HEAT TRANSFER

(ME 421)
Spring 2011
Chapter 2
Kazem Osaily

kazemosaily@hotmail.com

Department of Mechanical Engineering PPU

 Steady State 1-D Conduction Heat
Transfer

The plane wall:

Fourier’s Law

T1
q
q T2
 Electrical Analogy
R
I v2
v1

q T2
T1

Thermal resistance
Example

q T1 q
T2
T3
Eliminating T2 and T3: A T4
B C

q T1 T2 T3 T4

RA RB RC
Another Example
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

B
F
A C E
G
D

RB R RF T5
q T1 T2 T3 E T4

RA RC
RG
RD T1 −T 5
q=
∑ Rth
Radial Systems

To
q Ti
r
ri dr
ro L

qr Ti To

Rth
Spheres To
q
dr
Ti
r
ri
ro

qr Ti To

Rth
Electrical Analogy for Convection
Boundary Conditions

Free stream

q
Example
Assumption: T1 > T2

Fluid
TA
B
h1 h2
T1
Fluid A T2
q
q TB

q TA TB
T1 T2
 Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient

Fluid A

TA>TB U=? Fluid B

q
TB, hB
TA , hA

ro ri
If A=Ai Overall heat transfer coefficient based on
U=Ui
inside area of the tube.

Overall heat transfer coefficient based on

If A=Ao U=Uo
outside area of the tube.

Note: Generally, the overall heat transfer coefficient is being

calculate based on the outside area.
Critical I nsulation Thickness
The heat transfer always decreases by increasing the
insulation thickness when we are dealing with plane wall.

However, it is NOT true when a cylindrical geometry, e.g.

tube, is insulated!

*example
ho, To
q
Ti

ri
ro
Where:
In order to find the maximum of ro we should use the
Maximization condition:

k
ro = Insulation Thickness
h
Example k=0.17 W/m oC
h=3 W/m2 oC
Find qcritical per unit length and qcritical /q.
To=20 oC
Critical thickness: q
Ti=200 oC

ro
ri
ri=2.5 cm

Without insulation: qcritical=105.7 W/m

q=84.8 W/m
W hat does it m ean?
Critical I nsulation Thickness for a Sphere

Do it at home
and bring it written
On paper next lecture !!