1.

Blockage of which of the following arteries would lead to ischemia of the apex
of the heart?
Anterior interventricular (descending)
Left circumflex
Posterior interventricular (descending)
Right marginal
Right coronary
2. A hand slipped behind the heart at its apex can be extended upwards until
stopped by a line of pericardial reflection that forms the:
Cardiac notch
Costomediastinal recess
Hilar reflection
Oblique pericardial sinus
Transverse pericardial sinus
3. A stethoscope placed over the left second intercostal space just lateral to the
sternum would be best positioned to detect sounds associated with which
heart valve?
aortic
pulmonary
mitral
tricuspid
4. Which valves would be open during ventricular systole?
Aortic and pulmonary
Aortic and tricuspid
Mitral and aortic
Tricuspid and mitral
Tricuspid and pulmonary
5. Which chamber's anterior wall forms most of the sternocostal surface of the
heart?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
6. A 3rd-year medical student was doing her first physical exam. In order to
properly place her stethoscope to listen to heart sounds, she palpated bony
landmarks. She began at the jugular notch, then slid her fingers down to the
sternal angle. At which rib (costal cartilage) level were her fingers?
1
2
3
4
7. A patient involved in an automobile accident presents with a sharp object
puncture of the middle of the sternum at about the level of the 4th or 5th
costal cartilage. If the object also penetrated pericardium and heart wall,
which heart chamber would most likely be damaged?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
8. Which statement is true of the right atrioventricular valve?
it is also called the mitral valve
it is open during ventricular diastole
it transmits oxygenated blood
it is opened by the pull of chordae tendineae
it consists of 2 leaflets
9. A 23-year-old male injured in an industrial explosion was found to have
multiple small metal fragments in his thoracic cavity. Since the pericardium
was torn inferiorly, the surgeon began to explore for fragments in the
pericardial sac. Slipping her hand under the heart apex, she slid her fingers
upward and to the right within the sac until they were stopped by the
cul-de-sac formed by the pericardial reflection near the base of the heart. Her
fingertips were then in the:
Coronary sinus
Coronary sulcus
Costomediastinal recess
Oblique sinus
Transverse sinus
10. An elderly lady suffers a coronary occlusion and subsequently it is noted that
there is a complete heart block (that is, the right and left bundles of the
conduction system have been damaged). The artery most likely involved is
the:
acute marginal branch
circumflex branch
anterior interventricular (Left anterior descending)
obtuse marginal
posterior interventricular (posterior descending)
11. During fetal life and sometimes persisting into the adult there is an opening
between the right and left atria; this opening is called the:
atrioventricular canal
coronary sinus
foramen ovale
sinus venosus
truncus arteriosis
12. The heart sound associated with the mitral valve is best heard:
In the jugular notch
In the second left intercostal space
In the second right intercostal space
In the fifth left intercostal space
To the right of the xiphoid process
13. Which heart valve has leaflets described as "anterior, left and right"?
Aortic
Pulmonary
Left atrioventricular
Right atrioventricular
14. In preparation for thoracic surgery, a median sternal splitting procedure was
carried out. But an improper depth setting on the saw blade resulted in a slight
nick on the underlying sternocostal surface of the heart. Which heart chamber
would most likely have been opened had the blade completely penetrated this
wall?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
15. The sound associated with tricuspid stenosis (narrowing) in a 40-year-old
male would be best heard at which location on the anterior chest wall?
Below the left nipple
In the right 2nd intercostal space near the sternum
Over the apex of the heart
Over the sternal angle
Xiphoid area, just off the sternum
16. Blockage of blood flow in the proximal part of the anterior interventricular
artery could deprive a large area of heart tissue of blood supply, unless a
substantial retrograde flow into this artery develops via an important
anastomosis with which other artery?
Circumflex
Left marginal
Posterior interventricular
Right coronary
Right marginal
17. Traumatic, acceleration/deceleration injuries to the aorta usually occur where
its mobile and fixed portions meet. This would be at the:
at the ligamentum arteriosum
junction of aortic arch with the descending portion
junction of the ascending aorta with the heart
origin of the brachiocephalic artery on the arch
point where the descending aorta passes through the diaphragm
18. Which structure does NOT lie in the coronary sulcus?
circumflex artery
coronary sinus
right coronary artery
right marginal artery
left coronary artery
19. Which posterior mediastinal structure is most closely applied to the posterior
surface of the pericardial sac?
Aorta
Azygos vein
Esophagus
Thoracic duct
Trachea
20. In obstruction of the superior or inferior vena cava, venous blood is returned
to the heart by an alternate route via the azygos vein, which becomes dilated
in the process. Which of the following structures might it compress as a
result?
trachea
root of the left lung
phrenic nerve
thoracic duct
descending aorta
21. Elevated systolic blood pressure in the right ventricle suggests stenosis of
which valve?
Aortic
Mitral
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
22. During examination of a 62-year-old man, the senior resident tells you to put
your stethoscope on the left 5th intercostal space, slightly below the nipple,
and listen for a clearly audible murmur. You hear it distinctly and know it must
be associated with severe stenosis of which heart valve?
Aortic
Mitral
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
23. A 26-year-old male is brought into the emergency room after having been
kicked in the chest by a horse. After examination, it is concluded that the most
likely immediate danger is cardiac tamponade (bleeding into the pericardial
sac). You prepare to draw off some of the blood from the sac to relieve the
pressure on the heart. The safest site at which to insert the needle of the
syringe in order to miss the pleura would be:
Just below the nipple on the left
Just to the left of the xiphisternal junction
 Near the sternal angle
Through the jugular notch
4th left intercostal space in the midaxillary line
24. A 22-year-old male involved in an automobile accident presents with
symptoms suggestive of myocardial contusion due to blunt trauma,
specifically compression of the sternocostal surface of the heart by the
sternum when his chest hit the steering wheel. Which heart chamber was
most likely damaged?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
25. While attempting to suture the distal end of a coronary bypass onto the
anterior interventricular artery, the surgeon accidentally passed the needle
through the adjacent vein. Which vein was damaged?
Anterior cardiac vein
Coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
26. While listening to a patient's heart sounds with a stethoscope, you identify a
high-pitched sound in the second right intercostal space, just lateral to the
edge of the sternum. Your correct conclusion is that you have detected
stenosis of which heart valve?
Aortic
Mitral
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
27. The cardiovascular system begins to develop during the third week.
true
false
28. The primitive heart is partitioned into four separate chambers during the fourth
week.
true
false
29. The heart is derived from:
splanchnic mesoderm
somatic mesoderm
septum transversum
intermediate mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm
30. The dorsal mesocardium:
disappears partially and thereby helps to form the transverse pericardial
sinus
 disappears and helps to form the oblique pericardial sinus
persists as the fibrous pericardium
persists as the endocardium
fuses with the dorsal mesogastrium
31. The most superior part of the inferior vena cava is derived from:
left vitelline vein
right vitelline vein
right umbilical vein
left umbilical vein
sinus venosus
32. The embryonic origin of the ligamentum arteriosum is from the:
second arch artery
third arch artery
fourth arch artery
fifth arch artery
sixth arch artery
33. The bulboventricular ridge of the embryonic heart:
persists as the membranous part of the interventricular septum
becomes the upper segment of the muscular interventricular septum
contributes to the formation of the left atrioventricular orifice
gives origin to the trabeculae carneae
disappears without a trace
34. At birth, the following changes in circulation take place EXCEPT:
decrease in pressure in the pleural cavities
closure of the ductus venosus
closure of the ductus arteriosus
closure of the foramen ovale
relaxation of the thoracic diaphragm
35. The embryonic branchial arch arteries give origin to all of the following
postnatal structures EXCEPT:
arch of aorta
ligamentum arteriosum
pulmonary arteries
ascending aorta
common carotid arteries
36. The following are true statements with regard to the fetal circulation EXCEPT:
Since the fetal liver is a hemopoietic organ, it is large and well supplied with
oxygenated blood.
Fetal brain receives relatively pure arterial blood.
Fetal and maternal blood vessels anastomose in the placenta.
In early developmental stages, one pulmonary vein buds from the left atrium
of the heart.
Foramen primum of the interatrial septum closes after the formation of the
foramen secundum.
37. The following features of the adult human body represent remnants of fetal
circulation EXCEPT:
fossa ovalis of the heart
musculi pectinati of the atria
oblique vein of the left atrium
ligamentum arteriosum
ligamentum teres hepatis
38. Each of the following statements are correctly paired EXCEPT:
right vitelline vein - inferior vena cava
left vitelline vein - liver sinusoids
right anterior cardinal vein - part of superior vena cava
right umbilical vein - definitive umbilical vein
left sinus horn - coronary sinus
39. The blood vessels that carry relatively "pure" arterial blood during fetal
development are:
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava below liver
pulmonary artery
ascending aorta
40. The Tetralogy of Fallot includes the following defects of the heart:
aortic stenosis
dextroposition of the aorta
left ventricular hypertrophy
atrial septal defect
41. The following embryonic structures are involved in the formation of the
definitive right atrium EXCEPT:
primitive atrium
right sinus venosus
left sinus venosus
right sinus horn
left sinus horn
42. The Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by the following features EXCEPT:
stenosis of the pulmonary artery
interventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
hypertrophy of the left ventricle
43. Each of the following normally occurs during the neonatal period EXCEPT:
pressure decreases in the thoracic cavity
pressure increases in the left atrium
flattening of the alveolar epithelium of the lung
reversal of blood flow in the inferior vena cava
closure of the ductus venosus
44. During embryonic and fetal development:
venous blood from the caudal half of the body is returned by the posterior
cardinal veins
the pulmonary arteries carry essentially oxygenated blood
the prehepatic inferior vena cava carries essentially oxygenated blood
the umbilical arteries contain oxygenated blood
45. The heart is derived from:
ectoderm
endoderm
both
neither
46. Of the following, the one most closely associated with the common carotid
artery is:
umbilical vein
umbilical artery
vitelline vein
3rd aortic arch
6th aortic arch
47. Of the following, the one most closely associated with the ligamentum
arteriosum is:
umbilical vein
umbilical artery
vitelline vein
3rd aortic arch
6th aortic arch
48. The truncus ridges may fail to spiral resulting in transposition of the great
vessels.
true
false
49. In the normal fetal circulation, blood from the placenta bypasses the
sinusoidal plexus of the liver by way of the ductus venosus.
true
false
50. Abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery results from abnormal
obliteration of the right 7th intersegmental artery.
true
false
51. In aortic valvular atresia, blood passes into the aorta through a patent ductus
arteriosus.
true
false
52. The valve of the foramen ovale is formed by septum secundum.
true
false
53. The least serious clinical problems can be expected from which of the
following cardiac abnormalities?
patent ductus arteriosus
mitral valve stenosis
atrial septal defect
dextrocardia or right-sided heart
54. In tricuspid atresia, there is usually:
a patent foramen ovale
a ventricular septal defect
an underdeveloped right ventricle
hypertrophy of the left ventricle
all of the above are correct
55. Which of the following does NOT characterize atresia of the valve of the
pulmonary artery:
a patent foramen ovale is the only outlet for blood from the right side of the
heart
the right ventricle is markedly underdeveloped
a patent ductus arteriosus offers a route of blood flow to the lungs
there is an overriding aorta
56. The sinus venosus:
has a right horn which persists in the adult as the coronary sinus
has a left venous valve which develops into the valve of the coronary sinus
forms the smooth-walled portion of the adult right atrium
receives blood directly from the portal vein
57. In the development of the cardiovascular system:
angiogenic clusters appear in the yolk sac endoderm
the midline heart tube forms four chambers
the aortic arches develop in a caudal to cephalic sequence
the heart begins to beat around the 21st day
58. In the development of the heart, which is NOT correct:
the heart primordium is initially located in mesenchyme in front of the
prochordal plate
common cardinal veins empty into the sinus venosus
the interatrial septum is formed from endocardial cushions, septum primum
and septum secundum
only cardiac muscle contributes to the interventricular septum
59. Ostium secundum defect:
is characterized by a large opening between left and right atria
may be caused by excessive resorption of septum primum
may be caused by inadequate development of septum secundum
may be accompanied by intracardiac shunting of blood
all of the above are correct
60. In the development of the heart:
the coronary sinus is formed from the left horn of the sinus venosus
the oblique vein of the left atrium is formed from the left posterior cardinal
vein
the valve of the coronary sinus is formed from the left sinus valve
the valve of the inferior vena cava is formed from the left sinus valve
61. The Tetralogy of Fallot includes all of the following EXCEPT:
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
atrial septal defect
62. In normal fetal circulation:
the umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo
the foramen ovale shunts oxygenated blood from the left to the right side of
the heart
blood can enter the pulmonary circulation via the ductus arteriosus
blood from the placenta bypasses the sinusoidal plexus of the liver in the
ductus venosus
63. At birth, increased pressure in the left atrium is directly caused by:
closure of the foramen ovale
cessation of placental blood flow
closure of the ductus venosus
closure of the ductus arteriosus
64. Which of the following associations are correct?
patent ductus arteriosus - left 6th aortic arch
double aortic arch - right dorsal aorta
common carotid artery - 3rd aortic arch
double superior vena cava - left anterior cardinal vein
all of the above are correct
65. Partitioning of the atrium is accomplished by growth of:
septum primum
septum secundum
both
neither
66. Features of the Tetralogy of Fallot include:
interatrial septal defect
stenosis of the pulmonary artery
both
neither
67. Closure of the foramen primum results from fusion of the:
septum secundum and the fused endocardial cushions
septum secundum and the septum primum
septum primum and the fused endocardial cushions
septum primum and the septum spurium
septum primum and the sinoatrial valves
68. The most common type of cardiac septal defect is:
muscular type ventricular septal defect, or VSD
secundum type atrial septal defect, or ASD
membranous type VSD
primum type ASD
sinus venosus
69. Congenital heart disease is the most common cardiac condition in childhood
and most frequently results from:
maternal medication
mutant genes
rubella virus
fetal distress
genetic and environmental factors
70. The fetal left atrium is mainly derived from the:
primitive pulmonary vein
primitive atrium
right pulmonary vein
sinus venarum
sinus venosus
71. The fetal right atrium is mainly derived from:
primitive pulmonary vein
primitive atrium
right pulmonary vein
sinus venarum
sinus venosus
72. The most common congenital malformation of the great vessels is:
coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
patent ductus arteriosus
persistent left superior vena cava
pulmonary semilunar valve stenosis
73. The oblique vein of the left atrium is a remnant of the left common cardinal
vein.
true
false
74. The bulbar portion of the developing heart is incorporated such as to form
most of the left ventricle.
true
false
75. The conus of the heart forms infundibulum of the right ventricle and aortic
vestibule of the left ventricle.
true
false
76. The remnant of the first aortic arch artery is:
stapedial artery
internal carotid artery
maxillary artery
common carotid artery
the 1st arch artery regresses without remnants
77. The left brachiocephalic vein is derived from:
left anterior cardinal vein
left posterior cardinal vein
a shunt between left and right posterior cardinal veins
left horn of the sinus venosus
none of the above
78. The aortic sac:
is the area immediately distal to the ventricles
is connected to the dorsal aorta via the aortic arch arteries
is preserved as the region of the semilunar valves in the adult heart
is also known as the truncus arteriosus
none of the above
79. The crista terminalis is derived from:
right horn of the sinus venosus
left horn of the sinus venosus
primitive atrium
AV canal
right cusp of the valve of the sinus venosus
80. The membranous portion of the interventricular septum is formed by:
conal ridges
truncal ridges
endocardial cushions
septum primum
more than one of the above
81. The region of the atrioventricular canal develops into:
the semilunar valves
the atrial septum
the mitral and tricuspid valves
the base of the ventricle
the trabeculated portion of the right atrium
82. The myocardial layer of the heart tube develops from:
the endocardial tubes
dorsal mesocardium
cardiac jelly
splanchnic mesoderm
septum transversum
83. The cardiac jelly:
separates the endocardium from the myocardium
mediates interactions between endocardium and myocardium
resembles a thick basement membrane
becomes the subendocardial connective tissue layer of the heart
all of the above
84. The epicardium forms from:
the epimyocardial layer of the heart
dorsal mesocardium over the sinus venosus
cardiogenic plate mesoderm
the endocardium
none of the above
85. The arch of the azygos vein is derived from:
posterior cardinal vein
anterior cardinal vein
common cardinal vein
supracardinal vein
subcardinal vein
86. The second costal cartilage can be located by palpating the:
costal margin
sternal angle
sternal notch
sternoclavicular joint
xiphoid process
87. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed primarily by the anterior wall of
which heart chamber?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
88. A patient involved in an automobile accident presents with a sharp object
puncture of the middle of the sternum at about the level of the 4th or 5th
costal cartilage. If the object also penetrated pericardium and heart wall,
which heart chamber would most likely be damaged?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
89. A 23-year-old male injured in an industrial explosion was found to have
multiple small metal fragments in his thoracic cavity. Since the pericardium
was torn inferiorly, the surgeon began to explore for fragments in the
pericardial sac. Slipping her hand under the heart apex, she slid her fingers
upward and to the right within the sac until they were stopped by the
cul-de-sac formed by the pericardial reflection near the base of the heart. Her
fingertips were then in the:
coronary sinus
coronary sulcus
costomediastinal recess
oblique sinus
transverse sinus
90. A hand slipped behind the heart at its apex can be extended upwards until
stopped by a line of pericardial reflection that forms the:
Cardiac notch
Costomediastinal recess
Hilar reflection
Oblique pericardial sinus
Transverse pericardial sinus
91. The first rib articulates with the sternum in close proximity to the:
Nipple
Root of the lung
Sternal angle
Sternoclavicular joint
Xiphoid process
92. In cardiac surgery it is sometimes necessary to clamp off all arterial flow out of
the heart. This could be done within the pericardial sac by inserting the index
finger immediately behind the two great arteries and compressing them with
the thumb of the same hand. The index finger would have to be inserted into
which space?
Cardiac notch
Coronary sinus
Oblique pericardial sinus
Coronary sulcus
Transverse pericardial sinus
93. A needle inserted into the 9th intercostal space along the midaxillary line
would enter which space?
Cardiac notch
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Costomediastinal recess
Cupola
Oblique pericardial sinus
94. During a heart transplant procedure, the surgeon inserted his left index finger
through the transverse pericardial sinus, and then pulled forward on the two
large vessels lying ventral to his finger. Which vessels were these?
Pulmonary trunk and brachiocephalic trunk
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
Superior vena cava and aorta
Superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery
95. The pleural cavity near the cardiac notch is known as the:
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Costomediastinal recess
Cupola
Hilum
Pulmonary ligament
96. The main source of blood to the superficial palmar arterial arch is the:
Deep branch of the ulnar artery
Radial artery
Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
Ulnar artery
97. What arterial vessel accompanies the deep branch of the ulnar nerve across
the palm?
Deep palmar arterial arch
Radial
Radialis indicis
Superficial palmar arterial arch
Ulnar
98. Bleeding from a superficial cut in the middle of the palm of the hand near the
proximal transverse crease comes mainly from what vessel?
Princeps pollicis artery
Radial artery
Radialis indicis artery
Superficial palmar arch
Ulnar artery
99. The victim of multiple shrapnel wounds to the upper limb must have his
forearm amputated at midlength. Because of concomitant damage in the
patient's arm, the surgeon must ligate the main artery at some point. The best
chance of saving collateral circulation to the stump of the forearm would be
when the ligature is placed just below which of the following?
Beginning of brachial artery
Origin of the deep brachial artery
Origin of the superior ulnar collateral artery
Origin of the inferior ulnar collateral artery
Bifurcation of the brachial artery
100. In an industrial accident, the artery passing lateral to the pisiform bone is
cut. This artery is the
Deep palmar arch
Radial
Superficial palmar arch
Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
Ulnar
101. An open arterial anastomosis in the shoulder occurs between the
suprascapular artery and which other artery?
Anterior circumflex humeral
Circumflex scapular
Dorsal scapular
Thoracodorsal
Transverse cervical
102. A patient is found to have a melanoma (cancer arising in pigment cells)
originating in the skin of the left forearm. After removal of the tumor from the
forearm, all axillary lymph nodes lateral to the medial edge of the pectoralis
minor muscle are removed.
Which axillary lymph nodes would not be removed by this procedure?
Apical
Central
Lateral
Pectoral
Subscapular
103. You are attending an axillary lymph node dissection in a patient with a
melanoma in the upper limb. The surgeon says, "We are going to sample the
level II lymph nodes posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle." Having excelled
in anatomy, you realize that she is referring to the anatomical nodes known as
apical axillary nodes
central axillary nodes
lateral axillary nodes
lateral pectoral nodes
subscapular axillary nodes
104. Which of the following is not a direct branch of the axillary artery?
anterior circumflex humeral
posterior circumflex humeral
thoracoacromial
thoracodorsal
subscapular
105. If the second part of the axillary artery was interrupted, collateral blood
flow could pass from branches of the thyrocervical trunk into which artery?
Anterior humeral circumflex
Circumflex scapular
Deep brachial
 Posterior humeral circumflex
Thoracoacromial
106. In a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, which artery may be
injured?
Subscapular
Posterior humeral circumflex
Radial recurrent
Deep brachial
107. Due to the bleeding, the surgeon ligated (tied off) the suprascapular artery
as it crossed the top of the scapula. There was no concern however, as she
knew that direct collateral branches of which artery would supply the normal
distribution of the suprascapular artery.
anterior circumflex humeral
posterior circumflex humeral
scapular circumflex
subscapular
thoracodorsal
108. A person riding a mountain bike on a rustic trail hits a rut, the fork of the
bike breaks and the person is thrown into a tree, severely fracturing the upper
end of his humerus. During the repair the surgeon ties off the artery traveling
through the quadrangular space to stop the hemorrhage. Which artery did he
ligate?
dorsal scapular
posterior circumflex humeral
scapular circumflex
subscapular
suprascapular
109. A sixteen-year-old boy receives a superficial cut on the thumb side of his
forearm. The superficial vein most likely affected is the:
Basilic
Cephalic
Median antebrachial
Median cubital
Radial
110. A sixteen-year-old boy received a superficial cut on the ulnar side of his
forearm. The superficial vein most likely affected is the:
Basilic
Cephalic
Median antebrachial
Median cubital
Radial
111. A muscular patient who regularly lifts weights presents with pain and
weakness in his right upper limb that has been slowly developing over time.
His limb is cool and there is an obvious vascular insufficiency in his upper
 extremity. Subsequent tests show that a large vessel passing between the
anterior and middle scalene muscles is being occluded by hypertrophy
(enlargement) of the muscles due to the excercise. The artery involved is the:
axillary
brachial
brachiocephalic
subclavian
suprascapular
112. A stab wound just above the left clavicle, lateral to the sternocleidomastoid
muscle, may be life-threatening because of the possibility of injury to the:
Brachial plexus
Internal jugular vein
Axillary artery
Subclavian artery
Thoracic duct
113. A 60-year-old man with a previous history of right carotid endarterectomy,
comes to his physician complaining of light-headedness and dizziness
whenever he uses his right hand vigorously. He is diagnosed as having
subclavian steal syndrome due to an atherosclerotic plaque at the point where
his subclavian artery branches from the brachiocephalic trunk. The cerebral
insufficiency is the result of blood being stolen from which artery?
External carotid
Internal carotid
Middle cerebral
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral
114. Which statement is true of the internal jugular vein?
It drains all of the thyroid gland on that side of the body
It drains into the external jugular vein
It is accompanied by the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes
It lies deep to the prevertebral fascia
It passes superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
115. The femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa (becoming the popliteal
artery) by passing through the:
Adductor hiatus
Femoral canal
Femoral sheath
Femoral triangle
Saphenous opening
116. When the femur is fractured, the broken distal end often turns posteriorly
to enter the popliteal fossa due to muscle traction. Because of its position
deepest in the fossa, which structure is most vulnerable to laceration?
Common fibular n.
Lesser saphenous v.
 Popliteal a.
Popliteal v.
Tibial n.
117. During surgical repair of a popliteal artery aneurism, ligation of the femoral
artery at mid-thigh would not interrupt supply to the hamstring muscles
because the
Genicular anastomosis ensures blood supply to the posterior thigh
Cruciate anastomosis ensures blood supply to the posterior thigh
Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery supply the posterior thigh
Obturator artery supplies the posterior thigh
Anterior and posterior femoral circumflex arteries anastomose with the
inferior gluteal artery
118. The hamstrings muscles are supplied by branches of which artery?
Deep femoral
Fibular
Obturator
Pudendal
Superficial femoral
119. While on vacation in Florida following her final exams, a scuba diving
medical student is accidentally speared by her diving partner. The end of the
spear passes medial to lateral, posterior to the medial malleolus. It severs an
artery there, which is the:
anterior tibial
dorsalis pedis
fibular
medial plantar
posterior tibial
120. In a hunting accident, an arrow pierces the mid-calf of a hunter. A major
artery is lacerated in the posterior leg, and you notice that the sole of his foot
is cold and pale. The dorsum of the foot is warm and normally colored. The
artery that seems to be injured is the:
fibular artery
posterior tibial artery
femoral artery
popliteal artery
medial plantar artery
121. A patient has stepped on a board with a long nail sticking up from it, and
the nail penetrated the patient's foot between the bases of the first and
second metatarsals. What artery is most likely injured at this location?
arcuate
deep plantar
dorsalis pedis
lateral plantar
medial plantar
122. A construction worker lacerates the dorsum of his foot just below his ankle.
Profuse bleeding that occurs would result from cutting which vessel?
small saphenous vein
dorsalis pedis artery
medial plantar artery
anterior tibial artery
fibular artery
123. A medical student goes for a swim while on vacation in Florida after final
exams. A barracuda bites his foot, severing an artery on the dorsum of his
foot just below his ankle. Which artery has been severed?
Anterior tibial
Deep fibular
Deep plantar
Dorsalis pedis
Dorsal metatarsal
124. While performing a routine digital examination of the inguinal region in a
healthy teen-aged male, the physician felt a walnut-sized lump protruding
from the superficial inguinal ring. She correctly concluded that it was :
definitely an indirect inguinal hernia
possibly an unusual femoral hernia
definitely a direct inguinal hernia
possibly an enlarged superficial inguinal lymph node
either a direct or an indirect inguinal hernia
125. An emergency room patient presented with considerable bleeding from a
shallow stab wound in the omoclavicular triangle. Which vessel was most
likely cut?
Axillary vein
Common carotid artery
External jugular vein
Inferior thyroid vein
Superior thyroid artery
126. An 84-year old woman suffers a stroke, with paralysis on the right side of
her body. Neurological tests show that the intracerebral hemorrhage has
interrupted the blood supply to the posterior part of the frontal, the parietal and
medial portions of the temporal lobes of the left cerebral hemisphere. Which
vessel was involved?
Anterior cerebral artery
Great cerebral vein
Middle cerebral artery
Middle meningeal artery
Posterior cerebral artery
127. The surgical removal of a metastatic tumor in the infratemporal fossa
caused an intense hemorrhage. The surgeon clamped the main source of
arterial supply to the area, which is the:
 Internal carotid
Lingual
Maxillary
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal
128.