PRE-CALCULUS (1ST QUARTER)

FORMULAS
CIRCLE
Center Standard Form
(ℎ, 𝑘) (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(0, 0) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
𝑏 2
Completing the square 𝑐=( )
2𝑎
PARABOLA

Principal Axis Vertex Directrix Focus Standard Form

Case 1: (ℎ, 𝑘) 𝑦 = 𝑘−𝑝 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑝) (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑝(𝑦 − 𝑘)

Vertical (0, 0) 𝑦 = −𝑝 (0, 𝑝) 𝑥 2 = 4𝑝𝑦

Case 2: (ℎ, 𝑘) 𝑥 =ℎ−𝑝 (ℎ + 𝑝, 𝑘 ) (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑝(𝑥 − ℎ)

Horizontal (0, 0) 𝑥 = −𝑝 (𝑝, 0) 𝑦 2 = 4𝑝𝑥
Latus Rectum 𝐿𝑅 = |4𝑝|
ELLIPSE

Principal Axis Center Vertices Co-vertices Foci Standard Form

(ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑎, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑏) (ℎ ± 𝑐, 𝑘)
(𝑥 − ℎ )2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
+ =1
Case 1: 𝑎2 𝑏2
Horizontal
𝑥2 𝑦2
(0, 0) (±𝑎, 0) (0, ± 𝑏) (±𝑐, 0) + =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2

(ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑎) (ℎ ± 𝑏, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑐)

(𝑥 − ℎ )2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
+ =1
Case 2: 𝑏2 𝑎2
Vertical
𝑥2 𝑦2
(0, 0) (0, ± 𝑎) (±𝑏, 0) (0, ± 𝑐) + =1
𝑏 2 𝑎2
Length of major axis 2𝑎
Length of minor axis 2𝑏
Pythagorean Theorem (solving for 𝒄) 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
HYPERBOLA
Principal
Center Vertices Co-vertices Foci Asymptotes Standard Form
Axis

(ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ ± 𝑎, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑏) (ℎ ± 𝑐, 𝑘)
𝑏 (𝑥 − ℎ )2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
(𝑦 − 𝑘) = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) − =1
Case 1: 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑏2
Horizontal
𝑏 𝑥2 𝑦2
(0, 0) (±𝑎, 0) (0, ± 𝑏) (±𝑐, 0) 𝑦=± 𝑥 − =1
𝑎 𝑎2 𝑏 2

(ℎ, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑎) (ℎ ± 𝑏, 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 ± 𝑐)

𝑎
(𝑦 − 𝑘) = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 (𝑥 − ℎ )2
𝑏 − =1
Case 2: 𝑎2 𝑏2
Vertical 𝑎 𝑦2 𝑥2
(0, 0) (0, ± 𝑎) (±𝑏, 0) (0, ± 𝑐) 𝑦=± 𝑥 − =1
𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏 2
Length of transverse axis 2𝑎
Length of conjugate axis 2𝑏
Pythagorean Theorem (solving for 𝒄) 𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
2

2𝑏 2
Latus Rectum 𝐿𝑅 =
𝑎