The Gastrointestinal System

Name: _________________________ Date: __________

Class: _________________________

MCQ: (5 marks)

1. What is the greater omentum?

A. The visceral layer lines the abdominal cavity.
B. The space between the two peritoneal layers.
C. The folds of peritoneum that anchor the liver to the diaphragm.
D. The extension of the peritoneum that hangs in front of the abdomen.

2. Which of the following is NOT found in the mucosal layer of the

alimentary canal?
A. Lamina propria.
B. Mucus membrane.
C. Muscularis mucosa.
D. Visceral peritoneum.

3. Retroperitoneal structures are situated __________ the peritoneum.

A. behind
B. above
C. below
D. within

4. which hormone is released when a high fat meal has been eaten, and
stimulates contraction of the gall bladder?
A. Bile.
B. Gastrin.
C. Secretin.
D. Cholecystokinin.

5. What is the main substance absorbed in the colon?

A. Water.
B. Fatty Acids.
C. Amino acids.
D. Monosaccharides.

CSY 1
Fill in the blank:

1. Write the correct answer(s) from the key choices given below to match
with the relevant statements. You might need more than one answer.
(12 marks)
Key choices:
Hydrochloric acid Intrinsic factor Mucus Pepsinogens

a. Secreted by parietal cells: _________________________________

b. Provides correct pH for stomach enzymes: ____________________

c. Lubricates gastric contents: ________________________________

d. Activated to form pepsins: _________________________________

e. Secreted by chief cells: ____________________________________

f. Inactive enzymes: ________________________________________

g. Required for absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum: _____________

h. Gives a pH of 1 – 3 in the stomach: __________________________

i. Secreted by goblet cells: ___________________________________

j. Precursor for protein digestion: ______________________________

k. Stops the action of salivary amylase: _________________________

CSY 2
2. Chemical digestion in the small intestine. Complete the passage by giving
the most accurate answer from the key choices. (15 marks)
Key choices:
pancreas trypsin bicarbonate amylase amino acids
monosaccharides 7.8 and 8.0 sphincter of Oddi liver fatty acids
glycerol gall bladder 1500ml enterocytes duodenum

On a daily basis, the intestine secretes about ____________________

of intestinal juices, and its contents are between _____________________. In
the small intestine, chemical digestion is completed and the end products are
absorbed. The main enzyme secreted by the enterocytes is enterokinase, which
activates enzymes from the ____________________. However, other enzymes
from accessory structures are passed into the ____________________as well.
The pancreas secretes ____________________, which is important in
reducing large sugar molecules to disaccharides. In addition, pancreatic lipase
breaks down fats into ____________________ and ____________________,
which can be absorbed in the intestine. The proteins are broken down to
dipeptides by pancreatic ____________________ and chymotrypsin. Pancreatic
juice is also rich in ____________________ which is important in neutralising the
acid chyme from the stomach.
Bile is made in the ____________________, stored in the
____________________, and enters the intestine via the
_____________________. It has a role to play in fat digestion by breaking fats
into fatty tiny droplets. This increases the action of lipase on the fat.
Even after the multiple digestive actions of these enzymes, the digested
proteins and carbohydrates are still not in a readily absorbable form, and
digestion is completed by enzymes made by ____________________. Thus, the
final stage of protein digestion produces ____________________, and the final
stage of carbohydrates digestion produces ____________________.

CSY 3
3. The functions of the liver. Complete the passage by giving the most
accurate answer from the key choices. (15 marks)
Key choices:
urea fats insulin drugs uric acid
alcohol blood plasma proteins red blood cells Kupffer
iron glucagon bile emulsifying fats glycogen

The liver is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. It converts

glucose to ____________________ for storage; the hormone that is
important for this is ____________________. In the opposite reaction,
glucose is released to meet the body’s energy needs and the important
hormone for this is ____________________. This action of the liver
maintains the blood sugar levels within close limits. Other metabolic
processes include the formation of waste, including
____________________, from the breakdown of protein, and
____________________from the breakdown of nucleic acids. Proteins
are also made here including ____________________ such as albumin.
The liver detoxifies many ingested chemicals, including
____________________and ____________________. Red blood cells
and other cellular material such as microbes are broken down in the
____________________ cells. The liver also synthesizes vitamins, and
is the main storage site for ____________________ which is essential
for haemoglobin synthesis.
The liver makes ____________________, which is stored in the gall
bladder and important for digestion of ____________________. Bile
salts are important for ____________________ in the small intestine;
and are themselves reabsorbed there and returned to the liver in the
____________________. Bilirubin is released when
____________________ are broken down mainly in the spleen and liver.

CSY 4