=2 to t=3 seconds
d. 4th second: t=3 to t=4 seconds
e. 5th second: t=4 to t=5 seconds

18. Determine the distance a ball rolls, on inclined plane 2, during each of the following
time intervals.

a. 1st second: t=0 to t=1 second

b. 2nd second: t=1 to t=2 seconds
c. 3rd second: t=2 to t=3 seconds
d. 4th second: t=3 to t=4 seconds
e. 5th second: t=4 to t=5 seconds

19. For inclined plane 1, the distance a ball rolls in the first second is 8 centimeters.
Think of this distance as 1 unit. That is, for inclined plane 1,

1 unit = 8 centimeters

Determine how far in terms of units a ball will roll, on inclined plane 1, in the following
time intervals.

a. 2nd second: t=1 to t=2 seconds

b. 3rd second: t=2 to t=3 seconds
c. 4th second: t=3 to t=4 seconds
d. 5th second: t=4 to t=5 seconds