Definition of Terms - Pro Max

1.
A defined surface on an airport prepared or suitable for the landing or

Runway
takeoff of airplanes.
Landing
Pavement
Runway
Wearing Course
Jerk 2. The rate of change in acceleration (or less often, deceleration).
Jerk
Sprint
Jolt
Stutter
3. Time elapsed between the front bumper of one vehicle and the front
Time Headway
bumper of the following vehicle passing a given point.
Time Headway
Bumper Distance
Time Advanced
Space Headway
4. Roadside markers used to guide drivers through turns, especially at
Delineators
night or at times of poor visibility.
Guide Signs
Delineators
Rumble Strips
Traffic Lights
5. The maximum speed at which vehicles can continuously travel safely
Design Speed
under favorable conditions.
Maximum Speed
Design Speed
Speed Limit
Safe Speed
Ballast 6. Gravel used as the base below the track for rail.
Base Course
Aggregate
Subbase Course
Ballast
7. The layer of the pavement immediately below the binder course or
Base course
wearing course.
Subgrade
Subbase Course
Base course
Wearing Course
8. The materials excavated and thrown away which is no longer
Waste
necessary to form an embankment.
Borrow
Embankment
Fill
Waste
9. A dark brown to black cementitious material solid or semi-solid in
Asphalt consistency, in which the predominating constituent is bitumen which
occurs in nature as residue in refining petroleum.
Asphalt
Cut Back
Tack Coat
Cement
Sounding 10. Is the determination of water depth at a certain fixed point.
Stream Gaging
6/10th Method
Hydrographic Survey
Sounding
11. Is the art of making measurements of the flow of water in open
Stream Gaging
channels.
Stream Gaging
6/10th Method
Hydrographic Survey
Sounding
Stream 12. A current or steady flow of water running along the earth's surface.
Stream
Channel
Ocean
Canal
13. This word is a plural name of a Greek word which is originally
Stadia
applied in measuring distances for athletic contests.
Plumbus
Stadus
Stadia
Plumbub
Stadia Constant 14. The distance from the center of the instrument to the principal focus
Stadia Constant
Stadia Intercept
Stadia interval factor
Stadia Distance
Stadia Interval 15. The ratio of the focal length of the lens to the spacing between
Factor stadia hairs.
Stadia Constant
Stadia Interval Factor
Stadia Intercept
Stadia Distance
16. Is an extremely slow swing of the magnetic needle, periodic in
Secular Variation nature, extending over a very long period of time due to the shifting of
the earth's magnetic interior.
Magnetic Variation
Annual Variation
Magnetic Declination
Secular Variation
17. Difference in direction of a heavenly body as seen from the surface
Parallax
and from the center of the earth.
Magnetic Declination
Parallax
Lunar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse
18. It is the distance within which it is more economical to haul
Limit of
materials than to throw them as waste or beyond which it is more
Economical Haul
economical to borrow than to haul.
Overhaul Distance
Free haul Distance
Length of Overhaul
Limit of Economical Haul
19. The distance between the center of gravity of the mass of excavation
Length of
beyond the free haul mass and the center of gravity of the resulting
Overhaul
embankment minus the free haul distance.
Overhaul Distance
Free haul Distance
Length of Overhaul
Limit of Economical Haul
20. The process of widening, enlarging, clearing, or deepening of
Dredging
channels in harbors, rivers and canals.
Dredging
Quarrying
Deepening
Widening
Hydrographic 21. Refers to surveying streams, lakes, reservoirs, harbors, oceans, and
Survey other bodies of water.
Hydrologic Survey
Hydrographic Survey
Hydraulic Survey
Water Analysis
22. The maximum number of vehicles that pass a point on a highway
during a period of 60 consecutive minutes. This volume is used for
Peak Hour
functional classification of highways, geometric design standard
Volume
selection, capacity analysis, development of operational programs, and
development of parking regulations.
Peak Hour Volume
Peak Volume
Peak Capacity
60 minute Volume
23. The average of 24-hour traffic counts collected every day in the
Annual Average
year. These counts are used to estimate highway user revenues, compute
Daily Traffic
accident rates, and establish traffic volume trends.
Average Annual Daily Traffic
Annual Average Daily Traffic
Average Daily Traffic
Annual Daily Traffic
24. The average of 24-hour traffic counts collected over a number of
Average Daily days greater than one but less than a year, These counts are used for
Traffic planning of highway activities, measuring current traffic demand and
evaluating existing traffic flow,
Average Annual Daily Traffic
Annual Average Daily Traffic
Average Daily Traffic
Annual Daily Traffic
25. A measure of travel usage along a section of road. It is the product
of the volume (ADT) and the length of roadway in miles to which the
Vehicle Miles of
volume is applicable: This measure is used mainly as a base for
Travel
allocating resources for maintenance and improvement of highways and
to establish highway system usage trends.
Accident Per Million Entering Vehicles
Vehicle Miles of Travel
Length of Travel of Vehicles
Braking Distance
26. Minimum sight distance required on a two-lane, two-way highway
Passing Sight that willpermit a driver to complete a passing maneuver without
Distance colliding with an opposing vehicle and without cutting on the passed
vehicle.
Stopping Distance
Passing Sight Distance
Passing Distance
Stopping Sight Distance
Superelevation 27. The length of super elevation development from zero cross-slope to
Run-off full design super elevation in a circular curve alignment.
Superelevation Runout
Tangent Run-off
Superelevation Run-off
Tangent Runout
Breaking 28. Distance traveled by the vehicle after the application of the brakes
Distance until it will stop.
Breaking Distance
Stopping Distance
Collision Distance
Braking Distance
Passing Sight
29. The distance ahead that must be clear to permit safe passing
Distance
Stopping Distance
Passing Sight Distance
Passing Distance
Stopping Sight Distance
Both Skid
Resistance and 30. The ratio between parallel forces divided by the normal forces (in
Coefficient of banking of curves).
Friction
Skid Resistance
Coefficient of Friction
Both Skid Resistance and Coefficient of Friction
None of these
Volition Time 31. The time taken for final action.
Perception Time
Identification Time
Emotion Time
Volition Time
32. The time elapsed during emotional sensations and disturbance such
Emotion Time as fear, anger; or any other emotional feelings. with reference to the
situation:
Perception Time
Emotion Time
Reaction Time
Volition Time
2.5 sec 33. The reaction time to be used for road safety design.
2 sec
3 sec
2.5 sec
3.5 sec
34. The time taken from the instant the object is visible to the driver to
Reaction Time
the instant the brakes are effectively applied.
Perception Time
Emotion Time
Reaction Time
Volition Time
35. The time required for a driver to realize that brakes must be applied.
Perception Time It is the time from the instant the object comes on the line of sight of the
driver to the instant he realizes that the vehicle needs to be stopped.
Perception Time
Emotion Time
Identification Time
Volition Time
36. It is defined as the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a
Density section of roadway at a given instant time and is usually measured in
vehicles per mile or per km.
Capacity
Volume
Density
Flow
37. The number of vehicles moving in a specified direction on a given
Traffic Volume lane or roadway that pass a given point during specified unit time and is
usually expressed as vehicles per hour or vehicles per day.
Traffic Volume
Traffic Capacity
Traffic Density
Jam Density
Wakes 38. Waves formed by moving ships or boats are called:
Wakes
Ship Wave
Ripple
Sinusoidal
Tsunami 39. Waves formed by earthquake disturbances.
Seismic Wave
Earthquake Cracks
Tsunami
Tidal Wave
40. Waves formed by gravitational attraction between the moon and the
Tides
sun:
Tides
Seismic Wave
Tsunami
Gravity Wave
41. Waves under the influence of the winds that generated them are
Sea
called:
Tsunami
Tidal Wave
Wind wave
Sea
Diffraction 42, The spread of energy along a wave crest is called:
Reflection
Diffraction
Refraction
Dissipation
Refraction 43. The bending of waves as they slowdown is called:
Reflection
Diffraction
Refraction
Dissipation
44. Waves that have propagated beyond the initial winds that generated
Swell
them are called:
Swell
Fetch.
Final wave
After wave
Duration 45. The time that the wind blows across the water:
Blow time
Duration
Wind time
Water
46. The highest tide which occurs at intervals of half a lunar month
Spring tides
when the sun, moon and earth fall in line.
Higher high tide
Low tide
High tide
Spring tides
47. The lowest tide of the month when the lines connecting the earth
Neap Tides. with the sun and the moon forms a right triangle, that is when the moon
is in its quarter is called:
Spring tide
Diurnal Tide
High tide
Neap Tides.
Diurnal Tide 48. Tides that occur twice its lunar day is called: Semi-
Spring tide
High tide
Diurnal Tide
Neap Tides
49. The circulation of masses of air more or less parallel to the earth's
Wind
surface.
Wind
Tornado
Typhoon
Storm
50. The graphical representation of the direction, frequency and
Wind Rose intensity of winds at a particular location over a period of time is known
as:
Wind Rose
Weather
Climate
Wind Sampaguita
Beaufort's Scale 51. A scale use to measure the intensity and free of winds is called:
Beaufort's Scale
Coulomb's Scale
Richter's Scale
Newton's Scale
Higher high
52. The higher of the two high waters of any diurnal tide is called:
water
Super high water
Highest high water
Higher high water
High high water
Mean Range 53. The height of the mean high water above mean low water:*
High Range
Mean High Range
Mean Range
None of the above
54. The mean of the height of mean high water above the mean low
Mean Sea Level
water is referred to as:
Mean water height
Mean level
Mean Ocean level
Mean Sea Level
55. The tidal current setting into the bays and estuaries along the coast is
Flood Current
called:
Sea Current
Flood Current
Ocean current
Coast Current
56. The regular periodic rise and fall of the surface of the seas,
Tide
observable along their shores is called:
High Tide
Tide
Low Tide
Tidal Wave
57. The flow of seawater in the horizontal direction that accompanies a
Seiche
tidal variation of sea level and thus periodic:
Seiche
Braches
Breach
Serine
58. The straight line stretch of open water available for wave growth
Fetch
without interruption of land is called:
Fetch
Nursery
Booming
Development Length
59. The structure that protects. the harbor from stormy waves and
Breakwater
permits calm in the harbor:
Damage Water
Destruction water
Breakwater
Water shield
60. A solid structure which projects into the sea perpendicular to the
jetty
shore to berth vessels, is called:
Wharf
Pier
jetty
Port
61. A platform built parallel to the shore within the harbor to berth
Wharf
vessels is called:
Wharf
Pier
Jetty
Port
62. A platform built in the harbor parallel to the shore and backed up by
Quay
ground is called:
Wharf
Pier
Jetty
Quay
Pier 63. A berth structure projecting out from the shoreline:
Wharf
Jetty
Pier
Quay
64. A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It
Port
includes the harbor with its approach channels and anchorage places:
Wharf
Jetty
Pier
Port
65. A shore protection structure usually built perpendicular to the
Groin
coastline to retard littoral transport of sedimentary materials.
Grime
Girth
Groin
Grange
66. Deep ground water deposits where underground water are available
Aquifers
for water supply and irrigation is known as:
Well
Water table
Aquifers
Phreatic table
67. In a fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and
Laminar
the paths of individual particles do not cross, the flow is said to be.
Laminar
Semi
Turbulent
None of the above
68. A condition of flow characterized when fluid particles move in very
Turbulent irregular paths, causing an exchange of momentum for portion of the
liquid to another is.
Laminar
Semi
Turbulent
None of the above
69. A principle of flow measurement which states that the increase in
Bernoulli
kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the decrease in the potential
Principle
energy per unit weight, is known as:
Bernoulli Principle
Torricelli Law
Energy
Paul's Law
70. "The theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid issuing out of an orifice
Torricelli Law under a head of h being equal to the velocity of a free-falling body
dropping through a height of h" is known as:
Bernoulli Principle
Torricelli Law
Energy
Paul's Law
71. The difference between the hydraulic grade line and energy grade
Velocity Head
line is.
Velocity Head
Energy head
Pressure head
Hydraulic head
Critical flow 72. A type of open channel flow where the Froude Number is equal to 1.
Critical flow
Supercritical flow
Subcritical flow
Normal Flow
73. It defined as a conduit in which the liquid flows with a free surface
Open channel
subjected to atmosphere pressure. The flow is caused by the slope of the
flow
conduit and the liquid surface:
Free flow
Open channel flow
Atmospheric flow
Close pipe flow
74. It is an overflow structure built across an open channel for the
Weir
purpose of measuring or controlling the flow.
Orifice
Wire
Weir
Orifierce
Hydrometer 75. Is the test used to determine the grain size distribution of the soils
Analysis passing the No. 200 sieve.
Hydrometer Analysis
Sieve Analysis
Size Analysis
Soil Analysis
Hazen's Effective 76. It is the grain size corresponding to 10 percent passing on a grain-
Size size distribution curve.
Hazen's Effective Size
Paul's Effective Size
Darcy's Effective Size
William's Effective Size
77. Is the ratio of the difference between the void ratios of a
Relative density cohesionless soil in its loosest state and existing natural state to the
difference between its void ratio in the loosest and densest states
Relative Strength
Suitability
Relative density
Voidibility
78. Provides a means of describing the degree and kind of cohesion and
Soil Consistency adhesion between the soil particles as related to the resistance of the soil
to deform or rupture.
Relative Strength
Soil Suitability
Relative Density
Soil Consistency
Rupture 79. It is a field measure of the ability of the soil to withstand an applied
Resistance stress or pressure as applied using the thumb and forefinger.
Fingering Resistance
Rupture Resistance
Thumb Resistance
None of the Above
80. Is the attraction of one water molecule to another resulting from
Cohesion
hydrogen bonding (water-water bond),
Adhesion
Cohesion
Interhesion
Intrahesion
81. It involves the attraction of a water molecule to a non-water
Adhesion
molecule (water-solid bond).
Adhesion
Cohesion
Interhesion
Intrahesion
82. The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects. It is estimated at
Stickiness moisture content that displays maximum adherence between thumb and
forefinger.
Adhesion
Stickiness
Cohesion
Bonding
83. Degree a soil can be molded or reworked causing permanent
Plasticity
deformation without rupturing.
Plastic limit
Shrinkage Limit
Plasticity
Liquid limit
84. Is defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as
Liquid limit
a liquid material and begins to flow.
Plastic limit
Shrinkage Limit
Plasticity
Liquid limit
85. Is defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as
Plastic limit a plastic material: It is also defined as the moisture content at which the
soil crumbles when rolled into a thread of 3.18 mm in diameter.
Plastic limit
Plasticity.
Shrinkage Limit
Liquid limit
86. Is defined as the moisture content at which no further volume
Shrinkage Limit
change occurs with further reduction in moisture content.
Plastic limit
Plasticity
Shrinkage Limit
Liquid limit
87. Is the densification of soil by removal of air, which requires
Compaction
mechanical energy.
Compaction
Shrinkage
Densification
Consolidation
Optimum 88. The moisture content at which the maximum dry unit weight of soil
Moisture Content is attained
Extreme Moisture Content
Mega Moisture Content
Maximum Moisture Content
Optimum Moisture Content
89. It is a technique for in situ densification of thick layers of loose
Vibroflotation
granular soil deposits.
Compaction
Vibroflotation
Densification
Vibration
90. Is a line along which water particle will travel from upstream to the
Flow line
downstream side in the permeable soil medium.
Level line
Particle line
Flow line
Travel line
Equipotential
91. A line along which the potential head at all points are equal.
Line
Equipotential Line
Equinormal line
Potential line
NOTA
92. They are constructed to calculate the groundwater flow in the media
Flow Nets
that combine flow line and equipotential lines.
Fish Net
Flow Nets
Ground Flow Net
Velocity net
93. The sum of the vertical components of the forces developed at the
Effective Stress points of contact of the solid particles per unit cross sectional area of the
soil mass.
Total Stress
Partial Stress
Effective Stress
Maximum Stress
Immediate 94. Caused by the elastic deformation of dry soil and of moist and
settlement saturated soils without any change in the moisture content.
Immediate settlement
Primary consolidation settlement
Secondary consolidation settlement
Tertiary Consolidation settlement
Primary
95. The result of volume change in saturated cohesive soils because of
consolidation
the expulsion of water that occupies the void spaces.
settlement
Immediate settlement
Secondary
consolidation 96. The result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics.
settlement
Immediate. settlement
97. The internal resistance per unit area of the soil mass to resist failure
Shear strength
and sliding along any plane.
Shear strength
Effective strength
Bearing strength
Normal strength
Overconsoldation 98. Ratio of preconsolidation pressure to present effective overburden
ratio (OCR) pressure.
Overconsoldation ratio (OCR)
Oversettlement ratio
Overburden ratio
Overstress ratio
Unrestrained 99. An exposed ground surface that stands at an angle with the
Slope horizontal. It is slope that can either be natural or constructed.
Restrained Slope
Slope Failure
Unrestrained Slope
Infinite Slope
Subsurface 100. The process of identifying the layers of deposits that underlie a
Exploration proposed structure and their physical characteristics:
Geological exploration
Geotechnical Exploration
Surface Exploration
Subsurface Exploration
101. It is a method for analyzing the stability of a slope in two
dimensions. The sliding mass above the failure surface is divided into a
number of slices. The forces acting on each slice are obtained by
Method of Slices
considering the mechanical equilibrium for the slice surface is divided
into a number of slices. The forces acting on each slice are obtained by
considering the mechanical equilibrium for the slices.
Method of Slices
Bishop's Simplified Method of Slices
Sarma Method
Lorimer's Method
102. It is a type of failure occurs in a such a way that the surface of
Base Failure
sliding passes at a distance below the toe of the slope.
Slope failure
Base Failure
Circular Failure
critical Failure
103. it is a type of failure occurs in a such a way that the surface of
Slope failure
sliding intersects the slope or above its toe.
Slope failure
Circular Failure
Base Failure
Critical Failure
104. It is the failure circle in the case of slope and occurred when it
Toe Circle
passes through the toe of the slope.
Toe Circle
Slope Circle
Mid-point Circle
Concentric Circle
105. It is the failure circle in the case of slope circle and occurred when
Slope Circle
it passes above the toe of the slope
Toe Circle
Mid-point Circle
Slope Circle
Concentric Circle
Mid-point Circle 106. It is the failure circle in the case of base failure.
Toe Circle
Mid-point Circle
Slope Circle
Concentric Circle
Plastic 107. It refers to the condition in which every point in a soil mass is on
Equilibrium the verge of failure,
Plastic Equilibrium
Elastic Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium
Static Equilibrium
108. It is the pressure that soil exerts against a structure in a sideways,
mainly horizontal direction. The common applications of its theory are
Lateral Earth
for the design of ground engineering structures such as retaining walls,
Pressure
basements, tunnels, and to determine the friction on the sides of deep
foundations.
Allowable pressure
Effective Pressure
Lateral Earth Pressure
Ultimate Pressure
109. The state occurs when a soil mass is allowed to relax or move
outward to the point of reaching the limiting strength of the soil; that is,
Active State
the soil is at the failure condition in extension. Thus it is the minimum
lateral soil pressure that may be exerted.
Active State
Passive State
Equilibrium State
NOTA
110. It is simply an enlargement of a load bearing wall or column that
Spread Footing makes it possible to spread the load of the structure over the large area
of the soil.
Spread Footing
Pile and Drilled Shaft Foundation
Mat Foundation
Deep Foundation
111. It is a structural member made of concrete, timber, or steel that
Pile
transmit the load of the superstructure to the lower layers of the soil.
Footing
Pile
Anchorage
Column
112: It is a type of foundation which is referred to as a raft foundation:
Mat Foundation It is a combined footing that may cover entire area under structure
supporting several columns and walls,
Spread Footing
Mat Foundation
Pile and Drilled Shaft Foundation
Deep Foundation
113. He was the first to present a comprehensive theory for evaluating
Terzaghi
the ultimate bearing capacity of rough shallow foundation. According to
his theory the depth of the foundation is shallow if the depth of the
foundation is less than or equal to the width of the foundation.
Rankine
Terzaghi
Coulomb
Meyorhof
114. He proposed a correlation for the net allowable bearing pressure
Meyorhof
for foundation with the standard penetration resistance.
Rankine
Terzaghi
Coulomb
Meyorhof
115. It is type of retaining wall which are constructed with plain
Gravity concrete or stone masonry. They depend on their own weight and ay
Retaining Wall soil resting on the masonry for stability and it is not economical for high
walls.
Gravity Retaining Wall
Cantilever Retaining Wall
Semi-Gravity retaining Wall
Counterfort Retaining Wall
Cantilever 116. They are made up of reinforced concrete that consist of a thin stem
Retaining Wall and a base slab. This type of wall is economical to a height about 8m.
Counterfort 117. It is similar to Cantilever Retaining Wall; its purpose is to reduce
Retaining Wall the shear and the bending moments.
Degree Of 118. It is defined as the ratio of the unconfined compression strength in
Sensitivity undisturbed state to that in a remolded state.
Degree Of Saturation
Degree Of Freedom
Degree Of Sensitivity
Degree Of Compressibility
119. It is another method of determining liquid limit that is popular in
Fall Cone Test Europe and in Asia. In this test the liquid limit is defined as the
moisture content at which a standard cone of apex angle 300 and weigh
0.78 N will penetrate a distance d=20 mm in 5 seconds when allowed to
drop from a position of point contact with the soil surface.
Fall Cone Test
Standard Cone Test
British Standard Test
Europe Cone Test
120. It is that unit tensile stress at which the stress-strain curve exhibits
Yield Stress
a well-defined increase in strain without an increase in stress.
Tensile Strength
Yield Stress
Elastic Stress
Rupture Strength
Tensile Strength 121. The largest unit stress that the material achieves in a tension test.
Tensile Strength
Elastic Stress
Yield Stress
Rupture Strength
Modulus of 122. The slope of the initial straight-line portion of the stress-strain
Elasticity diagram.
Shear Modulus
Poison's Ratio
Modulus of Elasticity
Weldability
123. The ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain during the initial
Shear Modulus
elastic behavior.
Shear Modulus
Poisson’s Ratio
Weldability
Poisson’s Ratio 124. The ratio of the transverse strain to the longitudinal strain
Shear Modulus
Poisson’s Ratio
Weldability
125. The ability of steel to be welded without changing its basic
Weldability
mechanical properties.
Shear Modulus
Poisson’s Ratio
Weldability
126. The ability of the material to undergo large inelastic deformation
Ductility
without fracture.
Ductility
Resilience
Malleability
Toughness
127. It is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed
elastically, and release that energy upon unloading. Its modulus can be
Resilience
calculated by integrating the stress-strain curve from zero to the elastic
limit.
Ductility
Resilience
Malleability
Toughness
128. It is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically
deform without fracturing. One of its definition is the amount of energy
Toughness per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. It is also
defined as the material’s resistance to fracture when stressed. It requires
a balance of strength and ductility.
Ductility
Resilience
Malleability
Toughness
129. Property of a material which makes it return to its original
Elasticity
dimension when the load is remove
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
130. The characteristics of a material by which it undergoes inelastic
Plasticity
strains beyond the strain at the elastic limit.
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
131. Happens when large deformations occur in a ductile material
Plastic Flow
which is loaded into the plastic region.
Elastic Flow
Plastic Flow
Strain Hardening
Malleability
Homogeneous 132. Materials having the same composition at any point.
Isotropic
Composite
Prismatic
Homogeneous
Isotropic 133. Materials having the same properties in all directions.
Isotropic
Composite
Prismatic
Homogeneous
Aeolotropic 134. Materials that has its properties different in various directions.
Orthotropic
Aeolotropic
Homogeneous
Isotropic
135. The composite material exhibits elastic properties in one direction
Orthotropic
different from that in the perpendicular direction.
Orthotropic
Anisotropic
Aeolotropic
Isotropic
136. It is the strengthening of a material by plastic deformation. This
Strain Hardening strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements and dislocation
generation within the crystal structure of the material.
Elastic Flow
Plastic Flow
Strain Hardening
Crystallization
137.a. Strains developed in addition when materials are loaded for a
Creep
long period of time.
Creep
Relaxation
Deflection
Deformation
137.b. Strains developed when the material is loaded multiple times at a
Fatigue
stress below its elastic limit.
Fatigue
Relaxation
Deflection
Deformation
Proportional 138. The term for the value above which the stress is no longer
limit proportional to the strain.
Proportional limit
Rupture Stress
Plastic Range
Elastic Range
139. It is the point through which the resultant of the resistance to the
Center of rigidity
applied lateral force acts.
Shear wall
Eccentricity
Center of mass
Center of rigidity
Center of mass 140. It is the point through which the applied lateral force acts.
Shear wall
Eccentricity
Center of mass
Center of rigidity
1. In demolition safety, this control is characterized by ensuring
Elimination
separation between the public and the demolition activities.
Isolation
Substitution
Elimination
Engineering Control
2. Which control is demonstrated by the use of power shears, in place of
Substitution
grinding or oxy-acetylene cutting, where there is a risk of fire?
Isolation
Substitution
Elimination
Engineering Control
Engineering 3. Installation of scaffolds, platforms, guardrails, shoring and bracing to
Control support loads are examples of this type of risk control.
Substitution
Administrative Control
Elimination
Engineering Control
4. This type of risk control includes limiting the amount of time a
Administrative
person is exposed to a particular hazard, implementing safe working
Control
procedures for all hazardous tasks, and training all personnel.
Substitution
Administrative Control
Elimination
Engineering Control
5. Primary cause of accident that is characterized by the human action
Unsafe Act that departs from a standard or written job procedure or common
practice, safety rules, regulations, or instructions.
Unsafe Act
Safety Hazard
Unsafe Condition
Health Hazard
6. The physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the
Unsafe Condition environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or
destruction to property or other forms of losses.
Unsafe Act
Safety Hazard
Unsafe Condition
Health Hazard
7. A risk associated with poorly guarded or dangerous equipment and
Safety Hazard
machinery that may cause injury.
Unsafe Act
Safety Hazard
Unsafe Condition
Health Hazard
8. A risk associated with exposure to dangerous substance or conditions
Health Hazard
that may cause illness/disease.
Unsafe Act
Safety Hazard
Unsafe Condition
Health Hazard
9. An engineering control or PPE set that protect you after you fall
Fall arrest system which is characterized by stopping the fall before you hit the surface
like net/mesh and/or body harness.
Fall alert system
Fall arrest system
Fall-proof system
Fall protection system
Fall protection 10. An engineering control or set of PPEs prevents you from falling like
system guardrails, covers, restraints, etc.
Fall alert system
Fall arrest system
Fall-proof system
Fall protection system
Job hazard 11. A formal process to identify the dangers of specific job tasks in
analysis order to reduce the risk of injury to workers. It involves breaking down
the steps of performing a job, identifying hazards at each step, and
creating controls to keep workers safe while performing that task.
OSH
Job hazard analysis
HIRAC
Risk management
12. A formal process to identify potential hazards related to an activity
HIRAC or operation, analyze the level of risk associated with those hazards, and
propose controls to reduce the level of risks.
OSH
Job hazard analysis
HIRAC
Risk management
13. This is the vertical member of shoring and timbering which directly
Sheathing
resists pressure from side of an excavation.
Strut
Sheathing
Wale
Toeboard
14. It is the longitudinal member of shoring and timbering which
Wale
directly resists pressure from sheathing.
Strut
Sheathing
Wale
Toeboard
15. It is the transverse member of shoring and timbering which directly
Strut
resists pressure from sheathing or wales.
Strut
Sheathing
Wale
Toeboard
16. A general term used to describe a temporary structure of timber or
metal work with a platform used in the construction, alteration, or
Scaffolds demolition of a building, or other maintenance work used to support
workers or to allow the hoisting and lowering of workers, their tools,
and materials.
Scaffolds
Double scaffold
Single scaffold
Suspended scaffold
Suspended 17. A scaffold hanging by means of ropes or chains capable of being
scaffold lowered or raised by winch, pulley, block, or such other means.
Scaffolds
Double scaffold
Single scaffold
Suspended scaffold
18. A platform supported by a single row of uprights or standards tied
along the wall, connected horizontally by a ledger, and supporting
Single scaffold
putlogs which rests on ledger on one side and in holes left in walls on
the other.
Scaffolds
Double scaffold
Single scaffold
Suspended scaffold
19. A platform supported on two rows of uprights or standards parallel
Double scaffold to the wall of a building connected by horizontal ledgers and is
independent from the building wall.
Scaffolds
Double scaffold
Single scaffold
Suspended scaffold
20. It is the vertical member of scaffold transmitting the load to the
Standard/Upright
ground or to a base plate.
Brace
Ledger/Stringer
Putlogs/Bearer
Standard/Upright
21. A scaffold bracing, which extends horizontally from standard to
Ledger/Stringer standard forming right angles with the putlogs and forms a tie between
the standards.
Brace
Ledger/Stringer
Putlogs/Bearer
Standard/Upright
22. A scaffold member spanning between a ledger and a building wall
Putlogs/Bearer
or between two ledgers upon which the platform rests.
Brace
Ledger/Stringer
Putlogs/Bearer
Standard/Upright
23. A scaffold member that holds standards or uprights in a fixed
Brace
position to prevent any lateral movement.
Brace
Ledger/Stringer
Putlogs/Bearer
Standard/Upright
Structural metal 24. What scaffolding materials shall be used at heights over 20 meters?
Huge logs
Structural timber
Structural metal
Advanced treated timber
25. In the OSH standard, workrooms shall be at least how many meters
2.7
in height from the floor to the ceiling?
3.3
2.7
3
2.4
26. Where the rooms are air-conditioned, and the process allows free
2.4 movement; existing heights of not less than how many meters may be
allowed?
3.3
2.7
3
2.4
27. The maximum number of persons employed in a workroom area
11.5
shall not exceed one person per how many cubic meters?
13.5
11.5
12.5
10.5
For maximum number of persons employed in a workroom area, what is
3 the maximum height that shall be considered in the volume
computations.
3.5
2.7
2.5
3
29. The minimum width of passageways between machinery or
0.6
equipment should not be less than how many meters?
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.6
30. According to the OSH standard, standard railings shall be at least
1 how many meters from the floor level to the upper surface of the top
rail.
1.3
1.1
1.2
1
2.0 m 31. What is the maximum spacing of posts in a standard railing?
5.0 m
3.0 m
4.0 m
2.0 m
32. For pipe railings, the top rails and posts of metal pipes should be at
30 mm
least how many millimeters in diameter?
40 mm
30 mm
35 mm
25 mm
33. All stairs, platform, and landings shall be of sufficient strength to
4 sustain safely a live load of not less than 490 kg/m2 with what factor of
safety?
5
3
4
2
34. According to OSH standards, this shall be the minimum width of
1.1
stairs (including handrails).
1.2
1
1.1
0.9
0.9 35. This is the minimum width of stairs without the handrails.
1.2
1
1.1
0.9
36. Which of the following stairway slope (H:V) fits the criteria defined
1.5:1
in the OSH standards for stair pitch?
1:1
2:1
1.5:1
2.5:1
37. Which of the following pitch (in degrees) qualifies for ramp
Between 30-38
installation?
Between 30-38
Between 20-25
Between 20-28
Between 30-35
3.6 m 38. What is the maximum clear height between stairway landings?
3.9 m
3.3 m
3.6 m
3.0 m
39. According to OSH standard, headroom shall be provided at all
2.0 m points in the stairwell, what is the minimum vertical clearance from the
top of the tread in line with the face of the riser?
4.0 m
2.0 m
3.0 m
1.0 m
40. This is the minimum dimension of treads (exclusive of nosing and
25 cm
projections).
35 cm
25 cm
30 cm
20 cm
20 cm 41. The riser should have a maximum height of how many meters?
35 cm
25 cm
30 cm
20 cm
90° 42. What is the maximum pitch (slope) for a fixed ladder?
60°
80°
70°
90°
43. For a fixed ladder used to ascend height of more than 9 meters,
6 landing platform shall be provided for each ____ meters or fraction
thereof.
6
4
5
8
44. In excavation safety, adequate shoring and timbering to prevent
1 collapse shall be provided for excavation of depth more than how many
meters?
0.75
0.9
0.85
1
45. Adequate shoring and timbering to prevent collapse shall be
all of the above
provided for excavation depth of over 1.0 meter except:
excavation cut in solid rock
excavation in which workers are not required to enter
excavation with walls sloped to 45° or at angle of repose
all of the above
Over 6.6 meters 46. At what excavation depth should the services of a Structural
deep engineer for the design of the excavation be required?
Over 4.0 meters deep
47. Tools or materials shall be kept a minimum of how many meters
1 away from the edge of the excavation to prevent them being knocked
down into the excavation?
1
2.5
1.5
3
No vehicle or other machinery shall be driven, operated or located near
"1/3"
the edge of an excavation at least a distance _____ of its depth.
"1/2"
"1/4"
"1/3"
"3/4"
Ingress and 49. Open excavation of over 1 m. deep shall be provided with what in
egress case of flooding or collapse of the excavation work?
Drain
Water supply
Ventilation
Ingress and egress
Every excavation shall have at least one ladder for every how many
16.6
meters of length or fraction thereof of a length?
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.8
51. The ladder provided as ingress/egress in an excavation shall extend
0.83 m at least how many meters above the top of the excavation to provide a
firm handhold when stepping on or off the ladder?
0.50 m
0.83 m
0.72 m
1.00 m
52. Timber/bamboo scaffoldings shall be limited to a height of how
20 m
many meters from the ground or base?
25 m
15 m
20 m
10 m
53. In the construction of timber scaffolds, the size of the standard shall
not be less than 8.9 cm. (3 in.) in diameter or its equivalent and when it
0.60 m
is necessary to extend a standard, the overlaps shall not be less than how
many meters?
0.50 m
0.80 m
0.60 m
0.90 m
In scaffolds platform for other types of workers and tools excluding
painters, decorators, and similar types of workers, when the platform is
50 cm
not more than 2 m. (6 ft.) above the ground floor, what is the minimum
width of the platform?
60 cm
40 cm
50 cm
30 cm
54. In scaffolds platform for painters, decorators, and similar types of
30 cm workers, when the platform is not more than 2 m. (6 ft.) above the
ground floor, what is the minimum width of the platform?
60 cm
40 cm
50 cm
30 cm
For platforms used by men, tools, materials, and vehicles that is more
1.5 m than two 2 m. (6 ft.) above the ground or floor, the minimum platform
width is:
2.0 m
1.2 m
1.5 m
1.0 m
55. For platforms used by men, tools, and materials that is more than
1.0 m two 2 m. (6 ft.) above the ground or floor, the minimum platform width
is:
2.0 m
1.2 m
1.8 m
1.0 m
56. Fall protection equipment shall be required when working at what
2.0 m
minimum height?
2.0 m
4.0 m
3.0 m
5.0 m
57. At what height shall workers be required to use fall arrest
Over 10 m
equipment?
Over 10 m
Over 14 m
Over 12 m
Over 16 m
58. In a pitch of more than 45°, what should be provided instead of
Fixed ladder
stairs?
Portalift
Steep ramp
Elevator
Fixed ladder
59. Which of the following are not included in HIRAC process? I.
None of the
Classify work activities II. Identify hazard III. Conduct risk assessment
above
IV. Decide if risk is tolerable and apply control measures
I only
IV only
II only
None of the above
60. Which of the process includes calculation of likelihood of
occurrence and severity of the hazard? I. Classify work activities II.
III
Identify hazard III. Conduct risk assessment IV. Decide if risk is
tolerable and apply control measures
I
III
II
IV
Republic Act no. 1. An act strengthening compliance with occupational safety and health
11058 (OSH) standards and providing penalties for violations thereof.
DOLE Department Order no. 198, s. 2018
Republic Act no. 11508
2. Otherwise known as the Labor Code of the Philippines. This policy
Presidential issuance institutes consolidates labor and social laws to afford
Decree no. 442 protection to labor, promote employment and human resources
development and insure industrial peace based on social justice.
Presidential Decree no. 344
Presidential Decree no. 442
DOLE
3. This policy issuance defines and enumerates the implementing rules
Department
and regulations of the act strengthening compliance with OSH
Order no. 198, s.
standards.
2018
Department of
4. This entity is responsible for the conduct of continuing studies and
Labor and
research to develop innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for
Employment
dealing with occupational safety and health problems.
(DOLE)
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
DOLE Secretary
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
DPWH Secretary
5. This entity shall set and enforce mandatory occupational safety and
DOLE Secretary health standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health
hazards in all workplaces.
DOLE Secretary
DPWH Secretary
6. This entity may collect reasonable fees for the inspection of steam
boilers, pressure vessels and pipings and electrical installations, the test
DOLE Secretary and approval for safe use of materials, equipment and other safety
devices and the approval of plans for such materials, equipment, and
devices.
DOLE Secretary
DPWH Secretary
Department of
7. This entity shall be solely responsible for the administration and
Labor and
enforcement of OSH laws, regulations and standards in all
Employment
establishments and workplaces.
(DOLE)
DOLE Secretary
DPWH Secretary
8. A qualified Safety Officer 4 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE
to perform and/or render consultative services on Occupational Safety
OSH Consultant
and health in at least two (2) fields of specialization ask determined by
DOLE.
OSH Consultant
OSH Practitioner
OSH Personnel
First-Aider
9. Any person trained and duly certified to administer first aid by the
First-Aider Philippine Red Cross or any organization authorized by DOLE
Secretary.
OSH Consultant
OSH Practitioner
OSH Personnel
First-Aider
10. A qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or physician engaged by the
OSH Personnel employer to provide occupational health services in the establishment,
project, site, or workplace.
OSH Consultant
OSH Practitioner
OSH Personnel
First-Aider
11. A qualified Safety Officer 3 or its equivalent, duly certified by
OSH Practitioner DOLE to render Occupational Safety and health services in a defined
and specific scope or core competency.
OSH Consultant
OSH Practitioner
OSH Personnel
First-Aider
12. A regular and critical examination of project sites, safety programs,
Safety and health
records, and management performance on program standards on safety
audit
and health conducted by the safety officer.
Safety and health committee
Safety and health audit
Safety and health program
OSH standards
13. A set of rules issued by DOLE which mandates the adoption and use
of appropriate practices, means, methods operations or processes, and
OSH standards
working conditions reasonably necessary to ensure safe and healthful
employment.
OSH standards
14. A set of detailed rules to govern company policies, processes, and
Safety and health practices in all economic activities to conform with OSH standards,
program including the personnel responsible, and penalties for any violation
thereof.
OSH standards
15. A body created within the workplace tasked with the authority to
Safety and health plan, develop and implement OSH policies and programs, monitor, and
committee evaluate the OSH program, and inspect and investigate all aspects of the
work pertaining to the safety and health of workers.
OSH standards
16. A workplace where there is low level of danger or exposure to
Low-risk
safety and health hazards and not likely or with low probability to result
establishment
in accident, harm or injury, or illness.
Covered workplace
Medium-risk establishment
Low-risk establishment
High-risk establishment
17. Establishments, projects sites, and all other places where work is
Covered being undertaken wherein the number of employees, nature of
workplace operations, and the risks or hazards involved in the business required
compliance with the provisions of RA 11058.
Covered workplace
18. A workplace, like construction sites, wherein the presence of hazard
or potential hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or
health of workers not only within but also persons outside the premises
High-risk
of the workplace. There is a high level of exposure to safety and health
establishment
hazards, and probability of a major accident resulting to disability or
death, or major illness is likely to occur if no preventive or control
measures are in place.
Covered workplace
19. A workplace where there is moderate exposure to safety and health
Medium-risk
hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness, if no
establishment
preventive or control measures are in place.
Covered workplace
20. Specialized clothing or equipment designed to protect workers
Personal
against safety and health hazards that may cause serious workplace
protective
injuries and illness, i.e., protection for the body, eyes, head, face, hands,
equipment
feet, ears, etc.
Personnel protective gear
Personnel protective equipment
Personal protective gear
Personal protective equipment
L^2 / 2000 21. Formula for area of safety design.
L^2 / 2000
L^2 / 3000
L^2 / 1000
L^2 / 2500
White 22. What color should be used to direct traffic in the workplace?
Red
White
Orange
Green
23. What color should be used for safety signs relating to fire protection
Red
and combustion warning?
Red
White
Orange
Green
24. What color should be used for alert to designate dangerous parts of
Orange
machines or energized equipment which may cause injury/hazard?
Red
White
Orange
Green
Safety Officer 31. Who should be the secretary of the OSH committee?
Employer
Safety Officer
Foreman
Project Engineer
32. If an OSH committee was to be formed, who will act as the
Employer
chairperson?
Employer
Safety Officer
Foreman
Project Engineer
The total number of days lost or charged per million employee hours of
Severity Rate
exposure.
Severity Rate
Incidence Rate
Accident Rate
Frequency Rate
The total number of disabling injuries per million employee hours of
Frequency Rate
exposure.
Severity Rate
Incidence Rate
Accident Rate
Frequency Rate
The total number of hours worked by all employees in each
establishment including employees of operating production,
Exposure
maintenance, transportation, electrical, administrative, sales and other
departments.
Exposure
Accident Rate
Work hours
Charged days
Number of workdays lost for every case of occupational injury resulting
Average
to temporary incapacity. It is also the ratio of the severity rate to the
Workdays Lost
frequency rate.
Average Workdays Lost
Incidence Rate
Accident Rate
Frequency Rate
Number of cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost per 1,000
Incidence Rate
workers.
Severity Rate
Incidence Rate
Accident Rate
Frequency Rate
Mean 1. Expected number of production
Mean
Standard Deviation
Reliability
Variance
2. When inside the building , one may notice unusual sounds and change in the
Temperature
building. What causes these events
Temperature
Ductitility
Atoms
Ions
All normal curves
are bell-shaped 3. Which of the following are True Statements?
and symmetric
All symmetric histograms have single peaks
All symmetric bell-shaped curves are normal
All normal curves are bell-shaped and symmetric
All of the above
2000 4. What is the ideal capacity of the roud in vehicles per hour?
2000
1400
1800
1700
5. The process of providing the required water and maintaining a favorable
curing
temperature for a period of time after placing concrete is referred to as;
curing
screeding
troweling
finishing
6. Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind across the water surface.
Gravity waves
This is a process of transferring energy from wind to water. Water particles are
moved from their position by the wind, and then returned to the original
position by gravity, which is a restoring force. These waves are called:
Deep Water waves
Significant waves
Gravity waves
Equivalent Depth Water waves
7. An application of hot bitumen material given to the old surface to provide
Tack coat
adhesion to the old and new road surface is referred to as:
Tack coat
Seal coat
Prime coat
Surface Dressing
inner side of outer 8. When train passes on curves, which have no super-elevation, it will give
rail thrust on the:
outside of outer rail
outside of inner rail
inner side of outer rail
inner side of inner rail
9. Which of the following are true procedures in measuring zenith angle: I.
I, II, III Level the instrument II. Direct sight with horizontal cross hair III. Read and
record rhe direct vertical angle IV. Reverse sight with the horizontal cross hair.
I, II
I, II, III
I, III
All of the above
10. What are the procedures used to position the vertical crosshair so that it
will lie in a plane perpendicular to the horizontal axis: I. Check the level of the
instrument II. Sight the telescope on some sharply-defined point at a certain
All of the above
distance. III. Clamp both horizontal motion tangent screw, move the line of
sight up and down. IV. The vertical crosshair should remain exactly on the
point, if so, the objective has been made.
I, II
I, IV
I, II, III
All of the above
Slump Test 11. How do you test the relative consistency of concrete?
Slump Test
Water-Cement Ratio
Aggregate-Cement Ratio
All of the above
Batching 12. Most important process to prepare concrete:
Water-Cement Ratio
Batching
Admixture
Cement-aggregate Ratio
All of the above 13. Ways to avoiding traffic conflicts:
Time-sharing solutions
Space-sharing solution
Grade separation solutions
All of the above
14. Wearing way of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregated
Raveling particles and binder. This is usually a result of insufficient asphalt binder in the
mix of stripping of asphalt from particles of aggregate.
Joint or crack spalling
Flushing
Bleeding
Raveling
15. Cracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline. These
Transverse
may be caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt
cracking
concrete or maybe reflective cracks.
Alligator cracking
Block cracking
Transverse cracking
Longitudinal cracking
16. Owing to retardation of the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force, as
the earth revolves daily around its axis and as the tide tends to follow the
direction of the moon, the highest tide for each location is not coincident with
Age of Tides
conjunction and opposition but occurs at some constant time after new and full
moon. This interval which may not amount to as much as two and a half days
is known as:
Age of Tides
Lunar Tide
Diurnal Tide
Semi-Diurnal Tide
17. _____ are written instructions detailing how the facility is to be
Specifications
constructed.
Specifications
Estimates
Bid documents
Plans
18. _____ is the difference between the actual travel time and a given segment
Delay
of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for that segment
Queue Time
Travel Time
Delay
Service Time
19. _____ Inform and advise road users of directions, distances, routes, the
Guide Signs
location of services for road users and points of interest.
Cross Road Sign
Guide Signs
Advance Direction Signs
Traffic Instruction Signs
20. This is done to level a floor or layer of concrete with straight edge using a
Screeding
back and forth motion while moving across the surface.
Troweling
Screeding
Floating
Finishing
21. The provision of safety sight distance depends on the characteristics of the
I, II, III road environment such as: I. Road Geometry II. Road Surface III. Road
Illumination at night IV. Road Topography
I, II
I, II, III
I, IV
All of the above
22. One of the provisions of safety sight distance depends on the
characteristics of the vehicle which are as follows: I. Type of vehicles, car or
All of the above
truck II. Friction between the tire and road III. Eye height of the driver IV.
Speed of vehicle
I only
II and III only
IV only
All of the above
The point is
reached at which 23. In the measures of congestion of highway capacity, what will happen as
speeds declines the density continues continues to increase?
noticeably
Minimum rate flow is eventually reached
Increase speeds at reduce flow rate
The point is reached at which speeds declines noticeably
Running speed and traffic flow is minimum
24. A wave generated in deep water, when reaching shoaling waters, changes
Remain constant
not only in its height but also in its length but the period will ______
Remain constant
Increase
Decrease
None of the above
25. Players A and B match pennies N times. They keep a tally of their gains
[N n]/ 2^N and losses. After the first toss, what is the chance that at no time during the
game will they be even?
[N n]/ 2N
[N n]/ 2n
[N n]/ 2^N
[N n]/ 2
26. When directly generated and affected by local winds, a wind wave system
Wind Sea
is called ______
Wind Seiching
Wind Swell
Wind Wakes
Wind Sea
27. What is the process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates and
Batching
additives prior to mixing concrete called?
Paving
Mixing
Batching
Curing
28. A maximum wave height and maximum period of the maximum wave
Highest wave
height in wave train.
Deep water wave
Equivalent depth water wave height
Highest wave
Significant wave
29. Device mounted on a fixed support or portable support whereby a specific
Traffic Signs message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the
purpose of regulating, warning, or guarding traffic.
Roadwork signs
Overhead signs
Traffic Signs
Special Instruction Signs
Contours on the
ground can cross 30. Which is not a characteristics of contour
another
Contours on the ground can cross another
Contours are at right angles to the slope
Contour on the ground closes itself
Contours point upstream
Rectangle 31. What is the standard sign shape which is generally used for guide signs?
Triangle
Rectangle
Circle
Square
32. What percentage of the tide of the water level which is safe to ships depth
98
of berth?
88
98
92
95
33. Which of the following are the true procedures in measuring zenith angle:
I, II, IV I. Level the instrument II. Direct sight with vertical cross hair III. Reverse
sight with vertical cross hair IV. Read and record to reversed vertical angle
I, II
I, III
All of the above
I, II, IV
34. It is the maximum number of vehicles which have a reasonable expectation
Road Capacity of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction or in
both directions during one hour under prevailing road and traffic conditions.
Flow Capacity
Road Capacity
Density
Free flow
35. Warn road users of condition on or adjacent to the road that may be
Warning signs
unexpected or hazardous.
Roadwork signs
Warning signs
Traffic signs
Guide signs
36. The maximum sustained 15 min. rate of flow, expressed in passenger cars
Capacity per hour per lane, which can be accommodated by a uniform freeway segment
under prevailing traffic and roadway conditions in one direction.
Capacity
Free flow
Density
Design hourly volume
Sea 37. Waves under the influence of the winds that generated them are called:
Wakes
Sea
Swell
Seiching
38. This type of control on the object on the job site is commonly identified as
Horizontal Control
primary, secondary, and working.
Horizontal Control
Referencing Control
Monumental Control
Vertical Control
39. It is the maximum numbers of vehicles, passengers, or the like, which can
Volume be accomodated by agiven facility or system under a given condition at a given
level of service.
Volume
Traffic Flow
Density
Capacity
40. Waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the crest exceed
Breaking waves the velocity of propagation of the wave itself. In deep water, this normally
occurs when the wave velocity is less than 7 times the wave height.
Deep Water waves
Significant waves
Gravity waves
Breaking waves
41. It is the primary consideration in the design of geometric cross sections for
Drainage
highways, runways, and taxi ways.
Pedestrian
Runway
Drainage
Trains
Steepness 42. The ratio of the wave height to its wave length is called____.
Steepness
Slope
Height
Stability
Mean Lower Low
43. What is the meaning of MLLW?
Water
Mean Lower Low Water
Median Lower Low Water
Mean Low Lower Water
Median Low Lower Water
Conjugate 44. Two angles whose sum is 360 degrees
Conjugate
Compliment
Supplement
Reflection
45. They are normally parabolas centered about the point of intersection of the
Vertical Curve
vertical tangents they join.
Grade
Elevation
Vertical Tangent
Vertical Curve
46. What is the least number of links that must be disengaged from a 23-link
4 chain so that any number of links from 1 to 23 can be obtained by taking one
or more of the pieces?
2
1
4
5
Fairway 47. An open water of navigable depth is called ______.
Significant Depth
Skewd
Fairway
Shoal
48. This is a type of thermoplastic lane marking design to aid and provide
Rumble strips
motorist with visual, audio, and motion warning on the road.
Chevron markings
Painted Median
Rumble strips
Diagonal Markings
49. It informs and advise road users of directions, distances, routes, the
Guide sign
location of services for road users and points of interest.
Traffic sign
Regulatory sign
Guide sign
Warning sign
50. Any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coast line and
Pier includes any stage, stair landing place, landing state jetty, floating barge or
pontoon any bridge or other wokrs of concrete therewith.
Pier
Port
Wharf
Lighthouse
51. Messages when painted on pavement should be limited to how many
3 or less
words only.
5 or less
4 or less
3 or less
6 or less
center line 52. Which of the following is not a type of pavement and curb marking?
Longitudinal lines
Transverse lines
other lines
center line
53. Wave at a point where the water depth is equal to 1/2 the wavelength or
Deep water wave
greater to be expressed in terms of the parameter of significant waves.
Deep water wave
Highest wave
Significant wave
Equivalent deep water wave
54. The deign of overtaking lanes and climbing lanes requires the
All of the above consideration of the following: I. Initial diverge taper II. Auxiliary lane length
III. End or merge taper
I, II
I, III
II, III
All of the above
Decrease in
1. What would happen if the ground water table will be at the ground level?
Vertical Pressure
Increase in Vertical Pressure
Decrease in Vertical Pressure
Vertical Pressure remains constant
NOTA
2. A line joining the points of highest elevation of water in a series of vertical
Hydraulic Gradient open pipes rising from a pipeline in which water flows under pressure is
referred to as:
Hydraulic Gradient
Hydraulic Jump
Hydraulic Head
Hydraulic Loss
3. A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or
Water Hammer
change direction suddenly is referred to in hydraulic as:
Water Hammer
Potential Head
Hydraulic Jump
Hydrodynamics
Effect of load to 4. One of the following foundation conditions does not affect foundation
the foundations settlement.
Plasticity of the Soil.
Depth of founfing footings
Position of ground water table
Effect of load to the foundations
5. When at any instant, the number of particles passing every section of the
Steady
stream are always equal, the flow is said to be _______.
Steady
Continuous
Uniform
Turbulent
6. The fraction of soils passing which sieve number is used for Atterberg
40
Limits of tests of soils?
40
30
50
60
High Shear
7. One of the following is not a characteristic of cohesionless soils:
Strength
Easy to compact
High Shear Strength
Practically Impermeable
Prone to Settlement under vibratory load
Degree of 8. The ratio between the volume of the water and the volume of the voids in a
Saturation soil mass is referred to as
Porosity
Water content
Void ratio
Degree of Saturation
9. The ratio between the volume of voids and the total volume of the soil mass
Porosity
is referred to as
Porosity
Water content
Void ratio
4 10. Water has a maximum unit weight at a temperature of (in degrees) ______
0
4
100
32
11. The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted undiminished to all
Pascal
portions of the liquid. The principle of mechanics is attributed to:
Bernoulli
Archimedes
Pascal
Boyle
12. In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained
Bernoulli
is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:
Bernoulli
Archimedes
Pascal
Boyle
0.074 13. The largest grain size that passes a no. 200 sieve (in mm) is ______
0.074
0.02
0.064
0.0054
14. When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are
Turbulent irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated
network, the flow is called:
Turbulent
Continuous
Laminar
Uniform
15. A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unfined compression
24-48
strength in kPa is between:
0-24
48-96
96-192
24-48
16. According to USCS soil classification of a soil particle whose size is
cobbles
greater than 75 mm is called _______
cobbles
gravel
rock
sand
17. The NSCP provides that the slope of fill surface shall be no steeper than is
1 is to 2
safe for its intended use and shall not be steeper than:
1 is to 1
1 is to 2
1.5 is to 2
1 is to 3
Shear 18. Soil derives its strength from its capacity to resist
Tension
Compression
Shear
Torsion
NOTA 19. Which of the following is not a component of the soil mass?
Gas
Organic Matter
Minerals
NOTA
20. The component of shear strength of a rock or soil that interparticle friction
Cohesion
is called ______
Plasticity
Skin friction
Adhesion
Cohesion
21. In accordance with the USCS, which are considered coarse grained if the
50%
passing thru No. sieve is less than
30%
40%
50%
60%
NOTA 22. One of the following conditions does not affect foundation settlement.
Plasticity of the Soil.
Depth of founfing footings
Position of ground water table
NOTA
23. A process by which water-saturated soil sediment temporarily lose strength
Liquefaction
and acts as a fluid
Consolidation
Plasticity
Settlement
Liquefaction
24. If with steady flow in any length or reach of a stream, the average velocity
Uniform
at every cross-section is the same in that reach, the flow is said to be:
Continuous
Laminar
Steady
Uniform
Discharge 25. The volume of a liquid passing a cross-section of a stream
Discharge
Permeability
Flow
Capillary
26. If the discharge passing a given cross-section of a stress is constant with
Steady
time, the flow at that section is called _____
Continuous
Laminar
Steady
Uniform
27. Determine the value of surface tension at normal room temperature (in
0.064
N/m)
0.064
0.075
0.086
0.092
28. It is a soil whose present effective overburden pressure is less than which
Over consolidated
the soil experianced in the past.
Over consolidated
Normally consolidated
Under consolidated
Unconsolidated
Decrese in lateral
29. What happens when there is a loweing of water table?
pressure
Decrese in lateral pressure
Increase in lateral pressure
constant lateral pressure
NOTA
30. Ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids in a given volume of
Water content
soil.
Void ratio
Water content
Porosity
Story drift 1. It is the displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.
Fatigue
Creep
Sidesway
Story drift
Torsional Shear
2. Occurs when the center of mass and rigidity do not coincide
Stress
Fatigue
Creep
Torsional Shear Stress
Story drift
3. If the structure is subjected to a cycle of stresses and ______, it causes the
Fatigue
beam to have sudden ultimate failiure.
Fatigue
Creep
Torsional Shear Stress
Story drift
4. If the structure is subjected to a load for a long period of time, it will
Creep
continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs.
Fatigue
Creep
Plasticity
Resonance
5. A condition that when there is already a permanent deformation, it continues
Plasticity
to deform when a minimal laod is applied beyond the elastic range.
Fatigue
Creep
Plasticity
Resonance
6. Refers to the large amplitude vibration of an object or system when given
Resonance
impulses at its natural frequency.
Fatigue
Creep
Plasticity
Resonance
Magnitude of
7. It is measured by the Richter Scale
Earthquake
Ground acceleration
Intensity of observed effects
Magnitude of Earthquake
Resonance
Actual
8. It is measured by a Seismometer
Displacement
Reference Points
Attenuation
Components of ground motion
Actual Displacement
Focal Depth 9. Besides the epicenter, it decribes the location of the earthquake.
Geologic Formation
Focal Depth
Fault Line
Dip Angle
10. The material has the same composition at every point but the elasticity may
Homogenous
not be the same in all directions.
Isotropic
Homogenous
Prismatic
Orthotropic
A sudden drop in
the Shear Strength 11. Liquefaction is best described as:
of a soil.
A sudden drop in the Shear Strength of a soil.
A decreae in the Pore Water pressure of a soil
An increase in the Bearing Capacity of a soil.
An increase in the Effective stress of a soil.
Reciprocal of
12. Which refers to the rigidity of a structure?
Deflection
Deflection
Reciprocal of Deflection
Product of Stiffness and Deflection
Reciprocal of Stiffness
13. It is the point through which the resultant of the resistance to the applied
Center of Rigidity
lateral force acts.
Center of Mass
Center of Gravity
Center of Rigidity
In-Plane offset
Center of Mass 14. It is the point through whivh the applied Seismic force acts.
Center of Mass
Center of Gravity
Center of Rigidity
In-Plane offset
Reciprocal of
15. It refers to the flexibility of a structure.
Stiffness
Reciprocal of Stiffness
Reciprocal of Deflection
Reciprocal of Rigidity
Static Deflection
16. One in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the
Soft story
story above is called
Story displacement
Soft story
Lateral Drift
Story Drift
17. A lateral displacement of one level relative of the level above or below is
Lateral Drift
called ____
Story displacement
Soft story
Lateral Drift
Story Drift
Ground
18. Which of the following is measured by a seismometer?
Displacement
Reference Points
Ground Displacement
Intensity
Focal Depth
Yielding 19. The material deforms considerably even with the slight increase in stress
Yielding
Strain hardening
Fracture
Breaking
Elasticity 20. The material regains its original dimensions when the load is removed
Resistance
Buckling
Plasticity
Elasticity
Ductility 21. The material deforms in the Plastic Range without breaking.
Elongtation
Ductility
Resilience
Stiffness
Inverse of
22. Which of the following refers to the flexibility of a structure?
Stiffness
Composite Stiffness
Rigidity
Inverse of Stiffness
Static Deflection
Eccentricity 23. It is the distance between the center of rigidity and center of mass.
Deflection
Drift
Pitch
Eccentricity
Toughness 24. The material has the ability to absorbe energy in the Plastic Range.
Toughness
Brittleness
Resilience
Ductility
Resilience 25. The material has the ability to absorbe energy in the Elastic Range.
Toughness
Brittleness
Resilience
Ductility
Ductility 26. The material has the ability to defuse the plastic range without breaking.
Toughness
Brittleness
Resilience
Ductility
Homogenous 27. Which material has the same composition at any point
Isotropic
Plastic
Homogenous
Orthotropic
Pre Tensioning 28. Stressing high strength steel wires before concrete hardens.
Post Tensioning
Creep
Pre Tensioning
Relaxation
29. Stressing high strength steel wires after the concrete has been cast and has
Post Tensioning
attained sufficient strength.
Post Tensioning
Creep
Pre Tensioning
Relaxation
30. Loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is held
Relaxation
at a constant strain.
Post Tensioning
Creep
Pre Tensioning
Relaxation
Dynamic 31. Which terms refers to the force generated by a body in motion?
Impulse
Impact
Dynamic
Static
Homogenous 32. Materials which have the same composittion at any point are described as
Homogenous
Isotropic
Aleotropic
Orthotropic
33. Which property of a material enables it to undergo large permanent strains
Ductility
before failure
Ductility
Proportional Limit
Strain hardening
Creep
Kinetic Friction 34. What do you call the retarding force acting opposite a body in motion
Inertia
Dynamic
Static Friction
Kinetic Friction
35. Which structtural member has a ratio of its unsupported height to its least
Column lateral dimension of not less than 3 and is used primarily to support Axial
Load?
Pedestal
Column
Deep Beam
Corbel
36. What do you call the force which determines whether the body will be in
Resultant
equilibrium or will have a varying state of motion.
Equilibrium
Resultant
Momentum
Impulse
37. Identify the principle used in equations related to the deformation of
Hooke's Law axially loaded materials where the stress is proportional to the strain within the
Elastic Region.
Hooke's Law
Young's Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
St. Venant's Principle
Poisson's Ratio axially loaded materials where in the deformation of axially loaded members,
the ratio of the lateral to the longitudinal strain is constant.
Hooke's Law
Young's Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Young's Modulus axially loaded materials where within the elastic range, it is the constant of
proportionality that defines the linear relationship between stresses and strain.
Hooke's Law
Young's Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Static 40. Which term refers to the force generated by a body at rest?
Impact
Impulse
Dynamic
Static
1. A structure whose primary purpose is to prevent lateral movement of earth
Retaining Wall
or some other material.
Retaining Wall
Semi-Gravity Retaining Wall
Semi-Gravity
2. A gravity wall that has been given a wider base to increase stability.
Retaining Wall
Extended Gravity Retaining Wall
Semi-Gravity Retaining Wall
Widened Gravity Retaining Wall
T-Shaped 3. The most common cantilever wall where the weight of the backfill
Retaining Wall contribute to its stability.
T-Shaped Retaining Wall
L-Shaped Retaining Wall
4. A stability analysis procedure where the soil that formed the slope is
Mass Procedure assumed to be homogenous and the mass of soil above the surface of sliding is
taken as a unit.
Method of Slices
Bishop's Method of Slices
Mass Procedure
Unit Method
5. The phenomenon in which the slope collapses abruptly as a result of the
Slope Failure weakened self-retain ability of the soil usually due to rainfall, earthquake and
other similar natural forces.
Slope Failure
Base Failure
Mid-point Failure
Toe Failure
12.5 6. What is the unit weight of dry air at standard tempereature and pressure?
10.6
15.2
11.4
12.5
7. A flow in which the velocity of the fluid at a particular fixed point does not
Steady change with time?
Continuous
Uniform
Steady
Laminar
8. A pile of sand keeps from spreading out like a liquid because the weight of
tjesand keeps the grains stuck together in their current arrangement, mostly
effective stress out of static friction. This weight and pressure is called ______
Adhesion
Cohesion
internal friction
effective stress
cohesion 9. Which component of rock or soil is independent of interparticle friction?
cohesion
adhesion
plasticity
skin friction
10. According to USCS, what do you call a soil grain with size greater than
gravel 4.75 mm but less than 75 mm?
rock
boulder
cobbles
gravel
11. According to USCS, what do you call a soil grain with size greater than 19
coarse gravel mm but less than 75 mm?
coarse gravel
sands
cobbles
fine gravel
12. Minimum K value vertical curve should be selected on the bases of three
controlling factors: I. Sight distance is a requirement in all situations for driver
safety II. Apprearance for low fill and flat topography III. Riding comfort is a
general requirement with specific need on approaches to a floodway where
the length of depression needs to be minimized. IV. Vertical alignment should
I, II, III fit into the natural terrain earthwork balances.
I, II, III
I, III, IV
I, II, IV
II, III, IV
13. The warrant for the use of safety barriers can be established considering:
I. Front slope or back slope nose and height II. Unforgiving hazards within the
All of the above clear zone III. Water hazards within the clear zone
I only
II and III only
I and III
All of the above
14. It is described as the amount of time for vehicles to travel trhough a
system at a determined progression speed. This is an outcome of the signal
timing that is determined by the offsests between intersections and alloted
Operational Speed green time for a coordinated phase at each intersection.
Design Speed
Green Time
Operational Speed
Moving Speed
This type of leveling is used to determine the differences in elevation
Profile Leveling between points of designtaed short measured intervals.
Short Leveling
Profile Leveling
Quick Leveling
Interval Leveling
It is the highest over-all speed at which a driver can travel on a given highway
Bandwidth under favorable weather and under prevailing conditions.
Sped
Bandwidth
Design Speed
Running Speed
It is the factor added to the height of a dam to account for the uncertainties
Freeboard in the wave and water depth
Freeboard
Height
Trench
Depth
It is defined as a a line tangent to the local velocity at all points at its length of
Streamline flow.
Streamline
Velocity Line
Potential Line
Discharge
It is the intersection of the plane of the earth's equator and the celestial
Celestial Equator sphere.
Horizon
Celestial Equator
Equator
Declination
Horizon It is the plane tangent to the earth's surface at the observer's position.
Equator
Horizon
Latitude
Longitude
Zenith It is a point vertically above the observer on the celestial sphere.
Nadir
Horizon
Zenith
Azimuth
An estimate of the maximum expected lateral force that will occur due to
Base Shear seismic ground motion at the base of a structure.
Base Shear
Lateral Shear
Lateral Drift
Base Motion
A point at a particular storey as the location of application of the lateral load
Center of Rigidity at that point will not produce rotation of that storey.
Center of Mass
Center of Rigidity
Center of Storey
Center of Base
Center of Mass A point representing the mean position of the matter in a body system.
Center of Mass
Center of Geometry
Center of Storey
Center of Rigidity
A continuous curve representing the accumulated volume of earthwork
Mass Diagram plotted against the linear profile of a roadway or air.
Fill Curve
Cut Diagram
Mass Diagram
Fill Diagram
The bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of
Plate Line Capacity the bucket sides.
Bucket Volume
Plate Line Capacity
Struck Capacity
Side Capacity
Struck Capacity The bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush with the bucket sides.
Bucket Volume
Plate Line Capacity
Struck Capacity
Heap Volume
The maximum volume that can be placed in the bucket without spillage based
Heap Volume on a specified angle of repose for the material in the bucket.
Bucket Volume
Plate Line Capacity
Struck Capacity
Heap Volume
Backhoe An excavator designed primarily for excavation below grade
Backhoe
Fronthoe
Bucket
Scoop
It is the time by which the completion of an activity can be delayed without
Free Float affecting the start of succeeding activities.
Total Float
Intercepting Float
Interval Float
Free Float
This alternative statistical approach to the distribution of strength particularly
brittle materials, was developed by a Swedish Engineer. It defines that the
survival probability as the fraction of identiacal samples of volume that
Weibull's survive after application of the stress.
Weibull's
Cavendish'
Strottman's
Poission's
Shoulder paving is a valuable method of providing: I. Integrity of the
pavement II. Width to place edgeline pavement marking III. Additional safety
to prevent vehivle skidding or driver's losing control in gravel IV. Low
All of the above maintenance cost compared with unpaved shoulders.
I, II, IV
II, III, IV
I, II, III
All of the above
It shows the sequence and interdependence of activities of a project in
Network diagrammatic form by using standard symbols.
Network
PERT-CPM
CPM
Arrows
It is an identifiable, quantifiable, measurable, costable, and discrete lowest
level element of work, which must be performed during the course of a
Activity project in order to achieve the project mission.
Activity
Diagram
Project
Schedule
It is the state that marks the completion of a preceding activity and the
beginning of the succedding one. It has no duration and represents only a
Event single point in time.
Node
Activity
Project
Event
It is a superimposed activity, which does not represent any specific operation
Dummy Activity or process. It has zero duration and consumes no resources.
Ghost Activity
Cost Cutting Activity
Present Activity
Dummy Activity
Interface event A key event common to two or more subnetworks.
Interface event
Present Event
Future even
Past event
It gives the time within the event must take place if the project is to be
Slack completed on schedule
Duration
Critical Time
Slack
Length of Time
Optimistic,
Pessimistic, Most The three time estimates that will be used to determine the expected activity
Likely duration.
Optimistic, Pessimistic, Most Likely
Early, Late, On-time
Upper, Lower, Middle
NOTA
In order to evaluate uncertainty in project time, the originators of the PERT
assumed that the means of distribution of critical activities, lying on a critical
Normal path, follow what distribution?
Poisson
Normal
Exponential
Binomial
CPM is activity-
oriented and PERT
is event oriented Which of the following is true?
CPM is activity-oriented and PERT is event oriented
CPM is event-oriented and PERT is activity-oriented
CPM and PERT are activity-oriented
CPM and PERT are event-oriented
Material Standards These are standards that define the properties of a material
Material Standards
Property Standards
Specified Standards
Standards
Product Standards The requirement of a specific product
Material Standards
Property Standards
Specifications
Product Standards
Workmanship
Standards Standards for installing materials, products, and systems
Workmanship Standards
Product Standards
Quality Standards
Detailed Standards
Test Method These standards spell out acceptable criteria for testing materials and
Standards systems.
Test Method Standards
Testing Standards
Quality Standards
Detailed Standards
These constitute that portion of the written requirements for a building
Specifications construction project that are contained in the divisions of a project manual.
Specifications
Plans
Details
Standards
It presents a database that includes design data, drawings, specifications,
materials, and system parameters, and life cycle data, for all various
disciplines involved in a project and relates those data to each other and to
BIM the project as a whole to present an overall view of the project.
BIM
Internet of Things
Specifications and Detailed Plans
Data bank
For slab-on-grade construction, some preparation must be made to the
subgrade, depending on the type of soil and other conditions encountered at
the site. At least, the area beneath the slab must be cleared and grubbed and
Be leveled with unsuitable soils, such as topsoil, must be removed. Which of the following are
the ground surface not expected of ground-supported slabs?
Provide the necessary bearing capacity for slab support
Control ground moisture
Establish the proper slab elevation
Be leveled with the ground surface
To determine the sustainability of a building, it is necessary to assess the
None of the effect of the building on the environment during its entire life cycle. Which of
choices the following is not a factor that must be addressed?
Life cycle of each materials
Client's attitude and resources
None of the choices
Opportunities available to provide for sustainability in the building
Admixtures are materials other than Portland cement, aggregates and water
that are added to concrete either immediately before or during its mixing to
alter the properties of the concrete in a variety of ways. They can be used to:
I. Improve workability II. Reduce separation of coarse and fine aggregates III.
Entrain air IV. Accelerate or retard setting and hardening V. Decreases the
I, II, III, IV need for additional water
II , III, IV, V
I, II, III, IV
I, III, IV, V
All of the above
Accessories These are used to support structural steel and to make splices in it.
Wires
Cables
Plates
Accessories
NOTA Which of the following is not a means for transporation of concrete?
Chutes
Push buggies
Buckets handled by cranes
NOTA
It is pneumatically placed concrete, used primarily for swimming pools and
other in-ground and aboveground free-form structures and for repairing
Shotcrete damaged concrete.
Chutes
Shotcrete
Pressue Concrete
Excrete
To use maximum
amount of Concrete should be compacted by a method appropriate the material and its
concrete location. Which of the following is not a reason to perform such activity?
Eliminate stone pockets and large air bubbles
To use maximum amount of concrete
Consolidate each layer with that previously placed
Completely embed reinforcing and fixtures
The purpose of floating is to: I. Embed large aggregate just beneath the
surface II. Remove slight imperfections, humps, and voids to produce a level
or plane surface III. Consolidate mortar at the surface in preparation for other
All of the above finishing operations IV. Open the surface to permit excess moisture to escape
I, II, IV
I, II, III
II, III, IV
All of the above
The type of foundation that distributes a buildings load directly to a sufficient
Spread Footing area of soil to obtain adequate bearing capacity
Spread Footing
Mat Foundation
Combined Footing
Piles
The type of foundation transmits a building's loads though soils that have
Piles inadequate bearring capacity.
Spread Footing
Mat Foundation
Combined Footing
Piles
An appearance of a powdrey material on the surface of a newly hardened
Dusting conrete slab
Raveling
Dusting
Hairing
Shinkage
Occurrence of numerous fine hair cracks in the surface of a newly hardened
Crazing slab due to surface shrinkage.
Raveling
Dusting
Cracking
Crazing
The breaking away of the hardened concrete surface of a slab to a depth of
Scaling about 1/6 to 3/16 inches.
Scaling
Dusting
Cracking
Crazing
Which of the following are not included in site characteristics that may affect
History of the design and construction of slabs on grade, building foundation, and site
Earthquakes improvements?
History of Earthquakes
Underlying Soil types and properties
Moisture conditions
None of the choices
The rough and final grades on a building site are established by which process
Grading using a combination of power equipment and hand tools.
Finishing
Raveling
Grading
Balancing
Hardness It is a measure of a material's ability to resist indentation or penetration
Hardness
Toughness
Resilience
Ductility
Fatigue Resistance It is a measure of a material's ability to withstand cyclic stresses.
Hardness
Fatigue Resistance
Resilience
Toughness
It is a measure of a material's ability to dissipate or deaden mechanical
Damping Capacity vibration.
Fatigue Resistance
Damping Capacity
Resilience
Toughness
Supported These are platforms supported by legs, outrigger, beams, brackets, poles,
Scaffolds uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid support.
Suspended Scaffolds
Supported Scaffolds
Single Scaffolds
Double Scaffolds
It is a multidisciplinary activity that assembles information on people's
capabilities and applies that information in designing jobs, products,
Ergonomics workplaces and equipment.
Safety Design
Ergonomics
Industrial Engineering
Management
In work environment monitoring, it is the measurement of a particular
Personal sampling worker's exposure to airborne contaminants.
Personal sampling
Distributed sampling
Random sampling
Air sampling
In work environment monitoring, it is the measurement of contaminant in the
Air sampling workroom
Personal sampling
Random sampling
Air sampling
In work environment monitoring, it is the measurement of changes on the
Biological composition of body fluids, tissues, expired air to determine absorption of a
sampling potentially hazardous material.
Personal sampling
Biological sampling
Air sampling
These are a variety of devices and garments designed to observe as a barrier
PPE between workers and workplace hazards.
PPE
Barrier
Equipment
Protection
Disabling Severity
Rate It is the number of days lost per 1,000,000 employee-hours exposure.
Disabling Severity Rate
Severity Rate
Failure Rate
Injury Rate
It refers to a daily meeting among workers and their respective supervisors
for the purpose of instruction and discussion and proper breifing on the
planned work, assessment of past work, the possibility or actual occurrence
of accidents at the site, tips and suggestions on how to prevent possible
Toolbox Meeting accidents and other related means.
Management Meeting
Toolbox Meeting
Site Meeting
Site Briefing
What office is responsible for zoning of their respective jurisdictions and final
All of the above land use and zoning planes to be submitted to HLURB for approval.
Municipal Planning and Development Office
City Planning and Development Office
Provincial Planning and Development Office
All of the above
An open country roads with no blind corners not closely bordered by
80 kph habitation, the maximum speed for passenger cars and motorcycles is
80 kph
60 kph
40 kph
30 kph
On open country roads with no blind corners not closely bordered by
50 kph habitation, the maximum speed for motor trucks and buses is:
30 kph
25 kph
50 kph
60 kph
On through streets or boulevards clear of traffic with no blind corners when
40 kph so designated, the maximum speed for passenger cars and motorcycles is:
25 kph
40 kph
30 kph
60 kph
On through streets or boulevards clear of traffic with no blind corners when
30 kph so designated, the maximum speed for motor trucks and buses is:
20 kph
30 kph
25 kph
40 kph
On city and municipal streets, with light traffic, when not designated through
streets, the maximum speed for passenger cars, motorcycles, motor trucks
30 kph and buses is:
25 kph
30 kph
40 kph
60 kph
Through crowded streets, approaching intersections at blind corners, passing
school zones passing other vehicles which are stationary, or for similar
dangerous circumstances, the maximum speed for passenger cars,
20 kph motorcycles, motor trucks and buses is:
20 kph
40 kph
25 kph
30 kph
30 kph The maximum speed for cars and motorist in high-risk pedestrian areas is:
20 kph
40 kph
60 kph
30 kph
60 kph The maximum speed for cars and motorist in low-risk pedetrian areas is:
20 kph
40 kph
60 kph
30 kph
The speed limit appropriate on roads where there are no footpaths and
40 kph pedestrians are required to walk on the road is:
40 kph
35 kph
30 kph
25 kph
The speed limit appropriate on a high standard duplicated carraigeway road
80 kph where there is only occasional access from adjoining properties is:
40 kph
60 kph
30 kph
80 kph
The speed limit appropriate on a very high standard expressways, which have
100 kph low crash rate is:
100 kph
80 kph
75 kph
60 kph
90 or 100 kph The speed limit appropriate on lower standard expressways.
50 or 60 kph
70 or 80 kph
80 or 90 kph
90 or 100 kph
At the start of a new speed zone, a speed limit sign should be erected on the
left and right sides of the road. Then within the first kilometer, there should
be 2 farther pairs of repeater speed limit signs. After that, repeater signs
1 km should be placed at what spacing?
1 km
2 km
500 m
1.5 km
It is the maximum number of vehicles, which have a reasonable expectation
of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction or in
Road capacity both directions during one hour under prevailing road conditions.
Flow of traffic
Road capacity
Density
Free flow
The required length of the turnout shall be determined considering a length
15 of ____ meters for each bus.
15
14.5
16
15.5
Turnouts shall have a minimum width of _____ meters to accommodate all
3.6 types of vehicles.
4
3.6
3.8
4.2
Turnouts shall not be placed opposite each other but shall be placed not less
30 than ____ meters apart
31
30
32
30.5
The pavement thickness of turnout shall no case be less than _____ for
100 mm asphalt.
75 mm
150 mm
100 mm
200 mm
The pavement thickness of turnout shall no case be less than _____ for
230 mm concrete.
250 mm
230 mm
100 mm
200 mm
Dilapidated
vehicles Which of the following are not vulnerable road users?
Pedestrians
People with Disabilities
Motorcycles
Dilapidated vehicles
Vehicles parked near intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic.
Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances
from the boundaries of intersecting roads for parallel parking - ______ meters
6 on both approach and exit sides.
3
4
5
6
Vehicles parked near intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic.
Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances
from the boundaries of intersecting roads for angle parking - ______ meters
12 on both approach and exit sides.
10
8
12
6
Decision of the Which of the following is not a consideration for the provision of safety sight
driver distance?
Alertness of Driver
Recognition of the hazard
Actions available to driver (to stop or change direction)
Decision of the driver
Velocity of Vehicle Which of the following is not an element of sight distance?
Driver Height
Object Height
Sight Distance
Velocity of Vehicle
What are the components in stopping sight distance? I. Reaction distance II.
I, II Braking distance III. Height of Driver IV. Object Height
I, II
All of the above
II, III, IV
I, II, III
Superelevation The length of superelevation development from zero cross slope to full design
runoff superelevation is known as:
Superelevation runoff
Superelevation runout
Tangent runout
Tangent runoff
The length of superelevation development from the normal cross slope to the
Tangent runout zero cross slope point on the tangent is known as:
Superelevation runoff
Superelevation runout
Tangent runout
Tangent runoff
Which of the following is not included in the criterias for the establishment of
Velocity of Vehicle sag vertical curves?
Velocity of Vehicle
Passenger comfort
Drainage control
General Appearance
Types of curb and gutter: I. Barrier curb and gutter II. Barrier curb III.
All of the above Mountable/drop curb & gutter IV. Mountable/drop curb
I, II, III
All of the above
II, III, IV
I, II, IV
Types of curb suited for the edge of the traveled way where it is generally
considered that drivers should not mount the curb or sidewalk. This types are
used for areas where operating speeds are generally less than 60 kph and
Barrier curb where parking of vehicles is allowed.
Barrier curb
Barrier curb & gutter
Mountable/drop curb
Mountable/drop curb and gutter
Types of curb that provide less vaulting of the errant vehicle on impact with
the curb, less likelyhood of the driver losing control and less damage to
occupants of the vehicles compared to barrier curbs. This type shall be used
Mountable/drop for all traffic islands, medians, and the right side of the roadway where
curb operating speeds are greater than 60 kph.
Barrier curb
Barrier curb & gutter
Mountable/drop curb
Mountable/drop curb and gutter
They are essential part of any road that is not on fill and must be
incorporated into the road cross-section. These are designed to
Longitudinal accommodate the expected rainfall but can often be hazardous to vehicles
drainage ditches that run off the road.
Longitudinal drainage ditches
Transverse drainage ditches
Drop curb and gutters
Shoulder
The most important criteria to consider to avoid safety hazards created by
the drainage ditches is the actual reconnaissance survey during wet weather
to identify the natural run-out locations. Slopes on the side nearest the road
should not be steeper than _____ and preferable flatter as this will minimize
accident severity. The slope farthest from the road may be as steep as the
3 is to 1 ground will permit.
1.5 is to 1
3 is to 1
2 is to 1
1 is to 1
They are lane in flat to rolling terrain, which are used to break up platoons of
traffic and to improve traffic flow over a section of road. A series of such
auxillary lanes for both directions of traffic can greatly improve traffic flow
Overtaking Lanes and driver satisfaction.
Line Lanes
Climbing Lanes
Auxillary Lanes
Overtaking Lanes
A special form of overtaking lane but they are only provided on inclines
where truck speeds fall to 40 kph or less and upgrade traffic flowrate in
Climbing Lanes excess of 20 vehicles per hour.
Line Lanes
Climbing Lanes
Auxillary Lanes
Overtaking Lanes
A very short section of fully constructed shoulder or added lane that is
provided to allow slow vehicles to pull aside and be overtaken. It differs from
an overtaking lane due to its short length, different signing and that the
Turnout majority of vehicles are not encouraged to travel in the right lane.
Turnout
Climbing Lanes
Diverge Lanes
Overtaking Lanes
stop or give way Signs facing the minor road approaches at and intersection are used to give
signs priority to the major road.
Thru street signs
fast moving vehicles ahead signs
stop or give way signs
slow down signs
Provisions for turning lane can generally be provided in the following ways: I.
Shared turning and through lane II. Flaring and tape III. Separate lane for
I, II, III deceleration and storage IV. Establishment of a traffic island
I, II, III
II, III, IV
All of the above
I, II, IV
The types of slip lane arrangements are: I. High entry angle slip lane II. Free
I, II flow slip lane III. Slow entry angle slip lane
I, II
II, III
I, III
All of the above
roundabout One of the safest type of intersection treatments.
T-intersection
Y-intersection
roundabout
cross intersection
40 kph The maximum design speed through roundabout in urban areas.
50 kph
40 kph
60 kph
70 kph
50 kph The maximum design speed through roundabout in rural areas.
50 kph
40 kph
60 kph
70 kph
They are used to shield errant vehicles from running into hazards that cannot
roadside barriers be relocated or made more frangible.
roadside poles
roadside barriers
frangible wooden posts
drivable culvert end
Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the
travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to
impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to
Barriers pedestrians and workers.
Traffic cones
Delineators
Barriers
Temporary curbing
Warning devices used to supplement other controls and devices necessary to
alert motorists of construction and maintenance activities or obstruction in
Flashing Lamps the roadway.
Traffic cones
Delineators
Barriers
Flashing Lamps
Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in series, to
Delineators indicate the roadway alignment.
Traffic cones
Delineators
Flashing Lamps
Bollard
Devices which may be conical in shape or tubular-shaped capable of
performing channelization of traffic which may be set on the surface of the
Traffic cones roadway or rigidly attached for continued use.
Traffic cones
Delineators
Flashing Lamps
Bollard
Roadwork devices consisting of pre-cast concrete sections, sandbag, and
Temporary curbing others which, may be used to guide traffic at the construction site.
Traffic cones
Delineators
Barriers
Temporary curbing
Devices used in place of a rigid barrier posts or traffic cones with a minimum
of 450 mm by 50 mm width with alternate bands of contrasting color as seen
Bollard by approaching traffic for delineation of traffic.
Traffic cones
Delineators
Flashing Lamps
Bollard
Octagon Standard sign shape for STOP sign.
Octagon
Circle
Equilateral Triangle
Rectangle
Equilateral
Triangle Standard sign shape for GIVE WAY sign.
Octagon
Circle
Rectangle
Circle Standard sign shape for additional information.
Octagon
Circle
Rectangle
Circle Standard sign shape for regulatory signs.
Octagon
Circle
Rectangle
Equilateral
Triangle Standard sign shape for warning signs.
Octagon
Circle
Rectangle
Pentagon Standard sign shape for pedestrian and school crossings sign.
Octagon
Circle
Pentagon
Standard color used as legend color for signs having white, yellow, orange,
fluorescent orange, fluorescent yellow green background and as chevron for
Black hazard markers.
Red
Black
Blue
Brown
Yellow Standard color used as background color for roadwork signs.
Red
Black
Blue
Yellow
Green Is used as background color for direction signs.
Fluorescent yellow green
Green
Blue
Yellow
Blue Background color for service signs.
Red
Black
Blue
Brown
6 How many letters and numerals being used for signs?
3
4
5
6
A very long standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally
Seiche occuring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide.
Seiche
Shoal
Ebb
Skewd
Swells Waves generated by storms, which occur outside the area of observation.
Seiche
Shoal
Ebb
Swells
Clapotis The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves.
Wave decay
Clapotis
Dynamic Pressure
Water hamer
A change in the dissection of travel of the wave with change in depth of water
wave refraction which distributes wave energy along the seashore unevenly.
wave refraction
wave diffraction
wave reflection
wave frequency
Wind generated waves which are created in the deep ocean at some distance
from the port site and the wind that created them may be too distant to be
felt in the port or may have stopped blowing or changed its direction by the
swell waves time the wave reach the port.
swell waves
seiching waves
breaking waves
wakes
waves of this type have very long periods typically from 30 sec. up to the
tidal period of 12 hr. 25 min. and are mostly found in enclosed or semi-
seiching waves enclosed basins such as artificial port basins or bays.
swell waves
seiching waves
breaking waves
wakes
Intermediate Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is less than 0.5
water waves but greater than 0.4.
Intermediate water waves
breaking waves
Shallow-water waves
Deep water waves
Shallow-water Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is equal to or less
waves than 0.4.
Intermediate water waves
breaking waves
Shallow-water waves
Deep water waves
fetch The distance that the wind blows over the sea in generating the waves.
clapotis
seiche
wakes
fetch
significant wave The arithmetical mean value of the highest one-third of the waves for a
height stated interval.
average wave height
critical wave height
significant wave height
intermediate wave height
An abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This
rise above normal level on this open coast is due to atmosepheric pressure
storm surge reduction as well as due to wind stress.
hurricane
tsunamis
storm surge
tornado
Ebb tide The falling tide is known as:
Ebb tide
Flood tide
Neap tide
Spring tide
fetch The horizontal extension of the generating area in the direction of the wind.
trough
shoal
seiche
fetch
The difference in height between the mean higher high water and the mean
Diurnal range lower low water.
Diurnal range
Mean range
Mean sea level
Residual water level
Spring tide The highest tides which occur at intervals of half a lunar month.
Spring tide
Semi-lunar tide
Semi-diurnal tide
Ebb tide
The datum line for design of port facilities in accordance with charts, which is
MLLW being used by the Philippine Ports Authority.
MLLW
LWL
RWL
HWL
The PPA requires that water level that guarantees about water depth for
safety of the ships berthing on a certain ports and harbor, below the mean
0.15 m to 0.40 m lower low water should be equal to:
0.15 m to 0.30 m
0.12 m to 0.40 m
0.15 m to 0.40 m
0.12 m to 0.50 m
Generally, the average interval between successive high tides, which is half
12 hrs and 25 min. the time between successive passages of the moon across a given meridian is:
12 hrs and 15 min.
12 hrs and 45 min.
12 hrs
12 hrs and 25 min.
tidal range The difference in height between high water and low water at a tidal station.
Diurnal range
tidal range
mean range
extreme range
High crested waves caused by the rush of flood tide up a river or by meeting
Tidal bores of tides.
storm surge
Tidal bores
Swells
Shoal
Prevailing winds which are seasonal blowing in one direction over part of the
Monsoon year and in the opposite direction the remainder of the year.
Monsoon
Windward wins
Leeward Winds
Winds in intertropical zone
Diurnal tide Tides which occurs only one high tide a day.
Neap tide
Spring tide
Diurnal tide
Semi-diurnal tide
Mean high water The average of the high water over a 19-year period.
Mean higher water
Higher high water
High water
Mean high water
Mean Low Water The average of the low water over a 19-year period.
Lowest Low Water
Lower Low Water
Mean Low Water
Mean Lower Water
wave length The length between two consecutive crests.
wave period
wave length
wave amplitude
frequency
amplitude The height between the trough and the crest of a wave.
period
oscillation
amplitude
frequency
The wave form travels over the water surface and the time for two
wave period consecutive crests to pass a point is called:
wave period
oscillation
frequency
amplitude
velocity of wave The speed of the wave form which travels over the water surface for a certain
propagation wave period.
steepness of wave
velocity of wave propagation
instantaneous velocity
average velocity of wave
The water level that guarantess about 98% of tide is safe to ships seems to be
suitable from the expression of the technical resolution of the International
Water Wave Congress. Such water level, which is 0.15 m ~ 0.4 m below MLLW
Design Low Tide should be used for design of ports.
Design Low Tide
Lower Water Level
Residual water level
High Water Level
1/3 (HWL-LWL) +
LWL Residual water level for gravity type is expressed as:
1/3 (HWL-LWL) + LWL
2/3 (HWL-LWL) + LWL
1/3 (HWL-LWL)
2/3 (HWL-LWL)
2/3 (HWL-LWL) +
LWL Residual water level for sheet pile type is expressed as
1/3 (HWL-LWL) + LWL
2/3 (HWL-LWL) + LWL
1/3 (HWL-LWL)
2/3 (HWL-LWL)
Shape of the wave and wave speeds are governed by the displacement of
water particles and the functions of the following variables: I. Wave length II.
I, II Water depth III. Wave motion IV. Wave shoals
I, II, III
All of the above
I, II
II, III, IV
wave height The elevation of the crest above the through of the wave.
wave length
wave shoals
wave period
wave height
The flow of energy along the wave crest in a direction at right angles to the
diffraction direction of wave travel.
reflection
deflection
refraction
diffraction
wave crest The highest point of the wave.
wave crest
wave through
wave height
wave length
wave through The lowest point of the wave.
wave crest
wave through
wave height
wave length
The periodic rise and fall of sea level in response to the gravitational
astronomical tide attraction of the sun and moon as modified by the earth's rotation.
rotational tide
storm surge
gravitational tide
astronomical tide
Astronomical tidal The time of rotation of the earth with respect to the moon and the planets,
day which is approximately 24 hrs and 50 minutes.
Astronomical tidal day
Highest astronomical tide
Lowest astronomical tide
Ebb tidal day
0.25 m to 0.30 m The rise of sea level due to greenhouse effect between years 2000 and 2050.
0.25 m to 0.30 m
0.12 m to 0.20 m
0.06 m to 0.20 m
0.16 m to 0.25 m
The average height of all low waters at any place over a sufficiently extended
Mean low water period of time.
Spring range
Diurnal range
Low water
Mean low water
Ebb current The return current toward the sea.
Flood current
Ebb current
Diurnal current
Slack water current
The period during which the current is negligible while it is changing
Slack water directions is called _____.
Turn of the current
Spring water
Diurnal time
Slack water
High water The maximum height reached by each rising tide.
Trough
Ebb
Crest
High water
Low water The maximum depression of the falling tide
Ebb
Low water
Trough
Neap
It is a document prepared during key milestones or near the end of a
Punch List construction project listing work not conforming to contract specifications
that the general contractor must complete prior to final payment but the
correction can be made in a few days.
Material Submittal Sheet
Non-conformance Report
Punch List
Check List
It is an application of a low viscosity asphalt to a granular base in preparation
Prime Coat of an initial layer of asphalt.
Tact Coat
Prime Coat
Subbase Coat
Base Coat
It is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Modern types of
these show the dependency relationships between activities and the current
Gantt Chart schedule status.
Gantt Chart
PERT-CPM
Work Breakdown Structure
S-Curve
The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane
Possible Capacity or roadway during one hour under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
Possible Capacity
Traffic Capacity
Basic Capacity
Practical Capacity
It refers to an architectural membet that is built deeply into the wall so that
the pressure on its embedded portion counteracts any tendency to overturn
of fall outward. It also projects out from a wall and acts as a type of bracket to
Corbel carry weight.
Lintel Beam
Girder
Buttress
Corbel
It is a relatively thin deposit of mineral between definite boundaries in mine
Vein surveying.
Outcrop
Drift
Vein
Strike
A large flat-bottom boat with square ends, used in determining the volume of
Barge dredged material.
Ship
Scow
Barge
Float
Air Draft The height of ships above the waterline.
Draft
Air Draft
Floating Draft
Top Draft
An imaginary surface whose center is the earth, where all celestial bodies are
Celestial Sphere contained.
Celestial Sphere
Greater Sphere
Sphere of Influence
Galaxy
Celestial Poles Point of intersection of the axis of rotation of the earth and the sphere.
Celestial Poles
Polar Axes
Axis of Symmetry
Celestial Axis
Celestial Equator Great Circle perpendicular to the axis connecting the celestial poles.
Horizon
Celestial Equator
Equator
Celestial Meridian
An astronomic almanac contatining tables giving the computed positions of
Ephemeris the sun, the planets, and various stars for everyday of a given period.
Almanac
Superbook
Ephemeris
clapotis
The angular distance of the body from the horizon as measured along the
Altitude vertical circle; complement of zenith distance.
Azimuth
Zenith
Nadir
Altitude
The angle measured clockwise along the celestial horizon, from the north or
Azimuth south point to the vertical circle of the star.
Azimuth
Zenith
Nadir
Altitude
The angular distance betwwn the zentih and the celestial body measured
Zenith Distance along the vertical circle through the body.
Azimuth
Zenith Distance
Nadir Distance
Altitude
The angle measured clockwise along the equitorial plane from the zenith side
Hour Angle of the celestial meridian (t=0 degrees) to the hour circle of the star.
Declination
Polar Distance
Hour Angle
Polar Angle
The angular distance north or south of the equator, measured along the hour
Declination circle from the equator to the body; complement of polar distance.
Declination
Polar Distance
Hour Angle
Polar Angle
The angular distance between the pole and the celestial body measured
along the hour circle through the body; another term for Co-Declination of
Polar Distance the Celestial body.
Declination
Polar Distance
Hour Angle
Polar Angle
Half daily cycle of rhythmic rise and fall of the surface of bodies of water due
to the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon and the rotating
Tide earth.
Tide
Floods
Ebb
Drift
Tidal Current The horizontal movement of water accompanying tides.
Tidal Current
Flood Tide
Seiche
Flood Current
Flood Tide Occurs when water surface is rising and moving towards the shore
Tidal Current
Ebb Tide
Seiche
Flood Tide
Ebb Tide Occurs when water surface is falling and moving seaward
Tidal Current
Ebb Tide
Seiche
Flood Tide
Slack Water The instant when tidal current is changing direction and flows either in or out
Slack Water
Set and Drift
Tide
Current
Set and Drift The direction and speed of current flow.
Flow of traffic
Slack Water
Set and Drift
Duration
Tide Range The difference between the high and low tide at a location on a given date.
Mean Range
Diurnal range
Tide Range
Range
The period around which the greatest peak or depression of the tides is
reached and during which the changes in height of the tide is scarcely
Stand noticeable
Slack Water
Set and Drift
Duration
Stand
Tidal Waves Large head or front of water generated at the surface of oceans.
Tides
Tidal Waves
Front Waves
Back Waves
Specific tide levels used as surfaces of reference for depth measurement in
Tidal Datums the sea and as a base for the determination of elevation on land (localized).
Tidal Chart
Tidal Datums
Tidal Levels
Tidal Heights
Tidal Benchmark A fixed vertical monument used to reference a local tidal datum.
Tidal Marking
Tidal Benchmark
Tidal Reference
Tidal Chart
Sound Navigation
and Ranging SONAR.
Sound Navigation and Ranging
Sound Navigation and Receiving
Sound Navigability in Ranges
Sound Navigability in Rivers
Locating The process of measuring the horizontal positions of a depth of a body of
Soundings water at a particular point.
Locating Soundings
Soundings
Acoustics
Poling
The angular distance measured from the equator along the meridian of
Latitude longitude to the vertical line through the observer's station.
Latitude
Declination
Altitude
Polar Distance
The angle of deviation of the ray (emanating from a celestial body) from its
Astronomic direction at the surface of the earth due to downward bend of the ray as it
Refraction passes through the atmosphere of the earth.
Parallax
Astronomic Refraction
Astronomic Diffraction
Ray bending
A series of interconnected and interlaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of
Alligator cracking the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading.
Alligator cracking
Block Cracking
Transverse cracking
Typically consist of a Portland Cement concrete slab resting on a subbase
Rigid Pavement course.
Flexible Pavement
Rigid Pavement
Rough Pavement
Stiff Pavement
Theses are necessary joints to control natural cracking from stresses caused
by concrete shrinkage, thermal contraction and moisture or thermal
Contraction Joints gradients within the concrete.
Contraction Joints
Construction Joints
Isolation Joints
Two Joints
Construction
Joints These joints join concrete that is paved at different times.
Contraction Joints
Construction Joints
Isolation Joints
Two Joints
These joints separate the pavement from objects or structures, and allow
independent movement of the pavement, object or structure without any
Isolation Joints connection that could cause damage.
Contraction Joints
Construction Joints
Isolation Joints
Two Joints
Subbase Course A thin layer of material placed on top of the prepared subgrade.
Subbase Course
Base Course
Pavement
Slab on grade
The top most layer of rigid pavement which is in direct contact with the
Concrete Slab vehicular loads. This is also called as surface course.
Subbase Course
Base Course
Subgrade
Concrete Slab
The second layer from the top and is constructed using crushed aggregates.
This course helps the surface course to take additional loads. It provides
stable platform to construct rigid pavement It is also useful to provide sub
Base Course surface drainage system.
Subbase Course
Base Course
Subgrade
Concrete Slab
The existing soil layer which is compacted using equipment to provide stable
Subgrade platform for rigid pavement.
Subbase Course
Base Course
Subgrade
Concrete Slab
A giant rectangular or square-shaped cracks in the pavement. This is typically
caused by a few different factors. Either the aggregate was too dry when it
was originally applied, or it dried out too much over time and needs to be
Block Cracking replaced.
Alligator cracking
Block Cracking
Transverse cracking
Long cracking in the outer 0.3 to 0.6m of a pavement that curves to the
Edge cracking pavement edge.
Edge cracking
Block Cracking
Transverse cracking
Road cracks that are aligned across the carriageway perpendicular to the
Transverse centreline. This type of cracking can be thermally induced or due to
cracking underlying joints or cracks.
Edge cracking
Block Cracking
Transverse cracking
These are cracks that extend from the foundational layer of the asphalt and
Reflection cracking make their way to the top layer.
Edge cracking
Block Cracking
Transverse cracking
Reflection cracking
Cracks that occur parallel to the centerline of the pavement. They can be
caused by: a poorly constructed joint; shrinkage of the asphalt layer; cracks
Longitudinal reflecting up from an underlying layer; and longitudinal segregation due to
cracking improper paver operation.
Edge cracking
Block Cracking
Transverse cracking
Continuously It is a type of rigid pavement which has no transverse joints except
reinforced construction or expansion joints when they are necessary at specific positions
concrete such as at bridges. This type of pavement is typically used on high-volume,
pavement high-speed roadways.
Plain concrete pavement
Simply reinforced concrete pavement
Continuously reinforced concrete pavement
Flexible concrete pavement
The maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or a
roadway during one hour, under the ideal roadway and traffic conditions that
Basic Capacity can possibly be attained.
Basic Capacity
Traffic Capacity
Possible Capacity
Practical Capacity
The maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point in a lane or
roadway during one hour, when traffic density is not so great as to cause
unreasonable delay, hazard or restriction to the driver’s freedom to
manoeuvre under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions. This is usually
Practical Capacity considered to be the ‘design capacity’.
Basic Capacity
Traffic Capacity
Possible Capacity
Practical Capacity
An endeavor that is undertaken to produce the results that are expected by
Project the requesting party.
Project
Scope
Budget
Schedule
Represents the work to be accomplished, i.e., the quantity and quality of
Scope work.
Project
Scope
Budget
Schedule
Refers to the costs, measured in a particular monetary currency and/or labor-
Budget hours of work.
Project
Scope
Budget
Schedule
Schedule Refers to the logical sequencing and timing of the work to be performed.
Activity
Scope
Networking
Schedule
Initiates the project and is responsible for providing funds for its execution.
Client/Owner Sometimes called the employer or promoter.
Designer
Contractor
Client/Owner
Construction Manager/Project Manager
Construction
Manager/Project Civil Engineer appointed by the client and in a conventional contract is the
Manager client's representative.
Designer
Contractor
Client/Owner
Designer Tasked with designing the facility to the client's vision.
Designer
Contractor
Client/Owner
Construction
Manager/Project
Manager Organization responsible for the construction of the works.
Designer
Contractor
Client/Owner
Horizontal Refers to the construction of ground level structures such as roads, tunnels,
Construction bridges and pipelines.
Horizontal Construction
Vertical Construction
Ground Construction
General Construction
Vertical Refers to the construction of all types of buildings. Usually involves more
Construction complex construction processes and tools.
Horizontal Construction
Vertical Construction
Ground Construction
General Construction
Residential
Housing Refers to built up space that is intended for habitation, this includes houses
Construction and high-rise apartments.
Residential Housing Construction
Institutional and Commercial Building Construction
Specialized Industrial Construction
Infrastructure and Heavy Construction
Institutional and
Commercial
Building Covers a variety of project types and sizes, such as schools, hospitals,
Construction shopping centers, warehouses, skyscrapers, etc.
Specialized
Industrial These involve very large and complex projects, such as chemical processing
Construction plants, oil refineries, power plants, etc.
Infrastructure and
Heavy Usually large ticket public project like highways, bridges, sewage treatment
Construction plants, etc. These projects are usually financed through bonds or taxes.
Clearing and Removal of all existing pavement, trees, houses, fences and other
Grubbing obstructions that could hamper construction within the site.
Clearing and Grubbing
Sweeping
Mobilization
Excavation
Compaction This process involves expelling trapped air for a more dense base.
Compaction
Consolidation
Excavation
Conreting
This involves the preparation of the soil such that it will have an adequate
bearing capacity. The soil is also treated to ensure that there will be no
Foundation Works settlement that will cause damage or affect the serviceability of the structure.
Concreting
Compaction
Foundation Works
Excavation
Project stage where all facets of the project is determined. Specification of
the project are defined, objectives are established, project teams are formed
Definition Stage and responsibilities are distributed to the team.
Definition Stage
Planning Stage
Execution Stage
Delivery Stage
Project stage involving the development of plans. This includes time frames,
Planning Stage budgets, beneficiaries, phases of construction.
Definition Stage
Planning Stage
Execution Stage
Delivery Stage
This project stage is where majority of the work is actually done. At this stage,
Execution Stage changes in plans are sometimes still made.
Definition Stage
Planning Stage
Execution Stage
Delivery Stage
This stage requires involves punch listing and turning over the project to the
Delivery Stage customer.
Definition Stage
Planning Stage
Execution Stage
Delivery Stage
A design made by the owner on the process by which responsibilities for
Construction design and construction are assigned. This is affected by the procurement of
Project Delivery the personalities involved.
Construction Project Delivery
Construction Project Design
Construction Project Deligation
Construction Project Building
This is the traditional project delivery method which involves three sequential
phases which starts with acquiring the services of a designer to design the
Design-Bid-Build project. Followed by the bidding, wherein qualified contractors submit
(DBB) tenders that will be evaluated depending on a defined set of criteria.
Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
Draft-Build-Transfer (DBT)
Design-Build-Transer (DBT)
Build-Build-Build (BBB)
A project delivery method wherein the construction manager acts as a
consultatnt to the owner throughout the development of the design but also
assumes the role of a general contractor during construction, supervising the
CMR works of the subcontractors.
CMR
PMR
A project delivery method which combines the architectural and engineering
Design-Build (DB) design with construction services under one contract.
CMR
Design-Build (DB)
Following the Design-Build project delivery method, it is a variation of the
Operations and Public Private Partnership (PPP) where a private entity is given a contract by
Maintenance the government to provide operations and maintenance of a public sector
(O&M) project.
Operations and Maintenance (O&M)
Operations, Maintenance, Management (OMM)
Design-Bid-Maintain (DBM)
Design-Bid-Operate (DBO)
Operations, Following the Design-Build project delivery method, it is a variation of the
Maintenance, Public Private Partnership (PPP) where a private entity is given a contract by
Management the government to provide operations, maintenance and management of a
(OMM) public sector project.
Design-Bid- Public Private Partnership (PPP) where a private entity will maintain the
Maintain (DBM) project for a specified period of time beyond the design-build contract.
Design-Bid- Public Private Partnership (PPP) where a private entity is given a contract by
Operate (DBO) the government to design, build, and operate a public sector project.
Design-Bid-Operate-Maintain (DBOM)
Design-Bid- Public Private Partnership (PPP) where a private entity is given a contract by
Operate-Maintain the government to design, build, operate, and maintain a public sector
(DBOM) project.
Public Private Partnership (PPP) where a private entity is given a contract by
the government to design, build, operate, and maintain a public sector
project. The private entity must also provide the capital to finance the design
Design-Bid- and construction of the project, in exchange either user fees, lease payments
Finance-Operate- are waived or they are given revenues from the operation for a certain period
Maintain (DBFOM) of time.
Design-Bid-Finance-Operate-Maintain (DBFOM)
RA 544 Also known as the Civil Engineering Law.
RA 544
RA 442
RA 534
RA 4566
The law seeks to ensure the safety and quality of built structures, which
means that only qualified, reliable and licensed contractors are allowed to
construct in the country. No contractor (of any kind) should conduct business
without a PCAB (Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board per P.D. No.
RA 4566 1746) license.
RA 544
RA 442
RA 4656
RA 4566
Deemed synonymous with the term "builder" and, hence, any person who
undertakes or offers to undertake or purports to have the capacity to
undertake or submits a bid to, or does himself or by or through others,
construct, alter, repair, add to, subtract from, improve, move, wreck or
demolish any building, highway, road, railroad, excavation or other structure,
project, development or improvement, or to do any part thereof, including
the erection of scaffolding or other structures or works in connection
Contractor therewith.
Contractor
Client/Owner
General Engineering Contractor
Project Manager
A constructor’s nominee from among his technical personnel, whose training
and experience are to sustain the constructor’s classification eligibility and/or
to accrue to the constructor’s credit rating in categorization. He must be a
licensed technology professional of any other academic discipline but who
Sustaining has been employed, in a managerial/ supervisory capacity, by a constructor in
Technical construction of a classification for at least 4 years immediately prior to his
Employee nomination.
Sustaining Technical Employee
Duly Authorized Representative
Contractor's Representative
General
Engineering A person whose principal contracting business is in connection with fixed
Contractor works requiring specialized engineering knowledge and skill.
Specialty Contractor
General Building Contractor
A person whose principal contracting business is in connection with any
structure built, being built, or to be built, for the support, shelter and
enclosure of persons, animals, chattels or movable property of any kind,
General Building requiring in its construction the use of more than two unrelated building
Contractor trades or crafts, or to do or superintend the whole or any part thereof.
A person whose operations pertain to the performance of construction work
Specialty requiring special skill and whose principal contracting business involves the
Contractor use of specialized building trades or crafts.
The individual charged with the overall coordination of the entire
construction program for the owner, including planning, design,
Project Manager procurement, and construction.
Project Manager
Construction Manager
Design Manager
Client/Owner
A specialized firm or organization which administrates the on-site
Construction construction activities and the consulting services required by the owner from
Manager planning through [design], construction and commissioning.
Project Manager
Construction Manager
Design Manager
Client/Owner
A contract of restricted scope and may act as a signal to begin construction
work with a limited scope of work. In the Philippines, it is oftentimes taken as
a letter for a procuring entity (usually in a public or government project) that
Letter of Intent signifies the desire of a contracting firm to participate in a bidding process.
Specifications
Plans
Bid
Letter of Intent
Lump-sum or
Stipulated Fixed fee contract. Suitable if the scope and schedule of the project are
Contract sufficiently defined. Both buyer and seller are at risk.
Lump-sum or Stipulated Contract
Unit Price Contract
Cost Plus Contract
Cost Contract
A type of construction contract based on estimated quantities of items
included in the project and their unit prices. The final price is dependent on
Unit Price Contract the quantities needed to carry out the work.
Unit Price Contract
Cost Plus Contract
Cost Contract
A type of construction contract where the owner agrees to pay the cost of all
labor and materials plus an amount for contractor overhead and profit
Cost Plus Contract (usually as a percentage of the labor and material cost).
Unit Price Contract
Cost Plus Contract
Incentive Contract
A type of construction contract where compensation is based on contracting
performance according to an agreed target – budget, schedule, and/or
Incentive Contract quality.
Turnkey and BOT contracts
Unit Price Contract
Cost Plus Contract
Incentive Contract
A construction contract when at completions, it is noted that the key to the
Turnkey contracts project is turned over to the client leading towards the contract closed out.
Turnkey and BOT contracts
Unit Price Contract
Cost Plus Contract
Incentive Contract
Turnkey - BOT
contracts Extension of the turnkey method.
Turnkey - BOT contracts
Turnkey - Unit Price Contract
Turnkey - Cost Plus Contract
Turnkey - Incentive Contract
A general term applying to all directions, provisions, and requirements
Specifications pertaining to the performance of the work and payment for the work.
Specifications
Contract
Details
Plans
It provides a convenient and practical basis for communication between the
Preliminary Design designer and the owner in the idea formulation stage.
Preliminary Design
Presentation Drawings
Working Drawings
Blueprint
Presentation Its purpose is to present the proposed building or facility in an attractive
Drawings setting at the proposed site for promotional purposes.
Preliminary Design
Working Drawings
Blueprint
It is also called the project and construction drawings, it include all the
Working Drawings drawing required by the various trades to complete a project.
Preliminary Design
Working Drawings
Blueprint
Shop and These are technical drawings prepared by various contractors, subcontractors
Assembly and suppliers participating in the construction process to show how their
drawings product is to be made.
Shop and Assembly drawings
Working Drawings
Blueprint
A scale drawing of a property that shows its size and configuration including
the size and location of man-made features such as buildings, driveways, and
Site Plan walkways on the property.
Site Plan
Pit Map
Topography Map
Demolition Plan
A scale drawing of part of a city or town-ship showing some specific area,
Pit Map such as a subdivision made up of several individual lots.
Site Plan
Pit Map
Topography Map
Demolition Plan
Drainage and Shows locations of the water, gas , sanitary and electric utilities that will
Utility Plans service the building.
Drainage and Utility Plans
Pit Map
Topography Map
Demolition Plan
Large complex projects often require separate drawings to clarify proposed
Site Improvement site improvements including curbing, walkways, retaining walls, paving,
Drawings fences, steps, benches and flagpoles.
Drainage and Utility Plans
Pit Map
Site Improvement Drawings
Demolition Plan
They contain required information on the size, material, and makeup of all
Architectural main members of the structure, as well as their relative position and method
Drawings of connection.
Structural Drawings
Erection Plans
Architectural Drawings
Framing Plan
Structural These show the overall dimensions of the structure, such as the location of
Drawings columns, beams, angles and other structural shapes.
Structural Drawings
Erection Plans
Framing Plan
These indicate use for framing the building and may include wood or metal,
studs, concrete masonry units or structural steel and commonly include the
Framing Plan basic skeletal structure of the building.
Structural Drawings
Erection Plans
Framing Plan
These are made by the steel fabricator and are assembly drawings for the
Erection Plans steel structure. They show how the steel parts fit together.
Structural Drawings
Erection Plans
Framing Plan
Specifies the design of or the modification to the mechanical system,
ductwork layout and dimensions, mechanical equipment location, damper
locations, design air-delivery rates, diffuser locations, thermostat locations
Mechanical Plan and supplemental cooling systems.
Structural Drawings
Mechanical Plan
Framing Plan
It is a drawing of the floor plan showing all required outlets, locating panels,
Power Plan receptacles, and circuitry of power-utilizing equipment and special systems.
Power Plan
Mechanical Plan
Electrical Plan
Framing Plan
Reflected Ceiling A drawing of a room or space looking down at the interior ceiling. It shows
Plan ceiling treatment, ceiling grid, and the placement of all light fixtures.
Power Plan
Reflected Ceiling Plan
Electrical Plan
Framing Plan
It is an undesired event that results in harm to people, damage to property or
loss to process. It is usually a contact with a source of energy above the
Accident threshold limit of the body or structure.
Accident
Incident
Hazard
Risk
It is an undesired event which, under slightly different circumstances, could
Incident have resulted in harm to people, damage to property, or loss to process.
Accident
Incident
Hazard
Risk
Control An action to regulate or restrain a condition or event.
Control
Steer
Command
Safety
Is a special group of people whose job is to direct the effort and activities of
Management other people toward common objectives.
Management
Committee
Owner
Clientele
Was released by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in 1998 in
response to increasing concerns regarding safety in construction sites.
Intended to provide support to existing occupational safety and health
DO 13 standards and regulations.
DO 13
DO 198
DO 442
DO 544
Standard color for fire protection/fire-related hazard; to call attention to
Red equipment apparatus and facilities
Red
Blue
Orange
Violet
Green Standards color for safety; designating ”safety”
Red
Yellow
Orange
Green
Standard color for caution. To designate caution and for marking physical
hazards, such as striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping & “caught in
Yellow between”
Red
Yellow
Orange
Green
Standard color for precaution; to designate caution, or warning against
Blue starting use of, or the movement of equipment which is under repair.
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Green
Violet Standards color for radiation; to designate radiation hazards.
Red
Blue
Orange
Violet
In terms of load capacity, scaffolds must be able to support its own weight +
4 ____ times the intended load.
1
2
3
4
Hard hat classification for general service (e.g., mining, building construction,
Class G (formerly shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing. This type of hard hat has good
Class A) impact protection but limited voltage protection.
Class G (formerly Class A)
Class E (formerly Class B)
Class C
Class D
Class E (formerly Hard hat classification for electrical work. This type of hard hat offers good
Class B) protection against falling objects, high-voltage shock/burns
Class C
Class D
Class C Hard hat classification designed for comfort but offers limited protection.
Class C
Class D
2730 kgs.(6,000 Belts anchors shall be made of metal machined from bar stockforged or heat
lbs.). treated, capable of supporting a pull of ______
2730 kgs.(6,000 lbs.).
2275 kgs. (5,000 lbs.)
1820 kgs. (4,000 lbs.)
3180 kgs. (7,000 lbs.)
It is the process of moving soil or rock from one location to another and
processing it so that it meets construction requirements of location,
Earthmoving elevation, density moisture content and so on.
Excavation
Earthmoving
Clearing and Grubbing
Mobilization
Trafficability The ability of a soil to support the weight of vehicles under repeated traffic.
Trafficability
Loadability
Toughness
Hardness
Loadability A measure of the difficulty in excavating and loading soil.
Trafficability
Loadability
Toughness
Hardness
Bank Soil condition where material is in natural state before disturbance.
Bank
Bulk
Loose
Compacted
Excavator It is defined as a power-driven digging machine.
Excavator
Digger
Hauler
Truck
These are versatile machine that has the longest reach for digging and
Draglines dumping-part of the crane-shovel family.
Draglines
Cranes
Shovel
Backhoe
These are primarily used for lifting, lowering, and transporting loads. They
Cranes move loads horizontally by swinging or traveling.
Cranes
Draglines
Excavator
Dredger
Special type of crane used on building construction projects because of its
Tower Cranes wide operating radius and almost unlimited height capability.
Tower Cranes
Tower Draglines
Skyscraper
Booms
Dozers Tractor equipped with a front-mounted earthmoving blade.
Dozers
Excavators
Trucks
Loaders
Loaders Tractor equipped with a front-end bucket.
Dozers
Excavators
Trucks
Loaders
Type of compaction equipment for granular and asphaltic bases. Also
Smooth drum effective in smoothing surfaces of soils that have been compacted by tamping
rollers rollers. The compactive force involved is primarily static weight.
Smooth drum rollers
Rammers/tampers
pneumatic rollers
tamping foot rollers
tamping foot Type of compaction equipment that utilize a compaction drum equipped with
rollers a number of protruding feet.
Smooth drum rollers
Rammers/tampers
pneumatic rollers
tamping foot rollers
Vibratory Type of compaction equipment that are most effective in compacting non-
compactors cohesive soils.
Vibratory compactors
Smooth drum rollers
Rammers/tampers
pneumatic rollers
Rubber-tired or Type of compaction equipment that impart a kneading action to the soil and
pneumatic rollers are effective on almost all type of soils.
Vibratory compactors
Smooth drum rollers
Rubber-tired or pneumatic rollers
pneumatic rollers
Rammers/tampers Small impact-type compactors.
Rammers/tampers
Smooth drum rollers
Rubber-tired or pneumatic rollers
pneumatic rollers
Balancing The process of cutting down high spotsand filling in low spots.
Grading
Balancing
Filling
Trimming
Trimming The process of brining each roadway to its final grade.
Grading
Balancing
Filling
Trimming
It involves smoothing slopes, shaping ditches, and bringing the earthwork to
Finish grading the elevation required by the plans and specification.
Grubbing
Grading
Finish grading
Trimming
One of the most versatile items of earthmoving equipment. It can be used for
light stripping, grading, finishing, trimming, bank sloping, ditching, backfilling,
and scarifying. It is also capable of mixing and spreading soil and asphaltic
Motor grader mixtures.
Motor grader
Auto grader
Motor finisher
Elevation finisher
Type of footing that support a wall and one or more columns, or several
Combined footings columns.
Mat foundation
Combined footings
Raft foundation
Spread footing.
A type of mat foundation in which the weight of the soil excavated
approximately equals the weight of the structure being erected. Thus, in
theory , the erection of the building would not result in any change in the
Floating load applied to the soil and hence there would be no settlement of the
foundation structure.
Replacement foundation
Floating foundation
Fill foundation
Raft foundation
Precast concrete A type of pile manufactured in almost any desired size or shape. Commonly
piles used section shapes include round, square, and octagonal shapes.
Precast concrete piles
Cast-in-place concrete piles
Driven Piles
Steel piles
Cast-in-place Type of pile that are constructed by driving a steel shell into the ground and
concrete piles then filling it with concrete.
Driven Piles
Steel piles
Type of piles that are capable of supporting heavy loads, can be driven to
great depth without damage, and are easily cut and spliced. Common
subtypes include H-piles and pipe piles, where the name indicates the shape
Steel piles of the pile section
Driven Piles
Steel piles
These are also known as compacted concrete piles, Franki piles, and pressure
injected footings. They are a special form of cast-in-place concrete pile in
Bulb piles which an enlarged base is formed during driving.
Driven Piles
Bulb piles
It is simply a column, usually of reinforced concrete, constructed below the
ground surface. It performs much the same function as a pile. That is, it
Pier transfers the load of a structure down to a stronger rock or soil layer .
Pile
Pier
Caisson
Buttress
A structure used to provide all-around lateral support to an excavation and
Caisson may be either open or pneumatic.
Pile
Pier
Caisson
Buttress
The process of removing water from an excavation. It may be accomplished
by lowering the groundwater table before the excavation is begun. This
method is often used for placing pipelines in areas with high groundwater
De-watering levels.
De-watering
Water removal
Suction
Drying
Tilt-up It is a special form of precast wall construction in which wall panels are cast
construction horizontally at the job site and then erected.
Tilt-up construction
Built-up construction
Raising construction
Tilting construction
Placing The movement of plastic concrete into its final position (usually within forms).
Placing
Layering
Batching
Delivering
Type of finishing of concrete surfaces which smooths and compacts the
Floating surface while embedding aggregate particles.
Floating
Screeding
Troweling
Brooming
Type of finishing of concrete surfaces with a steel trowel follows floating
Troweling when a smooth dense surface is desired
Floating
Screeding
Troweling
Brooming
Type of finishing of concrete surfaces used when a textured skid-resistant
Brooming surface is desired.
Floating
Screeding
Troweling
Brooming
Its concept is simple; in order to manage a whole project, one must manage
and control each of its parts. It is also the cornerstone of the project work
WBS plan.
WBS
Gantt Chart
S-Curve
PERT-CPM
It is the lowest level in the WBS and establishes the baseline for project
scheduling, tracking, and cost control. This extremely important for project
management because it relates the work to be performed to time, cost, and
Work Package people.
Work Breakdown
Work Package
Work Activity
Work Event
This serves as an effective orientation for team members to learn the project
Kick-off Meeting requirements and restrictions of budget and schedule.
Toolbox Meeting
Kick-off Meeting
Starting Meeting
Onset Meeting
Points in time that have been identified as being important intermediate
Milestones reference points during the accomplishment of the work.
Event
Milestones
Capstones
Target
The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the
completion date of the project. It can be taken as equal to Late finish
Total Float subtracted by Early finish or of Late start subtracted by Early start.
Total Float
Intercepting Float
Free Float
Slack
The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the early
Free Float start time of the immediately following activity.
Total Float
Intercepting Float
Free Float
Float
A series of interconnected activities through the network diagram, with each
Critical Path activity having zero, free and total float time.
Project Schedule
Critical Path
Main Path
Construction Path
S-Curve The plot of accomplishment of a project per period.
Gantt Chart
S-Curve
PERT-CPM
Critical Path
It is the set of procedures and management practices used to collect
information about the performance achieved or forecasted in a project and
Project Monitoring the developing organization, based on a set of performance metrics.
Project Scheduling
Project Turnover
Project Overview
Project Monitoring
It is a continuously reinforced horizontal beam of concrete or masonry
Bond beam deisgned to provide additional strength and prevent cracking in masonry wall.
Lintel beam
Bond beam
Flashing
Control Joints
This should always be shown on site plans for orientation purposes.
North Direction Displaying it prominently is the standard practice.
North Direction
Scale
Legends and Symbols
Vicinity Map
The Following are the step-by-step procedures for calculating azimuths
clockwise. I. Plan and Prepare II. Perform the calculation III. Repeat the
calculation IV. Check the calculation V. Calculate the azimuths clockwise
I, II, III, IV traverse VI. Calculate azimuths counter-clockwise traverse.
I, II, IV, V
All of the above
II, III, IV, V, VI
I, II, III, IV
Number of rows
with nonzero
entries. The Rank of a matrix.
Number of rows with nonzero entries.
Number of columns
Number of rows
Number of columns with nonzero entries.
pavement distress It refers to the condition of a pavement in terms of its general appearance.
pavement deflection
pavement distress
pavement roughness
skid resistance
It is an excavation having a depth which exceeds its width measured at the
Trench bottom.
Tunnel
Trench
Open excavation
Shaft
The abnormal surface wear, usually resulting from poor quality surface
Surface abrasion mortar or coarse aggregate.
Surface abrasion
Settlement
Raveling
Joint spalling
It consists information with areas if there is a potential risk from falling
Safety signage objects, tripping hazards and etc.
Safety equipment
Safety bulletin
Safety signage
Safety materials
It is the most common scaffold due to its versatility, economy and ease to
Frame Scaffolds use.
Mobile Scaffold
Frame Scaffolds
Suspended Scaffolds
Coupler Scaffolds
Parking
accumulation It is the number of parked vehicles in a study area at any specified time.
Parking accumulation
Parking turnover
Parking duration
Parking load
Consistency It refers to the degree of consistency of a group or data.
Accuracy
Consistency
Precision
Exactness
True or False: Additional construction heavy equipment will secure the safety
F of all person, properties, and other equipment in the construction site.
T
F
It depends
Neither
Concrete It is normally used on newly plastered wall to remove acid from walls so that
Neutralizer the paint does not peel off.
Concrete Neutralizer
Skimcoat
Paint Thinner
Concrete Epoxy
It includes the plans, specifications and estimates developed to describe all of
the elements of a construction project and become the contract between the
Bid documents local government and the selected contractor.
Bid documents
Contracts
Specifications
Plans
It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness nad may
include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of
Fall Arrest System these.
Level Arrest System
Fall Arrest System
Personal Protective System
Protective System
Mobile Scaffold It is a type of scaffold supported at the bottom with wheel or casters.
Mobile Scaffold
Frame Scaffolds
Suspended Scaffolds
Coupler Scaffolds
The purpose of installing edge lines is generally based on the following
except: I. To discourage travel on road shoulders II. To make driving safer and
more assured, particularly at night and during safer and more asured,
particularly at night and during inclement weather by providing a continuous
guide for the driver III. To act as guide past objects, which are close to the
edge of the pavement and which constitute hazard IV. To prevent parking or
near near intersections V. To delineate the edge of the travelled way to
V distinguish it from the shoulder area.
I
II
IV
V
It is a portion along a wall and diaphragm edge strengthened with structural
steel section and/or longitudinal steel reinforcement and transverse
Boundary member reinforcement.
Braced member
Boundary member
Built up member
Composite member
It is a wall that provides resistance to lateral loads in the plane of the wall and
Shear walls provides stability in the structural system.
Sidewalls
Bearing walls
Wall system
Shear walls
A point in a strut-and-tie model where the axes of the struts, ties, and
node concentrated forces acting on the joint intersect
joint
intersection
node
strut
Napierian Number The value of e that is β.718β8... is called:
Briggs’ Number
Pi
Fermat’s Number
Napierian Number
2002 Which of the following is a palindromic number?
2017
2002
2010
2000
even For a given function f(t) = f(-t). What type of symmetry does f(t) have?
odd
even
rotational
quarter-wave
It is usually defined as the angle made by the ray drawn and it can be read
Bearing from north or south.
Depression
Elevation
Bearing
None of these
Hipparchus The Father of Trigonometry.
Archimedes
Hipparchus
Pythagoras
Napier
Appolonius He completed the solution of the locus of a circle.
Hipparchus
Euclid
Appolonius
Pythagoras
These consists of the exponential derivatives that is “y’ , y’’’ “ in a differential
Order equation.
Degree
Dependence
Radical
Order
These are long sights that can be taken with greater accuracy than using the
Merits stadia method.
Intercept
Merits
Precision
Subtends
It is the difference between the most probable value of the quantity and its
Residual Error observed value.
Normal Error
Mistakes
Most probable error
Residual Error
Vernier The following are used for base line measurements EXCEPT:
Straining device
Thermometer
Stakes
Vernier
Faulty additions
and subtractions Which of the following is a common mistake in levelling?
Faulty additions and subtractions
Variation in temperature
Bubble not exactly centered at the instant of sighting
Rod not held plumb
Accuracy is the term which indicates the degree of conformity of a
true value measurement to its:
most probable value
mean value
true value
standard error
random errors Theory of errors is applied to minimize:
gross errors
systematic errors
random errors
all of these
dams Hydrographic surveys is an art of delineating the following EXCEPT:
submarine levels
dams
contours
features of seas
It is an imaginary line passing through places having the same magnetic
Isogonic declination.
Isotropic
Isogenic
Isogonic
Isoclinic
6% For Phil. National roads, the maximum grade permitted on curves is:
6%
4%
5%
7%
Design The following points of view in analyzing impact of any highway projects
specifications EXCEPT:
Transportation system
Design specifications
Social and economic
Environmental
For sampling purposes of preparation of thermoplastic materials, the
10 minimum weight should be:
1 kg
5
10
25
Bulking It refers to the increase in volume of earth work after excavation.
Borrow pitting
Hauling
Shrinking
Bulking
falls A mass haul diagram incicates fill if the curve
rises
falls
none
constant
For protection of untreated timber trestile piles, the sawed surface shall be
Creosote oil coated with:
Macadam oil
Anti-pest oil
Tack coatings
Creosote oil
The horizontal motion of the ship along its longitudinal axis of the boat, which
Surging is caused by seawaterwaves.
Yawning
Pitching
Surging
Heaving
The motion of the ship, which tends to rotate the ship about its traverse axis
Pitching caused by seawater waves
Yawning
Pitching
Swaying
Heaving
The motion of the ship, which tends to move horizontally on its sides caused
Swaying by seawater waves.
Swaying
Pitching
Surging
Heaving
Pneumatic These shall be used for field riveting excluding hand tools to be permitted by
hammers the engineer.
Pneumatic hammers
Rollers
Crane
Vibrator
This is similar to passenger planning in that both may be used to satisfy policy
goals in transportationthat includes forecast demand, economic competition,
Freight planning etc…
Logistic planning
Environmental planning
Freight planning
Accessibility planning
stock rail It refers to the fixed rail in a railway track which is part of a switch.
stock rail
wing rail
check rail
tongue rail
These members laid transversely under the rails for supporting them are
Sleepers called:
Fish plate
Ballast
Bearing plates
Sleepers
Spikes The fittings used to fix the rails to the wooden sleeper is called:
Fish plates
Clip
Spikes
Chair
maximizes the
economic well-
being Which of the following is not described by the bond value?
agrees to lend the bond issuer money
receives periodic interest payments
maximizes the economic well-being
provides excellent commercial value
The paper currency issued by the Central Bank which forms part of the
Bank note country’s money supply.
Treasury bills
Bank note
Check
Coupon
Marginal cost These are the additional costs of producing one more unit of a product.
Sunk cost
Increment cost
Marginal cost
Fixed cost
Compensatory These involve with the values for all attributes must be converted into a
models common measurement scales inevery economic alternative.
Taxation scale
Compensatory models
Dimensional model
Cash flow
It refers to the period of time in years that results in the minimum equivalent
Economic life annual cost.
Ownership life
Physical life
Useful life
Economic life
Interest rates Which of the following is NOT a common factor for break even analysis?
Capacity utilization
Annual revenue and expenses
Rate of return
Interest rates
Spain The official currency of the following countries is “pesos” EXCEPT:
Philippines
Spain
Mexico
Argentina
Cinema tickets Which of the following products is not considered as sales tax?
Books
Meals
Groceries
Cinema tickets
Volatile These are the liquids that vaporizes easily.
Ideal
Newtonian
Volatile
Bingham
above the center
of gravity A ship floating in seawater is table if the metacentric height is:
below the center of gravity
above the center of gravity
coincides with the center of gravity
the draft of the ship causes a buoyant force equal to the weight of the ship
and its cargo.
A device used to measure pressure heads in pipes where the liquid is in
Piezometer motion.
U tube
Barometer
Piezometer
Manometer
It refers to the pressures that are above or below the atmosphere and can be
Relative pressure measured by pressure gagesor manometers.
Atmospheric pressure
Absolute pressure
Barometric pressure
Relative pressure
Changes in water
flow These are the causes of minor losses EXCEPT:
Sudden contraction
Bends
Valves
Changes in water flow
Hazen-Williams This formula in pipes is most commonly used in waterworks.
Darcy-Weisbach
Manning
Hazen-Williams
Chezy
Nappe This refers to the overflowing stream in a weir.
Suppressed
Nappe
Head
Contracted
In precipitation , these consist of tiny liquid droplets, usually with diameters
between 0.1 and 0.5 mm,with such slow settling rates that they occasionally
Drizzle appear to float.
Rain
Hail
Snow
Drizzle
Most Efficient These are the sections which the parameters of channel flow will give
Section maximum discharge.
Normal Depth
Critical Flow
Most Efficient Section
Hydraulic Grade Line
Sewerage The first “S” in MWSS stands for:
System
Sewerage
Stock
Society
This test is described as follows: “The water supply at the inlet is adjusted in
such a way that thedifference of head between the inlet and the outlet
Constant Head remains constant during the test period.”
Falling head
Vane Shear
Constant Head
Pumping Head
It is a device by which a 60° cone that is used to allow independent
determination of the coneresistance and frictional resistance of the soil
Penetrometer above the ground.
Sand cone
Pyncnometer
Penetrometer
Rubber balloon
These are pushed or driven into the soil that can be used in permeability
Porous probes tests.
Porous probes
Permeameter
Pump well
Head pump
Settlement It is the direct result of the decrease in the soil volume.
Consolidation
Settlement
Compressibility
Transmissibility
He proposed a method based on pressuremeter tests from which the load-
Briaud settlement diagrams of foundationscan be derived.
Meyerhof
Boussinesq
Briaud
Westergaard
Shear vane These consists of four equal sized thin steel plates welded to a steel torque.
Sieve
Pressuremeter
Sand cone
Shear vane
Core Boring It is usually done during drilling on rock formations.
Borrow pit
Test pit
Core Boring
Auger boring
Side shear This is also called skin friction.
Rear shear
Back shear
Side shear
Upper shear
It is the slope of the normal consolidation line in a plot of void ratio against
Compression index the natural logarithm
Plasticity index
Consolidation index
Liquidity index
Compression index
Slip plane In slope stability, it refers to the surface of sliding
Failure plane
Bearing plane
Consolidation plane
Slip plane
Internal Force What refers to the force that holds part of the rigid body together?
Natural Force
External Force
Internal Force
Concentrated Force
Strain It refers to the deformation of the member per unit length.
Stress
Strain
Torsion
Shear
Fatigue This refers to the stresses much lower than the static breaking strength.
Rupture
Deformation
Deflection
Fatigue
Is is determined merely by dividing either the stress at yield or the ultimate
Working stress stress by a number termedthe safety factor.
Normal stress
Shear Stress
Flexural stress
Working stress
It is the angular change between two perpendicular faces of a differential
Shearing strain element.
Modulus of rigidity
Allowable stress
Shearing strain
Rupture strength
In mohr’s circle which of the following terms defined as the inclined or slope
Orientation Angle surface of the plane?
Area
Orientation Angle
Principal stress
Max. shear stress
He proposed the consistent deformation method that involves removing
restraints from indeterminatestructures to render the structures
James Maxwell determinate.
Otto Mohr
Hardy Cross
James Maxwell
Alberto Castigliano
Microcrack These are cracks that are too fine and seen by the naked eye.
Microcrack
Honeycomb
Swelling
Creep
This method is used to control the deflection of reinforced concrete with long
Cambering span members.
Curing
Steel Reinforcing
Cambering
Reducing dimensions

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A defined surface on an airport prepared or suitable for the landing or

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