(/0ø7Ԥ'4ø4$7 Beynԥlxalq online elmi jurnal. øPSDNt Faktor: 0.543.

2022/ Cild: 2 6D\Õ

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH International online scientific journal. Impact Factor: 0.543. 2022 / Volume: 2 Issue: 4 e-ISSN: 2789-6919

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/08/223-226
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magistrant
aliyevdeyanet98@gmail.com

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daxili ԥlaqԥlԥri dԥ\LúPԥklԥ VX HPDOÕ TXU÷XODUÕQÕQ LTWLVDGL Yԥ ekoloji tԥPLQDWÕQÕQ \NVԥdilmԥsi
[DUDVWHULVWLNDVÕLOԥ tԥminetmԥ qabiliyyԥWLQLDUWÕUDELOԥrik.
$oDU V|]OΩr: 6X HPDOÕ SURVHVL PEDGLOΩ SURVHVL  VX HPDOÕ WH[QRORJL\DVÕ LTWLVDGL WΩminat, ekoloji
tΩminat

Dayanat Lutvi Aliyev

Mathematical study of the ion exchange process of water

Abstract
One of the main stages of water preparation is the creation and modernization of new water treatment
technologies, which is currently a major problem to bring the processing process into line with modern
standards. It is currently not possible to completely replace the water treatment process with other
methods. We can ensure the process of increasing the economic and environmental security of water
treatment facilities by changing the modern technologies and schemes we use in this technology,
internal communication.
Key words: Water treatment process, exchange process, water treatment technology, economic security,
environmental security

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6X\XQLRQPEDGLOԥ prosesi nԥGLU"øRQPEDGLOԥ SURVHVLVX\X\XPúDOWPDToQNDWLRQODUGDQYԥ ya
anionlardan istifadԥ HWGL\LPL]VX\XPúDOPDSURVHVLGLU%XSURVHVLVԥrt suda kalsium (Ca) vԥ magnezium
(Mg) ionlari ilԥ NDWLRQPEDGLOԥsi edԥrԥk ԥldԥ edԥ bilԥULN3URVHVJHULoHYULOԥbilԥn kimyԥvi reaksiyalar
TUXSXQDGD[LOGLUøRQPEDGLOԥsi prosesi suyun tԥrkibindԥ olan anion vԥ NDWLRQODUÕQNԥnar edilmԥsinin ԥn
HIIHNWLY VXOODUÕQGDQ ELULGLU øONLQ Wԥmizlԥnmԥ HWDSÕ NLPL EX VXO Kԥm dԥ tԥPL] VX\XQ DOÕQPDVÕQGD
PKPWԥmizlԥmԥ mԥrhԥlԥ hesab olunur.
0[Wԥlif LRQODUoQPEDGLOԥ sabitlԥri fԥrqlidir: funksional qrupda bir ion nԥ qԥdԥUoR[EDúTDELU
qeyri-ni ԥvԥz edԥrsԥ ELUúԥrtlԥ NLRQODUÕQPԥhlulda vԥ \NGԥ NRQVHQWUDVL\DODUÕEԥrabԥUROVXQ PEDGLOԥ
sabitinin qiymԥti bir o qԥdԥU E|\N RODU ԥks halda bԥrabԥr úԥrtlԥU EDúTD ELU LRQX GDKD DVDQ
TDUÕúGÕUDFDTøRQ PEDGLOԥVLQLQ WDUD]OÕ÷ÕQÕ [DUDNWHUL]ԥ etmԥN oQ LRQ Gԥ\LúGLULFLQLQ PEDGLOԥ
qabiliyyԥWL LRQ PEDGLOԥsi sabitlԥri vԥ PEDGLOԥdԥ LúWLUDN HGԥQ LRQODUÕQ \NOԥri daxil olmaqla,
konsentrasiyalar toplusundan istifadԥ olunur [Senyavin M.M ,1960, s.11].
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(/0ø7Ԥ'4ø4$7 Beynԥlxalq online elmi jurnal. øPSDNt Faktor: 0.543. 2022/ Cild: 2 6D\Õ
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH International online scientific journal. Impact Factor: 0.543. 2022 / Volume: 2 Issue: 4 e-ISSN: 2789-6919

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vԥ TDUÕúÕTԥVDV PEDGLOԥsi var. Tamamilԥ acidic birlԥúPԥlԥri - DVÕOÕROPD\DUDTNDWLRQODUPEDGLOԥsi bir
NDWLRQS+´GÕU$PPD]ԥLIWXUúXGԥyԥULD]ROPD\DQELUQHoԥ FUIԥaliyyԥWJ|VWԥrԥ bilԥr. Tamamilԥ ԥsas
anion exchange istԥnilԥn DQLRQODUÕWԥúNLOHGLUOԥr vԥ dissosiasiya dԥrԥcԥsi hԥr bir pH dԥyԥrlԥrindԥdir. Bu,
|] Q|YEԥsindԥ, zԥif ԥsas anion dԥ\LúWLULFLOԥrdԥn mԥhrumdur. Bu vԥziyyԥt, pH 1- ROPDOÕGÕU[7]. Bir
TD\GDRODUDTNDORQWLSOLLRQPEDGLOԥTXU÷XODUÕ DSDUDWODUÕ P|YFXGGXU[Qromoqlasov A.A., Kopylov
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øRQPEDGLOԥsinin fiziki-kimyԥvi mahiyyԥti, kationit vԥ anionitlԥULQ[DUDNWHULVWLNDODUÕ

0EDGLOԥ ROXQDQ ԥNV LRQODUÕQ \NQQ LúDUԥVLQԥ J|Uԥ LRQLWOԥULQ LNL Q|Y YDUGÕU NDWLRQLWOԥU Yԥ
DQLRQLWOԥU
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[DVVԥVLQԥ PDOLN ROXU $QLRQLWOԥU ԥNV LRQODUÕQ KLGURNVLO TUXSODUÕ Yԥ \D WXUúX TDOÕTODUÕ LOԥ PEDGLOԥ
ROXQPDT[VXVL\\ԥWLQԥVDKLEGLU
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hissԥsini tԥmin etmԥk mԥqsԥdi ilԥ tsiklԥ hԥmin itkilԥUPLTGDUÕQGDVX\Xԥlavԥ edirlԥr. Bu sԥbԥbdԥn dԥ bu
su ԥlavԥ ROXQPXúVXDGODQÕU0ԥsԥlԥ ondan ibarԥWGLUNLVWDQVL\DQÕQNLP\ԥYL VXUHMLPLQLQHWLEDUOÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ
tԥmin etmԥk mԥqsԥdi ilԥ texniki istismar qaydalara bu ԥlavԥ olunan suyun keyfiyyԥWLPԥyyԥn tԥlԥblԥrԥ
cavab vermԥlidir. Bu tԥlԥblԥrԥ \NVԥk vԥ GDKDGD \NVԥk tԥ]\LTOLTD]DQTXU÷XODUÕ RODQ stansiyada bu
ԥlavԥ VX WDP GX]VX]ODúGÕUÕOPDOÕGÕU %X Pԥqsԥdlԥ D[ÕUÕQFÕ LOOԥrԥ kimi termiki vԥ kimyԥYL VXOODUGDQ
istifadԥ HGLOLUNLWHUPLNLVXOGDLONLQ[DPVX\XԥvvԥO\XPúDOGÕOÕUVRQUDEX[DUODQGÕUÕFÕODUGDD\UÕPEX[DU
KHVDEÕQDEX[DUODQGÕUDUDT LNLQFLEX[DU RQXVRQUDGDQNRQGHQVDWODúGÕUÕU'HPԥli kondensat isԥ ԥlavԥ su
NLPL VWDQVL\DQÕQ WVLNOLQԥ ԥlavԥ HGLOLU øNLQFL GX]VX]ODúGÕUPD VXOX NLP\ԥYL GX]VX]ODúGÕUPD DGODQÕU
Prinsip etibari ilԥ EX LNL VXOGDQ KDQVÕ VXOXQ VHoLOPԥsi ԥlavԥ VX\XQ PLTGDUÕQGDQ Yԥ ilkin tԥELL úLULQ
suyun keyfiyyԥtindԥQ DVÕOÕGÕU [8l. Ancaq bizԥ verilԥQ WDSúÕUÕTGD GX]VX]ODúGÕUPD WH[QRORJL\D LOԥ
PHPEUDQVXOXELUOԥúGLUԥrԥk kombinԥ ROXQPXúWH[QRORJL\DQÕQLúOԥnilmԥsi tԥlԥEROXQGX÷XQGDQNLP\ԥvi
GX]VX]ODúGÕUPDWH[QRORJL\DQÕQDUDúGÕUÕOPDVÕYDFLEYԥ zԥruridir.
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MԥKOXOXQLRQODUÕLRQLWGԥnԥlԥri sԥthinԥ GDúÕQÕU
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Bilavasitԥ LRQPEDGLOԥ UHDNVL\DVÕ
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ԤNVLRQODUÕQGԥnԥlԥrin sԥthindԥn mԥhlulun hԥcminԥ GR÷UXNHoirilmԥsi;
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Dissosiasiya dԥrԥcԥsindԥQDVÕOÕRODUDTLRQLWOԥr;
1. *FOWXUú[DVVԥli anionitlԥr.
2. *FOԥsas xassԥli anionitlԥr.
3. $úD÷ÕJFOWXUú[DVVԥyԥ malik kationitlԥr.
4. $úD÷ÕJFOԥsas xassԥyԥ malik kationitlԥr.

KationitdԥNLNDWLRQODUÕQPLTGDUÕELWGLNGԥQVRQUD\XPúDOPDSURVHVLWDPDPODQÕU3URVHVUHJHQHUDVL\D
edilԥrԥk kationiti kationlarla zԥnginllԥúGLULOLU =ԥnginlԥúGLUPԥ prosesindԥ lazim olan mԥhlul adԥtԥn
\NVԥN TDWÕOÕTOÕ Pԥhlul olur. Misal olaraq Natrium-Xlorid (NaCl) duzu mԥKOXOXQX J|VWԥrmԥk olar.
[Senyavin M.M,1990. s114]
Suyun Natrium (Na) -NDWLRQODúGÕUPDVÕQGDԥVDVWH[QRORMLJ|VWԥULFLFUROXU
- <XPúDOGÕOPÕúVX\XQTDOÕTFRGOX÷X
- .DWLRQLWLQLRQPEDGLOԥ WXWXPX LúoL
*|VWԥricilԥrԥ tԥsir edԥn amillԥU  6X\XQ LRQ TXUXOXúX  V]OPԥ VUԥti, regenerasiyaya verilԥn duz
mԥKOXOXQXQPLTGDUÕ

224
(/0ø7Ԥ'4ø4$7 Beynԥlxalq online elmi jurnal. øPSDNt Faktor: 0.543. 2022/ Cild: 2 6D\Õ
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH International online scientific journal. Impact Factor: 0.543. 2022 / Volume: 2 Issue: 4 e-ISSN: 2789-6919

Kationit tԥrԥfindԥQXGXODQFRGOXTLRQODUÕQÕQPLTGDUÕQÕ- .DWLRQLWLQLúoLLRQPEDGLOԥ WXWXPXDGODQÕU

%XKDOGDV]Jԥcin en kԥsik sahԥsi , kationit tԥbԥqԥsinLQKQGUO\VX\XQPXPLFRGOX÷XELUWVLNOGԥ
LúOԥmԥ PGGԥti mԥOXPRODUVDV]JԥFLQVDDWOÕTPԥKVXOGDUOÕ÷ÕQÕEHOԥ ELUGVWXUOD\D]DELOԥrik.[Feyziyev
H.4+VH\QRYD*+,2012. s 61]
G=hK*fS*Eøù / TK*CU (m3/saat)
<X[DUÕGD qeyd etdik ki, zԥnginlԥúGLUPԥ SURVHVL oQ Pԥhlul adԥtԥQ \NVԥN TDWÕOÕTOÕ ROVXQ $PPD
ikipillԥOL Lú UHMLPLQGԥ ԥvvԥlki pillԥdԥ VX\XQ FRGOX÷XQ PLTGDU TL\Pԥti birpillԥliyԥ ԥsasԥQ DUWÕT
J|WUOG\QGԥn onun regenerasiyasina daha az miqdarda duz mԥhlulu istifdԥ(sԥrf ) olunur.
Mԥqsԥd kationitin 2-ci pillԥdԥ UHJHQHUDVL\DVD\ÕVÕQÕELUԥvvԥlkinԥ nisbԥtԥQD]DOWPDTGÕU-ci pillԥdԥ
VX\XQFRGOX÷XQXQԥsas hissԥsi tutulur. 2-ciyԥ \DOQÕ]TDOÕTTDODQKLVVԥVLEXUD[ÕOÕUYԥ tam olaraq tutulur.1-
ci pillԥdԥ V]OPԥ VUԥWLDúD÷ÕROXU Wԥxmini 20-PVDDW oQNLVUԥWDúD÷ÕROGX÷XKDOGDSURVHVGDKD
úԥffaf gedir.2-ci mԥrhԥlԥdԥ V]OPԥVLoQYHULOԥQVUԥt hԥddi 50 m/saat qԥbul olunur.
Su- kimyԥYLGX]VX]ODúGÕUÕOPDGDDUGÕFÕOIRUPDGDLONRODUDT+- IRUPDOÕNDWLRQLWV]Jԥci, daha sonra isԥ
OH- IRUPDOÕ DQLRQLW V]JԥcindԥQ V]OE NHoLULOLU + IRUPDOÕ NDWLRQLW V]Jԥcindԥ Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+(K-)
LRQODUÕ+- LRQODUÕQDԥvԥz edilir. Amma OH- DQLRQLWV]Jԥcindԥ digԥULRQODU2+LRQODUÕQDԥvԥz edilir. Bu
LRQODUDQPXQԥ olaraq SO2-4 &OLRQODUÕQÕPLsal gԥtirԥ bilԥrik.
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zԥif xassԥOL WXUúX DQLRQODUÕ  ELU V|]Oԥ NDUERQ TD]Õ Yԥ silikat birlԥúPԥVL [DULF ROXQXU %X SURVHVLQ EDú
vermԥVL oQ LVWLIDGԥ edilԥn VX DUGÕFÕO RODUDT  SLOOԥOL + NDWLRQLW V]Jԥci vԥ 2+ DQLRQLW V]Jԥcindԥn
NHoLULOLU
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NHoLULOLU 'ԥULQGX]VX]ODúGÕUÕOPÕú  SLOOԥli mԥrhԥlԥdԥQNHoPLú Yԥ istifadԥ edilԥQVXoPԥrhԥlԥli H-
kationit vԥ OH- DQLRQLWV]JԥclԥrindԥQNHoLULOLUhoPԥrhԥlԥli prosesin son mԥrhԥlԥsindԥ LRQODúGÕUPD\D
D\UÕ-D\UÕ\DGDH\QLV]Jԥcdԥ DSDUÕODELOԥr.
hoQF Pԥrhԥlԥ LRQODúGÕUPD LOԥ GX]VX]ODúGÕUÕOPÕú LVWLIDGԥ ROXQDQ VX TDUÕúÕT V]JԥcdԥQ NHoLULOLU
4DUÕúÕT V]JԥF TYYԥWOL WXUúX NDWLRQLWL Yԥ ԥVDVÕ \NVԥk olan anionitlԥU TDUÕúÕTODUÕ LOԥ \NOԥnir.
Regenerasiya prosesindԥn daha ԥvvԥO TDUÕúÕTV]Jԥcin daxilindԥ anionitlԥr vԥ kationitlԥr bir -birindԥn
D\UÕOÕU[ +4)H\]L\HY+4+Veynova G.H., 2012 . s 105]
øRQLWOԥri regenerasiya etmԥNoQVXOP|YFXGGXU
1. 4DUÕúÕTWԥsirlԥrlԥ
2. 5HJHQHUDQWV]Jԥclԥrlԥ
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PHWDOLRQODUÕQGDQLRQdԥ\LúGLULFLQLQWԥmizlԥnmԥsi.
Kationit vԥ anionitlԥr bir-birindԥn necԥ D\UÕOÕU"
ԤgԥU NL RQODU DUDVÕQGD VÕ[OÕTODU IԥUTL P|YFXGGXUVD RQODUÕQ ELU-birindԥQ D\UÕOPDVÕ SURVHVL EDú
verԥcԥk. Hava vasitԥsilԥ TDUÕúGÕUÕOPÕú LRQLWOԥrin keyfiyyԥWOL TDUÕúGÕUÕOPDVÕ GX]VX]ODúGÕUÕOPÕú VX\XQ
keyfiyyԥWLQLDUWÕUÕU%XQDVԥbԥb odur ki, ionitlԥrin tԥrkibindԥki H+ vԥ OH- LRQODUÕDQLVUԥtdԥ bir-birinԥ
tԥsir edԥrԥNQH\WUDOODúÕUGÕUÕULRQXQԥks effektini yox edir.
øVWLIDGԥ edilԥn suyun tԥmizlԥnmԥsinԥ J|Uԥ optimal ion dԥ\LúGLULFLOԥULQLQ KDQVÕ [VXVL\\ԥtԥ sahib
ROPDVÕ OD]ÕP ROGX÷XQX KHVDEODPD \ROX LOԥ Pԥyyԥn etmԥk vacibdir [Senyavi M.M., Ruinstein,R.N.
.RPDURYD ø9 V] $SDUÕODQ LúOԥrin nԥticԥVL RODUDT PԥyyԥQ HGLOPLúGLU NL VX\XQ NDWLRQOD
tԥmizlԥnmԥsinin birinci mԥrhԥlԥsindԥ natriumun hidrogenlԥ PEDGLOԥ sabitinin optimal qiymԥti 2,
kalsiumun hidrogenlԥ PEDGLOԥ sabiti isԥ 1,5 (sm3/sm3) tԥúNLOHGLU .8-2 kation dԥ\LúGLULFLVL  
vԥ VXOIRQODúGÕUÕOPÕú N|PU   oQ QDWULXP PEDGLOԥ sabitinin qiymԥti optimal qiymԥtdԥQ oR[
D]GÕU.DOVLXPPEDGLOԥ VDELWLVXOIRN|PU VPVP oQRSWLPDOD\D[ÕQGÕUYԥ KU-oQ
VPVP  oQ RSWLPDOGDQ ԥhԥmiyyԥtli dԥrԥcԥdԥ \NVԥkdir vԥ EX \NVԥk xԥrclԥri izah edir.
VXOIRN|PUOԥ PTD\LVԥdԥ KU-2 kation dԥ\LúGLULFLVLQLQUHJHQHUDVL\DVÕ
H-NDWLRQLW V]Jԥci bԥ]L WXUúX PԥKOXOODUÕ LOԥ regenerasiya oluna bilir. Sulfat vԥ ;ORULG WXUúXVX
mԥKOXOODUÕLOԥ UHJHQHUDVL\DVXOXQGDELULQFLSLOOԥ kimi H-kationitindԥ VXOIDW WXUúXVXQXQ[VXVLPLTGDU
sԥUIL\\DWÕ- 2 q-ekv/q-ekv-dԥn az olmur.

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(/0ø7Ԥ'4ø4$7 Beynԥlxalq online elmi jurnal. øPSDNt Faktor: 0.543. 2022/ Cild: 2 6D\Õ
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH International online scientific journal. Impact Factor: 0.543. 2022 / Volume: 2 Issue: 4 e-ISSN: 2789-6919

H- NDWLRQODúGÕUPDGD &D 1D 0J LRQODUÕ +- LRQODUÕQD ԥvԥz edilir. Hԥmin bu ionlar regenerasiya
prosesindԥ KLGURJHQ LRQODUÕQD Gԥ\LúGLULOLU 6XOIDW +2SO4  WXUúXVXQGDQ UHJHQHUDVL\D Pԥhlulu kimi
istifadԥ etmԥNPPNQGU[ )H\]L\HY+4+VH\QRYD*+V110]
6X oQ NLP\ԥYL GX]VX]ODúGÕUPD SURVHVLQԥ digԥU IDNWRUODUÕQ WԥVLULQL P\\ԥn etmԥN oQ ELU oR[
tԥFUEԥlԥU DSDUÕOPÕúGÕU $SDUÕODQ WԥFUEԥlԥridԥn bu nԥticԥyԥ gԥlmԥk olar ki, KY-2- NDWLRQLWL WXUúX
vasitԥsilԥ regenerasiya edilԥrsԥEWQDUDúGÕUÕODQLRQODUoQLúoLPEDGLOԥ tutumu hԥddԥQDUWÕTDOÕQÕU
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7. https://az.delachieve.com/ion-muebadillar-t%C9%99tbiqi-onlar-suyun-t%C9%99mizl%
8. https://azkurs.org/suyun-kimyevi-duzsuzlasdrlmas-3-emal-merhelesine-esaslanr.html

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