PILGRIMAGE TOURISM: CHRISTIAN DEVOTEES’ CHURCH

PREFERENCES DURING VISITA IGLESIA

IN MANILA CITY

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
Tourism Management Program
STI College Global City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science Tourism
Management

Kerl Vincent C. Abbang

John Andrew V.
Amrinto Ruzel Depita
Lyra B. Seria
Quennie B. Señalista

2023
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL APPROVAL SHEET
This research proposal entitled: Pilgrimage Tourism: Study Of Christian Devotees Church
Preferences DuringVisita Iglesia In Manila City was prepared and submitted by Kerl Vincent
C. Abbang ; John Andrew V. Amrinto Ruzel Depita; Lyra B. Seria and Quennie B. Señalista
, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science <Program>, has
been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval.

Ariane Otordos
Research Adviser

Gray Japeth Gelbolingo

Research Coordinator

Berson Mari Bisnar

Program Head
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Table of Contents iii
CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1
A. Background of the Study
B. Research Questions
C. Significance of the Study
D. Review of Related Literature
E. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
References
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The current research focuses mostly on the purpose and practices of Visita Iglesia
within the Roman Catholic tradition. However, there is a significant gap in the
literature regarding the influence of Visita Iglesia on individuals from various
religious origins or those who identify as nonreligious. This study seeks to fill the
gap by exploring the cultural, social, and personal impacts of participation in Visita
Iglesia for non-Catholics, therefore acquiring to a better understanding of interfaith
relationships and cultural experiences.

Comparing Christianity to other religions in ancient Rome, Christianity remained out

into the world. It alone placed emphasis on principles and ideologies. It may seem
unusual, but one's religious beliefs were irrelevant in the early Roman faiths. What
one thought or believed about the gods had no bearing on their religion. Prayer and
sacrifice were what counted most. Erhman (2022) Today, a lot of individuals are
willing to work together and cohabit peacefully with people from different religions.
Promoting understanding and harmony among different faiths that may be
accomplished through cultivating acceptance and an appreciation of other religious
practises.

The influence of Visita Iglesia on those who are not Roman Catholic differ. While
participation may not have the same theological meaning for non-Catholics, it may
impart cultural insights, create interpersonal understanding, and encourage
community engagement. It may also be an opportunity to learn about the historical
and architectural characteristics of the churches you visit.

To those who are Catholics and non-Catholics observe Holy Week in various ways
depending on their habits and beliefs, some participate in church activities while
others go on vacation. Garcia (2019) What other religions believe to be the most
important week of the year, according to Catholics, is observed by Muslims,
Christians, and others.
Many non-Catholics view Holy Week as a peaceful time to unwind, rest, and spend
time with their families.
A Baptist said that her family typically takes a trip around Holy Week.
Loui Alfred Puno, a member of the Iglesia Ni Cristo, and Gelli Esguerra, a Seventh
Day Adventist, go on vacation with their separate families during Holy Week.
For non-Catholics like himself, "Holy week is considered a holiday in our country,
so it's the time of year where reunions/summer getaways/vacation time happens," he
said. We typically use this time to travel there since these are the only days when
practically everyone in the family.

The assertion that all other religions are opposed to Christian customs is untrue.
While there may be variations in the doctrines and rituals of different religions, it is
important to understand that not all adherents of other religions are inherently hostile
to Christianity or its activities. Even within a single religious tradition, attitudes and
opinions differ greatly from person to person.

Differences in religious doctrine and practice are an inherent aspect of the spiritual
diversity of people. Some factors that people of other faiths may object to or disagree
with about specific Christian practices include:

Theological Disagreements: For instance, some non-Christian religions may deny

specific Christian concepts like the Trinity or the deity of Jesus Christ, which can
result in theological disputes.

Historical Conflicts: Throughout history, religious disputes and rivalry for adherents
have occasionally caused hostility and tension between various religious groups.
Mistrust or misunderstandings may be caused by previous confrontations.
Differences in culture and society can also influence how individuals see the
activities of other religions. Cultural variations might cause religious activities to be
misunderstood or misinterpreted.

Lack of Information: Stereotypes and misunderstandings about other religions

might result from a lack of information and misconceptions about them. Because of
incomplete or inaccurate information, people may have unfavourable perceptions.

Foreign Literature

According to Oroskhan (2021),Mysticism is a way of thinking that is not widely

held by the majority of people in the world, but it is rooted in some special people.
The concept of mysticism is not systematically defined as a fixed collection of
concepts, but is more likely to be developed by the people engaging with this
subject. It is less of a coherent movement than it is a style of thinking. Each
individual carries this idea in his or her own independent exploration because the
idea is so deeply individualized. As a result, William Blake aimed the idea at a kind
of devotional mysticism that placed an emphasis on the person's perseverance in
achieving union with God. A classical Persian poet named Hafez-e Shirazi used a
similar approach to his poetry to represent the idea of mysticism as a starting point
for future research.

According to Erandole (2021), standardization in architecture and interior design

has been fueled by globalization. Cities have been changed, spatial patterns have
changed, and the built environment has been shaped by it. By creating comparable
built environments, this homogeneity has been separating man from the built world.
Contrarily, architecture that adapts to its surroundings creates something more
significant. The user and the architecture engage in conversation with one another
and with their surroundings.

According to Cyan (2023), a scholarship established to encourage inquiry- based,

globally-minded research into modern architecture. The winning study, "Tracing
Sand: Phantom Territories, Bodies Adrift," explores the complex effects of sand
mining and reclamation as seen from cultural, economic, and ecological viewpoints.
The simple substance, which is used to make glass, concrete, asphalt roads, and
artificial land, has evolved into an essential part of our built environment and
human settlements. However, the act of dredging underwater systems and sand
mining causes the disturbance of habitats, shaping one while destroying the other.

According to Mir (2023), the historical significance of its cultural heritage is

frequently disregarded despite its natural beauty. In Sopore, the Meeraz Mahal is a
key tourist destination and is regarded as a valuable cultural heritage monument.
The significance of Meeraz Mahal in the cultural heritage of the area is examined in
this essay along with other hidden gems in Sopore

According to Winyarat (2022), the ability to construct historical knowledge based

on facts from primary sources frees the history student from historical narratives
that purport to define who we are and where our allegiances should lie. For
instance, by studying the rise of contemporary mass politics, we may better
comprehend the meaning of words like "nation," "republic," and "democracy," as
well as how they are used in rhetoric by public leaders today. Knowing our past
enables us to actively shape the customs, regulations, and institutions that govern
our lives rather than merely accepting others' definitions of them as fact. The
critical study of history is crucial to our comprehension of the shared human
experience, both within the boundaries of our own community and in the larger
context that includes other, more distant groups. The traditions and values of
societies that may appear strange to us but with whom we must deal in an
increasingly integrated, global economy might be better understood by having a
historical understanding of those societies.

According to Driel, Drie and Boxtel (2022), historical reasoning is thought to be

based on the idea of historical importance. The process of determining importance
is based on standards and is connected to the identity of the significance-giver.
However, little is understood about students' reading, writing, and thinking
processes when they assign significance.

According to Popa (2022), understanding the connections between the past, present,
and future is something that students can learn about by developing their historical
consciousness. However, putting the construct into reality is still a field -related
conundrum. A competency-based approach has recently been used to operationalize
historical consciousness, but this is perhaps problematic because its proponents see
historical consciousness as a hermeneutic quest for meaning while operationalizing
it as a set path of mental processing.
According to Marjorie Quiaoit and Hideki Furuya (2023) nowadays, travel-related
websites

are regarded as a significant component of the tourism industry since they not only
give prospective tourists unbiased opinions of a location or organization but also
allow tourism managers to better grasp the requirements, wants, and expectations of
the market. Only a small number of studies have been done regarding the latter.

Local Literature

According to Bautista (2021), the Santo Niño de Cebu, a statue of the child Jesus
that is the object of widespread popular devotion among Roman Catholics in the
Philippines. The central hypothesis is that a continuing challenge of Roman
Catholicism in the Philippines, at least from the perspective of the institutional
Church, lies not in the extra liturgical performance of its rituals, but rather in the
popular belief that sacred objects possess agency and personhood. The discussion
of this theme unfolds over three analytical movements. The focus of the initial
section is on the historical context in which the Santo Niño became established as
the preeminent religious and cultural icon of the Philippines, going as far back as
the sixteenth century. As thousands of Santo Nio worshippers undertake three
embodied rituals, the conversation moves to the subject of the agency of inanimate
objects.

According to Pernes and Santos (2020), this study looked at the physical
representations of architectural things for the idea of power. In order to theorize
how this translation process occurs between the signifier (an architectural object)
and signified (power), a semiological approach to form analysis was developed. 18
structures were chosen as representative examples of the institutions that mediate
power between the national government and the local government units in the
provinces of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines. The information obtained on-
site was drafted and converted into two-dimensional drawings with the aid of
computer software. Following that, the building shapes were examined using a five-
phase semiological methodology.

According to Mañosa (2019), the architectural legacy, the homes of the country's
numerous ethnic groups, the churches and mosques, and the structures that have
grown in response to the needs of progress and the ambitions of the populace are all
examples

of how the history and culture of the Philippines are portrayed. Today's Philippine
architecture is a product of natural development that has been enriched by the
infiltration of several influences. It evolved from the pre-colonial influences of our
close neighbors, the Malay people, and persisted through Spanish colonial times,
the American Commonwealth era, and modern times. As a result, the Philippines'
distinctively Filipino architecture includes a touch of western influence. Leandro
Locsin, a late national hero for architecture, once said that Philippine architecture is
an elusive thing because, despite making full use of modern technology, it is a
residue of the various overlays of foreign influences left in the Philippines over the
centuries: the early Malay culture and remnants of earlier Hindu influences, the
more than 300 years of Spanish dominance, the almost 50 years of American rule,
the Arab and Chinese influences through commensurate architecture, and the more
recent Chinese and Arab influences. the ancient Malay culture and traces of earlier
Hindu influences, the more than 300 years of Spanish control, the nearly 50 years
of American rule, and the Arab and Chinese influences through centuries of trade
and commerce.

According to Fulgar (2022), with a rich and varied history that includes Spanish
colonial rule, American and Japanese occupation during World War II, and other
influences, the Philippines has a unique and distinctive fusion of cultures and
architectural styles that can be seen all over the country. The architecture of the
Philippines is still deeply rooted in culture, tradition, and a distinct past that still
resonates today. Examples include nipa huts and towering churches with exquisite
Baroque designs. The nation has a long and diverse architectural heritage that is
influenced by its colonial past. Every street corner offers a unique combination of
tastes, views, and moods. The way the Philippines' culture and history are
intertwined in this setting is amazing. Ornate cathedrals with complex Baroque
decorations that honor their Catholic past, like the Manila Cathedral and the San
Agustin Church in Intramuros, are a relic of Spanish colonial control. These holy
structures, which have endured numerous wars and natural disasters, are a
monument to Philippine history and cultural legacy.
Theoretical Framework

Figure 1: The conditioning background of contemporary religious tourism

Liro (2023)

Numerous research have been done on religious tourists (particularly their

motivations) in the condition of knowledge. Their interactions, however, have not
been investigated. The analysis of the interdependencies of visitor characteristics,
which is given in accordance with contemporary postmodern approaches, offers a
chance to comprehend the complexity and multifaceted nature of religious tourism
in the context of a changing world and to choose its future development paths.
The theories behind a. background influences on modern religious tourism, b. Routes for
religious tourism have been created. Liro (2023) This study demonstrates that tourists'
intrinsic drive is equally relevant to extrinsic motivating variables, such as architecture,
history, and other cultural aspects of religious places, which have previously received more
attention in other studies (Lupu et al., 2019). Finding one's own place and taking a vacation
from the busy outside world are much appreciated. The study also sheds light on the
significance of encounters that include merely 'being,' emphasizing the tourist's personal
interpretation of the actual event.
 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.2 Factors that influence Christian Pilgrims church preferences

during Visita Iglecia in Manila

The researchers will investigate for any appreciable differences between the
respondents’ responses on to the factors influencing their Visita Iglesia decisions in
terms of Devotion, architectural features, Historical significance and Accessibility,
and their demographic profiles. In accordance with this, Researchers will be able to
suggest a circuit route guide that will enhance the pilgrims’ Visita Iglesia
experience. This will serves as serves a tool companion for any Filipino pilgrim
undertaking a pilgrimage.

Research Question

This study aimed to seek answers in the study about “Pilgrimage

Tourism: An Exploratory study of Christian devotees church preferences
during Visita Iglesia in Manila City”. Specifically, it sought answers to the
following:
1. What is the demographic profile in terms of:

3.1 Age

3.2 Sex

3.3 Civil Status

2. What are the factors that influence the Filipino pilgrims to participate during the

Visita Iglesia tradition in terms of:

3.1 Devotion

2.2 Architectural Features

2.3 Historical Significance

2.4 Accessibility

3. Is there is a significant relationship between the factors that affects the Filipino

pilgrims in visiting churches in Manila in terms of:

4. What is the proposed pilgrim circuit for Visita Iglesia in Manila?

Significance of the Study

This paper aims to exists in our understanding of the specific characteristics that
influence Christian devotees' choices when choosing churches during Visita Iglesia
and it will provide significant to the following:

The Devotees. This research will benefit Devotees through gaining information and
insights about the destination that they will visit.

The Student. The student will learn more about factors that influence to Christian
devotees to attend a Visita Iglesia.

The Academic. This research will have a contribution in furthering academic

knowledge that can use reliability of the information gathered in Visita Iglesia.

The Researchers. This research will allow each member to obtain knowledge
about the Christian devotee’s church preferences during Visita Iglesia in manila.

Future Researchers. This study will benefit future researchers by being significant

Scope and Delimitations

The study centers on Visita Iglesia, a religious tradition of the Philippines during
the Holy Week. This study aimed the preferences of Christian devotees when
choosing a church in Manila city for the said tradition. The study is largely
dependent on the honesty, sincerity, and opinion of the respondents which are the
Christians Devotees but because of limited time, money and other factors, it will be
limited to only some Christians Devotees in Manila City.

Definition of Terms

Catholic - literally means "universal," as in "the universal church" The word in

English can mean "including a wide variety of things; all-embracing," or "of the
Roman Catholic faith."

Historical significance- usually refers to the impact some event has on future
generations. It is the process used to evaluate what was significant about selected
events, people, and developments in the past that had an impact towards changing
the future (as far as man can).

Holy week or Semana Santa - is the entire week between Palm Sunday and Holy
Saturday is included in Holy Week, and some church traditions have daily services
during the week.

Pilgrims - are the strong believers in a particular religion or god also, a follower.

Pilgrimage tourism - is a form of tourism, wherein people of faith travel

individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure purposes.

Tradition - is a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used
by the people and has been part of the culture in a particular group, family, society,
etc., for a long time.

Visita Iglesia or Visitation of the Churches is an ancient pious Roman Catholic

Lenten tradition to visit seven churches to pray and meditate on the evening of Holy
Thursday
 CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The study is a descriptive research design. This kind of design

The quantitative data is normally prioritized, and the two methodologies are
combined at the study's interpretation phase" (p. 223).
The study's results will be based on the opinions, attitudes, and traits of
Filipino pilgrims when choosing a church destination for Visita Iglesia. The
majority of the information we gathered, based on the data we gathered,
focuses on identifying factors that affect Filipino Catholics' decision-making
when choosing a church.

Research Respondents
One hundred six pilgrims from the Philippines who actively participated in
Visita Iglesia in Manila served as the study's responders. Regardless of their
gender or socioeconomic level, they were chosen using random sampling
because they attended Visita Iglesia during Holy Week 2023 and had the
same religion.
The acceptable range that willing to accept for the reliability of sample
estimate is shown by the 8 percent margin of error. In other terms, the
researchers want to be as exact as possible and will range between 8 percent
points and the actual population amount. According to statistical theory, 95
percent confident that the true population parameter is within the computed
margin of error of 95 percentage use as confidence level provides an equal
balance and is a standard choice of many researchers. The population size of
20,000 is important in the calculations because of the limited devotees that
have so confidence level is 90 and sample size would need to be 106
devotees.

Sampling Technique
A collection of non-probability sampling methods are referred to as
"purposeful sampling" when units are chosen for the sample because they
meet specific criteria. As a result, units are chosen "on purpose" in purposive
sampling. This sampling strategy, also known as judgmental sampling,
depends on the researcher's judgment when deciding which people,
situations, or occurrences would yield the most useful data for the study's
goals. Finding the examples, people, or communities most suited to assisting
you in answering your research issue is the major objective of purposive
sampling. Purposive sampling is therefore most effective when you have a
lot of background knowledge on your research issue. The quality of your
sample will be higher the more details you have. Nikolopoulou (2023).

Research Instruments

Researchers will be using a written questionnaire or survey. Surveys may be

used for descriptive, explanatory and exploratory research. A descriptive
survey design was used. A survey is used to utilizing questionnaires to
gather and analyze data from respondents is a broad research technique.
McCombes, (2023)

In this study, data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires that

the researcher physically gave to the study participants. The survey contains
both closed ended. The questionnaire's first section verifies the respondent's
demographic profile, and its second section uses a Likert scale. A Likert scale is
a” type of rating system used to quantitatively evaluate beliefs, attitudes, or
actions. It consists of four or more questions that, when response rates are added
up, indicate a single viewpoint or trait” McCombes, (2023) It is to rate the
elements that they take into account while choosing a church to visit during the
Visita Iglesia.
 Construction and Validation of the Instruments

Statistical Treatment
Likert Scale Interval

Likert scale/intervals Interpretation

3.25 – 3.99(4.0) Strongly Agree
2.50 – 3.24 Agree
1.75 – 2.49 Disagree
1.00 – 1.74 Strongly Disagree
Table 1: Likert scale/intervals

Percentage Formula

f
p= x 100
n

Where:

f = frequency

n = total number of responses

p = percentage

Weighted mean

Below is the formula to calculate weighted mean.

 n

∑ wiXi
w= i=1n
∑ wi
i=1

Where:

w = weighted mean

n = number of terms to be averaged

wi = weight apply in x values

Xi = number of terms to be averaged

Chi-squared test

Below is the formula to calculate Chi-squared test:

 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS
Add introductory paragraph for chapter III.

1. What is the demographic profile in terms of:

Table 1: Sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Female 53 50.0 50.0 50.0
Male 53 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0

Figure 1
Table 1 and figure 1 shows that there is an equal distribution of male and female respondents.
 Table 2: Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 18-27 years old 28 26.4 26.4 26.4
28-37 years old 18 17.0 17.0 43.4
38-47 years old 19 17.9 17.9 61.3
48-57 years old 23 21.7 21.7 83.0
60 Above years 18 17.0 17.0 100.0
old
Total 106 100.0 100.0

Figure 2
Table 2 and figure 2 shows that majority of 106 respondents 28 (26.4%) were ages between 18-
27 years old, followed by 23 (21. %) were ages between 48-57 years old, followed by
19(17.9%) were ages between 38- 47 years’ old, followed by 18 (17.0%) were ages 28-37 years
old and 60 Above years’ old
 Table 3: Civil Status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Divorced/ Separated 7 6.6 6.6 6.6
Married 43 40.6 40.6 47.2
Single 48 45.3 45.3 92.5
Widowed 8 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
Figure 3

Table 3 and figure 3 shows that majority of 106 respondents 48 (45.3%) were single, followed by
43(40.6) were married, followed by 8(7.5%) were widowed and 7(6.6%) were Divorced/
Separated
 2. What are the factors that influence the Filipino pilgrims to participate during

the Visita Iglesia tradition in terms of:

2.1. Devotion

Table 4: An act of devotion to God in exchange for a miracle.

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 1 STRONGLY DISAGREE 2 2.0 0.9 0.9
2 DISAGREE 5 4.7 4.7 5.7
3 AGREE 33 31.0 31.1 36.8
4 STRONGLY AGREE 66 62.3 62.3 99.1
Total 106 100.0 100.0

Table 4
Table 4 and figure 4 shows for devotion was an act of devotion to God in exchange for a miracle
majority of 106 respondents represented by 66 (62.3%) responded Strongly Agree, followed by
27(37.5) responded Agree, followed by 5(6.9%) responded Disagree and 1(1.4%) was responded
Strongly Disagree
On the next table and graphs follow my example in table 4 for the next inrerpretation

I want to pray and touch a holy relic which can bring good fortune.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 6 5.7 5.7 5.7
3 AGREE 46 43.4 43.4 49.1
4 STRONGLY AGREE 54 50.9 50.9 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0

I want to experience the joyous feeling of spiritual connection and being close to God.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 2 1.9 1.9 1.9
3 AGREE 34 32.1 32.1 34.0
4 STRONGLY AGREE 70 66.0 66.0 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 It is an act of penance for sins.
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 1 STRONGLY DISAGREE 2 1.9 1.9 1.9
2 DISAGREE 8 7.5 7.5 9.4
3 AGREE 39 36.8 36.8 46.2
4 STRONGLY AGREE 57 53.8 53.8 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 My participation in religious activities demonstrates my love to God.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 4 3.8 3.8 3.8
3 AGREE 29 27.4 27.4 31.1
4 STRONGLY AGREE 73 68.9 68.9 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 2.1 Devotion
Response Weighted Mean Interpretation Rank

I want to pray and touch a holy relic

3.40 Strongly Agree 5
which can bring good fortune.

An act of devotion to God in exchange

3.44 Strongly Agree 4
for a miracle.
It is an act of penance for sins. 3.49 Strongly Agree 3

My participation in religious activities

3.63 Strongly Agree 2
demonstrates my love to God.

I want to experience the joyous feeling

of spiritual connection and being close 3.68 Strongly Agree 1
to God.
Overall Weighted Mean 3.53 Strongly Agree
Legend: 3.25 – 3.99(4.0) - Strongly Agree, 2.50 – 3.24 – Agree, 1.75 – 2.49 – Disagree, 1.00 – 1.74- Strongly Disagree
 2.2. Architectural Features

I like to appreciate the architecture and designs of the church.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 4 3.8 3.8 3.8
3 AGREE 33 31.1 31.1 34.9
4 STRONGLY AGREE 69 65.1 65.1 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0

The designs are inspired from different countries that made it more attractive.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 4 3.8 3.8 3.8
3 AGREE 43 40.6 40.6 44.3
4 STRONGLY AGREE 59 55.7 55.7 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 The church's architecture suited my preferences for a light, tidy, and serene place to
pray
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 2 1.9 1.9 1.9
3 AGREE 31 29.2 29.2 31.1
4 STRONGLY AGREE 73 68.9 68.9 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0

The church has unique features that are not found in any other church.
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 1 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 .9 .9 .9
2 DISAGREE 3 2.8 2.8 3.8
3 AGREE 36 34.0 34.0 37.7
4 STRONGLY AGREE 66 62.3 62.3 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 The architectural design of a church significantly influences a devotee’s choice of
church for religious worship.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 7 6.6 6.6 6.6
3 AGREE 34 32.1 32.1 38.7
4 STRONGLY AGREE 65 61.3 61.3 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 The architectural design of a church significantly influences a devotee’s choice of
church for religious worship.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 7 6.6 6.6 6.6
3 AGREE 34 32.1 32.1 38.7
4 STRONGLY AGREE 65 61.3 61.3 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 2.2. Architectural Features
Response Weighted Mean Interpretation Rank
I like to appreciate the 3.61
architecture and designs of the church. Strongly Agree 2

The designs are inspired from different 3.52

countries that made it more attractive.
Strongly Agree 5

The church's architecture suited my 3.67

preferences for a light, tidy, and serene Strongly Agree 1
place to pray
The church has unique features that 3.58
are not found in any other church. Strongly Agree 3

The architectural design of a church 3.55

significantly influences a devotee’s Strongly Agree 4
choice of church for religious worship.
Overall Weighted Mean 3.58 Strongly Agree
Legend: 3.25 – 3.99(4.0) - Strongly Agree, 2.50 – 3.24 – Agree, 1.75 – 2.49 – Disagree, 1.00 – 1.74- Strongly Disagree
2.3 Historical Significance

The church has that character interest or value as being part of the development of
Manila.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 2 1.9 1.9 1.9
3 AGREE 32 30.2 30.2 32.1
4 STRONGLY AGREE 72 67.9 67.9 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0

The church illustrates the colorful past of Manila city

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 4 3.8 3.8 3.8
3 AGREE 42 39.6 39.6 43.4
4 STRONGLY AGREE 60 56.6 56.6 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 The church has endured wars, natural calamities, and centuries of change, making it a
significant cultural and historical sites in the Philippines.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 1 .9 .9 .9
3 AGREE 36 34.0 34.0 34.9
4 STRONGLY AGREE 69 65.1 65.1 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
The physical characteristics of the church, including the exterior, the aisles, the mosaic
in the apse, the exquisite ceiling floor, and some of the other artwork, reveal the
church's cultural a...
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 2 1.9 1.9 1.9
3 AGREE 41 38.7 38.7 40.6
4 STRONGLY AGREE 63 59.4 59.4 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
It Interest me the history of the church, including how it was constructed and how old it
is.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 4 3.8 3.8 3.8
3 AGREE 31 29.2 29.2 33.0
4 STRONGLY AGREE 71 67.0 67.0 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 2.3 Historical Significance
Response Weighted Mean Interpretation Rank
The church has that character interest or 3.66
value as being part of the development of Strongly Agree 1
Manila.
The church illustrates the colorful past of 3.53
Manila city Strongly Agree 5

The church has endured wars, natural 3.64

calamities, and centuries of change,
Strongly Agree 2
making it a significant cultural and
historical sites in the Philippines.
The physical characteristics of the church, 3.58
including the exterior, the aisles, the
mosaic in the apse, the exquisite ceiling Strongly Agree 5
floor, and some of the other artwork,
reveal the church's cultural a...

It Interest me the history of the church, 3.63

including how it was constructed and how Strongly Agree 3
old it is.
Overall weighted Mean 3.61 Strongly Agree

2.4 Accessibility

The church is accessible from our home.

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 10 9.4 9.4 9.4
3 AGREE 23 21.7 21.7 31.1
4 STRONGLY 73 68.9 68.9 100.0
AGREE
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 The churches are not far apart from each other.
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 1 STRONGLY 2 1.9 1.9 1.9
DISAGREE
2 DISAGREE 5 4.7 4.7 6.6
3 AGREE 43 40.6 40.6 47.2
4 STRONGLY 56 52.8 52.8 100.0
AGREE
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 The churches are easily accessed by commuting.

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 4 3.8 3.8 3.8
3 AGREE 36 34.0 34.0 37.7
4 STRONGLY AGREE 66 62.3 62.3 100.0
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 2 DISAGREE 13 12.3 12.3 12.3
3 AGREE 40 37.7 37.7 50.0
4 STRONGLY 53 50.0 50.0 100.0
AGREE
Total 106 100.0 100.0
 2.4 Accessibility
Weighted
Response Interpretation Rank
Mean
The church is accessible from our home. · 3.59 Strongly Agree 1
The churches are not far apart from each other. 3.44 Strongly Agree 3
The churches are easily accessed by commuting. 3.58 Strongly Agree 2
There is clear signages and information available for 3.38
participants with Senior and Person with Disabilities to Strongly Agree 4
navigate the pilgrimage route in Manila City.
The Devotees informed of any special safety measures or 3.34
rules either before or during the pilgrimage site. Strongly Agree 3
Overall Weighted Mean 3.47 Strongly Agree
Legend: 3.25 – 3.99(4.0) - Strongly Agree, 2.50 – 3.24 – Agree, 1.75 – 2.49 – Disagree, 1.00 – 1.74- Strongly Disagree
 3. there is a significant relationship between the factors that affects the Filipino

pilgrims in visiting churches in Manila.

Hypothesis Test Summary

Null Hypothesis Test Sig. Decision
1 The categories of An act of devotion to God in One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
exchange for a miracle. occur with equal Square Test hypothesis.
probabilities.
2 The categories of I want to pray and touch a holy relic One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
which can bring good fortune. occur with equal Square Test hypothesis.
probabilities.
3 The categories defined by I want to experience the One-Sample Binomial .003 Reject the null
joyous feeling of spiritual connection and being close Test hypothesis.
to God. = 4 STRONGLY AGREE and 3 AGREE
occur with probabilities .500 and .500.
4 The categories of It is an act of penance for sins. One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
occur with equal probabilities. Square Test hypothesis.
5 The categories of My participation in religious One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
activities demonstrates my love to God. occur with Square Test hypothesis.
equal probabilities.
6 The categories defined by I like to One-Sample Binomial .025 Reject the null
appreciate the architecture and designs of the church. Test hypothesis.
= 3 AGREE and 4 STRONGLY AGREE occur with
probabilities .500 and .500.
7 The categories of The designs are inspired from One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
different countries that made it more attractive. occur Square Test hypothesis.
with equal probabilities.
8 The categories of The church's architecture suited my One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
preferences for a light, tidy, and serene place to pray Square Test hypothesis.
occur with equal probabilities.
9 The categories of The church has unique features that One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
are not found in any other church. occur with equal Square Test hypothesis.
probabilities.
10 The categories of The architectural design of a church One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
significantly influences a devotee’s choice of church Square Test hypothesis.
for religious worship. occur with equal probabilities.
11 The categories of The church has that character One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
interest or value as being part of the development of Square Test hypothesis.
Manila. occur with equal probabilities.
12 The categories of The church illustrates the colorful One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
past of Manila city occur with equal probabilities. Square Test hypothesis.
13 The categories of The church has endured wars, One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
natural calamities, and centuries of change, making it Square Test hypothesis.
a significant cultural and historical sites in the
Philippines. occur with equal probabilities.
14 The categories of The physical characteristics of the One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
church, including the exterior, the aisles, the mosaic in Square Test hypothesis.
the apse, the exquisite ceiling floor, and some of the
other artwork, reveal the church's cultural a... occur
with equal probabilities.
15 The categories of It Interest me the history of the One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
church, including how it was constructed and how old Square Test hypothesis.
it is. occur with equal probabilities.
16 The categories of The church is accessible from our One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
home. occur with equal probabilities. Square Test hypothesis.
17 The categories of One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
The churches are not far apart from each other. occur Square Test hypothesis.
with equal probabilities.
18 The categories of The churches are easily accessed One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
by commuting. occur with equal probabilities. Square Test hypothesis.
19 The categories of There is clear signages and One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
information available for participants with Senior and Square Test hypothesis.
Person with Disabilities to navigate the pilgrimage
route in Manila City. occur with equal probabilities.
20 The categories of The Devotees informed of any One-Sample Chi- .000 Reject the null
special safety measures or rules either before or Square Test hypothesis.
during the pilgrimage site. occur with equal
probabilities.
Asymptotic significances are displayed. The significance level is .050.

Since Asymptotic significances are displayed with the significance level (0.05) therefore the
researchers reject the null hypothesis, So, there is a statistically significant relationship between
the factors that affects the Filipino pilgrims in visiting churches in Manila.
 CHAPTER 4

DISCUSSION

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

Proposed Output