THE UNIVERSITY OF PEOPLE

11th OCTOBER,2023

HS 4212-01 Genetics - AY2024-T1

Written Assignment Unit 5

Introduction:

The seahorse is a charming species with precise reproductive techniques. on this paper, we can explore
how seahorses reproduce, the evolutionary benefits and drawbacks of their reproductive strategies, and
the have an impact on in their environment on these techniques.

Reproduction of Seahorses:

Seahorses rent an tremendous approach of reproduction, known as male pregnancy. women deposit
their eggs into a specialised pouch in the male's stomach, where the male fertilizes them. The male
carries and nurtures the growing embryos, sooner or later giving birth to fully-shaped, miniature
seahorses.

Evolutionary Advantages:

improved Parental Care: The male's brood pouch affords a controlled surroundings for embryo
improvement, providing safety from predators and ensuring choicest situations.

Diverse Genetic Pool: via allowing the male to pick when to release the younger, seahorses beautify
genetic range, growing the offspring's chances of survival.

Evolutionary Disadvantages:

resource funding: Male seahorses invest tremendous energy in being pregnant, probably restricting
their potential for other activities including foraging or escaping predators.
Environmental elements:

Seahorses live in seagrass beds and coral reefs, which can be complex, sluggish-moving environments
with restricted shielding spaces. Their upright posture and prehensile tails allow them to blend into the
environment. The male's being pregnant pouch aligns with this environment with the aid of ensuring the
offspring's protection.

physical abilties and Reproductive strategies:

The seahorse's particular upright posture, blended with its sluggish and planned motion, makes it an
effective ambush predator and a perfect candidate for the male pregnancy method. This strategy
reduces the probabilities of eggs and younger seahorses being consumed through other predators.

Conclusion:

The seahorse's male pregnancy strategy has developed as an variation to its environment and bodily
characteristics. at the same time as it comes with a few evolutionary dangers, the advantages of
enhanced parental care and genetic diversity are critical for its survival. This precise reproductive
approach highlights the complex interaction among a species' surroundings, bodily abilities, and
reproductive techniques in the system of evolution.

REFERENCES

Fleming, T. P., et al. (2012). Nutrition of Females During the Peri-conceptional Period and Effects on
Foetal Programming and Health of Offspring. Animal Reproduction Science, 130, 193–197.

TransGeno ERA Chair Project is Funded from the European Union Framework Programme for Research
and Innovation, Horizon 2020 (contract No. 6689889).