ofmulttplicatron which involves only one parent icall-

New individuals producea aB

Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation
Organism breaks Regeneration
into two Of more
A
single segmert ABuddin9
of an organism bud is
Vegetative Tissue Culture
sma pieces and Can formed which
Propagation (Iri vitro
each piece gives give rise to New plarnts are Fricropropagation
rise to new
new individuals deveops as obtained Maintains tissue or
organism
eg Spirogya
e
g. Hydra an outgrowth
frorn parent plarit organs under sterile
arvd detaches part.
to grow into a
in vitro conditions to
new individual grow disease-free p
Multiple Fission e.g. ornamental
TES Parent organism divides plarits like orchids
ter into many identical Natural Artificiaf
daughter organismns. By roots, stems
leaves, e.g. runners, Cutting. grafting
eg. Plasmodium sweet potato, etc. layering, e.g rose
apple, etc
fission occurs in a definite orientation
structure.
eproduction by which a
unicellular
ro two or more than two
ed fission. separate

non and simplest method of asexual

cellular organisms, such as bacteria,
fungi (yeast). Gi) (i) (vi) v)
fthe single-celled organism into two (b) Binary fission in Le
ad to development ofnew organisms.
pes, i.c. binary and multiple fission.
(i) Multiple Fission
The type of fission where the
paren
many identical daughter organisms a
e the Pseudopodia
Multiple fission can be seen i
into Plasmodium (malarial parasite), Mor
O.SParent cell
Many daugh
Nucleus by multiplef
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
OoPseudopodia
withdrawn

ftucior
 A htical or after
single parent is involve clone
DNA apying
should be perfectlyaccurate in involved. ved. i.e. opp t

ne variatiOns
among the individauale It does not
proccss. involve the fusion
not may be beneficial o r fatal for the
so. This of
gam
2. Sexual Reproduction
iati This
inbuilt tendency for variations during during
evolution.
rdactien is
the hasis for This method is common
in
involves male and multicel
female individual
ortanceof Variation
placesniches in the
or
generation by usion ot gametes pro
well-detined parents, e.g.
in
nmisms accupy humans, dogs, cats, fisH
to reproduce. Those organisms
Tem. using their ability Characteristics of sexual reproduction
haee he same body design occupies the same niche o r I t is not rapid mode
heecOSVSTEm3.
a
of multiplica-
Cell division involves meiosis at so
tends to wipe out completely if a niche
ation
icular nonulation is drastically
during gamete formation.