Week 11- Food and Hunger Monday, October 16, 2023 8:19 PM DS aL a ote Environmental Science Week 11 - Food And Hunger Tat RY ya hey At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: * Define starvation * Discuss the status of Filipinos regarding malnutrition and diet + Explain how the problem of hunger is associated with the problem of poverty in relation to polities a Classifications of Food Nutrients 1. Macronutrients - these ere nutrients needed in large quentities. These include carbohydrates, fats and protein which are sources of energy that we need to survive. 2. Micronutrients - are substances that an organism must have in the diet in small ‘quantities. These include vitamins and minerals. Aside from calories, we need specific nutrients in our diet, such as proteins, vitamins and minerals Nutritional Needs Y Proteins- Make up most of the metabolic machinery and cellular structure essential to life, The average adult human needs about 40 grams of protein per day. Pregnant women, growing children & adolescents needs up to twice as much to build growing tissues. Proteins & amino acids should compose about 20% of the food we eat. It is used for making & repairing our skin, muscles, fingernails, hair & connective tissues. ¥ Amino acids - building blocks of protein. There are ten amino acids which we cant made for ourselves but can be acquired on our diet. These amino acids are: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophane and valine. Nutritional Needs ¥ Proteins- Make up most of the metabolic machinery and cellular structure essential to life, The average adult human needs about 40 grams of protein per day. Pregnant women, growing children & adolescents needs up to twice as much to build growing tissues. Proteins & amino acids should compose about 20% of the food we eat. It is used for making & repairing our skin, muscles, fingernails, hair & connective tissues. ¥ Amino acids - building blocks of protein. There are ten amino acids which we can't made for ourselves but can be acquired on our diet. These amino acids are: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophane and valine. most widespread human protein deficiency diseases ar 1. Marasmus Caused by a diet low in both calories and protein. A child suffering from severe marasmus is generally thin and shriveled like a tiny, very old starving person. 2. Kwashiorkor Occurs when people eat @ starchy diet that is low in protein even though it may have plenty of calories. Child with kwashiorkor often have reddish-orange hair and puffy, discolored skin and bloated belly. They become anemic, listless & have low resistance to diseases & infections. Some are likely to suffer from stunted growth, mental retardation or develop mental problems. es Nutritional Needs ¥ Carbohydrates - are our body's main source of energy. Carbohydrates include the different types of sugar, starch (rice, bread, sweet potato or kamote, potato) & the like. Carbohydrates should compose about 60% of the food we eat. It is mainly used for energy & can be converted into some fats, oils & amino acids. Classification of Carbohydrates: + Monosaccharides - carbohydrates made of one simple sugar unit. + Disaccharides - two simple sugar units. + Polysaccharides - made of more than two simple sugar ¥ Lipids- are fatty acids & their esters. Fatty acids- are chemically carboxylic acids. They are found in our cells and are reserved form of food in our body. Fats should compose about 20% of the food we eat. Itis used as energy reserves. A layer of fat under our skin serves as a protective cushion & insulator. If you eat too much, the food you overeat will be converted into & stored as lipids in yo adipose tissues. Nutritional Needs These lipids stored in your tissues make us fat. But if we eat less and exercise a lot, the stored lipids will be used up to release the energy we need for our work out. As we use up to the stored lipids. We begin to lose weight. ¥ Minerals- are inorganic nutrients needed in small amounts for building cellular structures & for regulating many cellular reactions. ‘Common minerals deficiencies are: 1. Calcium deficiency causes irritability, muscle cramps and bone defects. 2. ron deficiency leads to anemia (low level of hemoglobin in the blood). 3. lodine deficiency are goiter (swollen thyroid glands) and hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels) ¥ Vitamins- are organic molecules needed by the body that can only be obtained through the food we eat. These are assigned alphabets & numericals because little was known abo chemical composition in the early days. Vitamins and minerals without these two our body will suffer from deficiency disorders. Food Groups The appropriate consumption of protein, carbohydrates, fats vitamins, minerals & water is needed for @ healthy body. Because of this nutritionists have classified food into ‘groups & have recommended the amounts to be taken regularly. 1. Milk & Milk Products - milk is perhaps the most complete food. It contains galactose wic is important in the diet of children & infants for the synthesis of cerebrosides (alycolipids in the brain). There are many types of milk. Milk obtained directly from animals are called raw milk. After homogenization ( process wherein milk is forced through small opening by applying pressure) & pasteurization (heating the milk to kill harmful bacteria) it becomes whole milk, it becomes skim or non-fat milk. If vegetable oil is added to skim milk as a substitute for milk fat, it becomes filled milk. melee Cael] oss 2.Meat, fish & poultry 3. Vegetables and fruits 4, Bread and cereals Oe a Food Additives are chemical substances added to serve as flavour enhancer, preservatives, colorings, emulsifiers or thickeners. Examples of these are MSG, Sodium nitrate or salitre, benzoic acid BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) etc. Most additives do not have nutritional values. Some of them may even be unhealthy. Food excessively treated with MSG or vetsin can cause “Chinese restaurant syndrome” w/c is characterized by facial & chest pressure & burning sensation on the skin, Salitre is suspected carcinogen & should be added at a controlled dose. | oe “all pictures were from Google Images Answer the following: 1. Discuss briefly the food and hunger situation in the Philippines. 2. What are the three (3) most important things that you believe should be done to reduce hunger in our country? 3. Give the roles of government organizations (60's) and non government organizations (NGO's) to combat these (hunger) problems in our country.