STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (CVE 311)

Dr. Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo

Ifeyinwa.Obianyo@nileuniversity.edu.ng
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 COURSE OUTLINE
• Advanced topics in bending moment and shear force in beams.

• Theory of bending of beams. Deflection of beams.

• Unsymmetrical bending and shear center applications.

• Strain energy.

• Biaxial and triaxial state of stress.

• Transformation of stresses.

• Mohrs circle.

• Failure theories.

• Springs.
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• Creep, fatigue, fracture and stress concentration.

 UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING AND SHEAR CENTER APPLICATIONS

LEARNING objectives:
At the end of the class, students will be able to:
1. Explain unsymmetrical bending
2. State two reasons of unsymmetrical bending
3. Solve problems on unsymmetrical bending in beams
4. Solve problems on shear center applications
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 UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING

▪ Using the well known bending equation, , it is assumed that the neutral axis
of the cross-section of the beam is perpendicular to the plane of loading. This
condition implies that the plane of loading or plane of bending, is coincident with,
or parallel to a plane containing a principal centroidal axis of inertia of the cross-
section of the beam.
▪ If, however, the plane of loading or that of bending, does not lie in (or parallel to) a
plane that contains the principal centroidal axis of the cross section, the bending is
called unsymmetrical bending.
▪ In the case of unsymmetrical bending, the direction of neutral axis is not
perpendicular to the plane of bending.
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 UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING

Following are the two reasons of

unsymmetrical bending:
(i) the section is symmetrical (viz.
Rectangular, Circular, I sections) but the
load line is inclined to both the principal
axes.
(ii) the section itself is unsymmetrical (viz.
angle section or channel section vertical
web) and the load line is along any
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centroidal axis.
UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING

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 EXAMPLE 1

A cantilever, of I-section, 2·4

metres long is subjected to a
load of 200 N at the
free end as shown in Fig. 19·4.
Determine the resulting bending
stresses at corners A and B, on
the fixed section of the
cantilever.

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EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION

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EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION

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EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION

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 STUDENT ACTIVITY I
Fig. 19·5 shows a 80 mm × 80 mm
angle having IXX = IYY = 87·36 × 10–8
m4. It is used as a freely supported beam
with one leg vertical. On the application
of the bending moment in the
vertical plane YY the mid-section of the
beam deflects in the direction AA' at 30°
15' to the vertical.
(i) Calculate the second moment of area
of the section about its principal axis.
(ii) What is the bending stress at the
corner B if the bending moment is 1·5
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kNm?
STUDENT ACTIVITY I SOLUTION

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STUDENT ACTIVITY I SOLUTION

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 STUDENT ACTIVITY II
A beam of T-section (flange: 100
mm × 20 mm ; web : 150 mm ×
10 mm) is 2·5 metres in length and
is simply supported at the ends. It
carries a load of 3·2 kN inclined at
20° to the vertical and passing
through the centroid of the section.
If E = 200 GN/m2, calculate :
(i) Maximum tensile stress;
(ii) Maximum compressive stress;
(iii) Deflection due to the load; and
(iv) Position of the neutral axis. 11/15/2023 14
STUDENT ACTIVITY II SOLUTION

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STUDENT ACTIVITY II SOLUTION

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STUDENT ACTIVITY II SOLUTION

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STUDENT ACTIVITY II SOLUTION

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STUDENT ACTIVITY II SOLUTION

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 SHEAR CENTER APPLICATIONS
▪ The shear centre (for any transverse section of the beam) is the
point of intersection of the bending axis and the plane of the
transverse section.
▪ Shear centre of a section can be defined as a point about which
the applied force is balanced by the set of shear forces obtained by
summing the shear stresses over the section (for unsymmetrical
sections such as angle section and channel section, summation
of shear stresses in each leg gives a set of forces which should
be in equilibrium with the applied shear force).
▪ Shear centre is also known as “centre of twist.”

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 SHEAR CENTER APPLICATIONS
▪ In case of a beam having two axes of symmetry, the shear centre
coincides with the centroid.
▪ In case of sections having one axis of symmetry, the shear centre
does not coincide with the centroid but lies on the axis of symmetry.
▪ When the load passes through the shear centre then there will be only
bending in the cross-section and no twisting.
▪ The principle involved in locating the shear centre for a cross-section of a
beam is that the loads acting on the beam must lie in a plane which
contains the resultant shear force on each cross section of the beam as
computed from the shearing stresses produced in the beam when it is
loaded so that it does not twist at its ends.
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 SHEAR CENTER APPLICATIONS
Shear Centre for Channel Section

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SHEAR CENTRE FOR CHANNEL SECTION

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SHEAR CENTRE FOR CHANNEL SECTION

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 EXAMPLE 2

A channel section has flanges

12 cm × 2 cm and web 16 cm
× 1 cm. Determine the shear
centre of the channel.

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EXAMPLE 2 SOLUTION

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SHEAR CENTRE FOR UNEQUAL I-SECTION

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 CLASS ACTIVITY III

Determine the position of the

shear centre of the section of a
beam shown in Fig. 19·10.

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 CLASS ACTIVITY III

Determine the position of the

shear centre of the section of a
beam shown in Fig. 19·10.

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CLASS ACTIVITY III SOLUTION

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CLASS ACTIVITY III SOLUTION

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QUESTIONS?

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