8

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Application on Triangle Inequalities
Learning Competencies:
Applies theorems on triangle inequalities (M8GE-IVb-1).

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

➢ apply exterior angle inequality theorem to determine the missing measure of an angle;
➢ use triangle inequality theorems to determine possible measures for the sides and angles of
triangle; and
➢ apply hinge theorem and its converse to justify claims about the unequal relationships
between side and angle measures.

Lesson 1: Application on Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

What is it

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem: The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the measures of the two non-adjacent interior angles or remote interior angles.
Example:
1. In PQR, m∠Q = 45°, and m∠R = 72°. Find the measure of an exterior angle at P.
R It is always helpful to draw a diagram and label it
72° with the given information.
X 45°
P Q
Then, using the first theorem above, set the exterior x = 45 + 72
angle (x) equal to the sum of the two non-adjacent x = 117
interior angles which are 45° and 72°. So, an exterior angle at P measures 117°.
Find the measure of ∠1 if 𝑚∠2 = 90° and Solution:
𝑚∠4 = 154°. 𝑚∠4 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2.
1 By Substitution, 154° = 𝑚∠1 + 90°
2.
By Subtraction Property 154° − 90°= 𝑚∠1
2 3 4 𝑚∠1 = 64°
∴, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∠1 𝑖𝑠 64°.

What’s More

Directions:
Analyze the given problem and answer the questions that follow.
Given the measures of ∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠4 which are 90 Find:
and 70 degrees, respectively. a. 𝑚∠1
b. 𝑚∠2
1.
1 2 3
4

Given an isosceles triangle whose vertex angle

measures 40°. Find the following measures:
2. a. 𝑚∠𝐵
b. x

Lesson 2: Application on Triangle Inequality Theorems

1
 What is it
In a triangle, the side opposite the larger angle is the longer side.
In a triangle, the angle opposite the longer side is the larger angle.

In ∆ABC, segment BC is the longest side. The angle opposite of this side which
is <A has the largest measure.

The smallest angle C tells that segment AB is the shortest side of triangle
ABC.

Example:
Compare the lengths of the sides of the given triangle at the right.
Solution:
Step1: We need to find the size of the third angle. The sum of the
measures of all the angles in any triangle is 180º.
m∠A+ m∠B + m∠C = 180°
⇒ m∠A + 30° + 65° = 180°
⇒ m∠A = 180° - 95°
⇒ m∠A = 85°
Step 2: Looking at the relative sizes of the angles. ∠B < ∠C < ∠A
Step 3: Following the angle-side relationship we can order the sides accordingly. Remember it is the side
opposite the angle.
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
In the figure

b+c>a

b+a>c

c+a>b

Example:
Three segments have lengths a= 3 cm, b= 6 cm, and c = 4 cm. Can a triangle be formed with
these measures?
3 + 6 = 9 and 9 > 4
3 + 4 = 7 and 7 > 6
6 + 4 = 10 and 10 > 3
So, a triangle can be formed!

To find the measure of the third side of a triangle, get the difference and sum of the two given measures
of the sides, so we have difference < x < sum
Example:
Two sides of a triangle have lengths 12 and 5. Find all possible lengths of the third side.
Solution:
difference < x < sum
12 -5 < x < 12 + 5

Answer: 7 < x < 17 or the possible measures of the third side are between 7 and 17.

2
 What’s More

Directions: Analyze the problems below and answer the questions that follow.

1) List the angles in order from least to greatest

measure.

2) Which side of the triangle is the smallest?

3) Three segments have lengths a= 7 cm, b= 16 cm, and c = 8 cm. Can a triangle be formed with these
measures? Justify your answer.
4) Two sides of a triangle have lengths 2 and 7. Find all possible lengths of the third side (x).

Lesson 3: Application of the Hinge Theorem

What is it

Hinge Theorem or SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem

The Hinge Theorem states if two sides of one triangle is congruent respectively to two sides of
another triangle, and the included angle of the first triangle is larger than the included angle of the second,
then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second.

Example:
Car A leaves a mall, first north direction up to 5 miles.
Then move west up to 3 miles. Car B left the same mall moves
towards south for 5 miles then turn east by 100 degrees for 3 miles.
Which one is farther from the mall? Justify your answer.

Answer:
From the mall, Car B is farther than Car A since its
distance travelled is opposite to a greater angle which measures
100◦.
Converse of the Hinge Theorem
If two sides of a triangle are congruent to the two sides of another triangle but the third side of the
first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle, then the angle between the pair of congruent
sides in the first triangle is greater than the corresponding angle in the second triangle.

Example:
Which angle is greater ∠1 𝑜𝑟 ∠2?. Justify your answer.
Answer:
̅̅̅̅=36) is longer than
∠1 is greater than ∠2 because its opposite side (𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅ =34) opposite to ∠2.
the side (𝐷𝐶

3
 What’s More

Directions:
Complete the correct relation symbol (<, > , =).

Assessment

Directions:
Read and understand each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the answer
sheet provided. H
For numbers 1-3, refer to the figure at the right.

1. Which of the inequalities is true? O P E

a. 𝑚∠𝐻𝑃𝐸 < 𝑚∠𝐻 b. 𝑚∠𝐻𝑃𝐸 > 𝑚∠𝐻 c. 𝑚∠𝐻𝑃𝑂 < 𝑚∠𝐻 d. 𝑚∠𝐻𝑃𝑂 > 𝑚∠𝐻
2. If m∠HPE = 150◦ and m∠O = 90◦, then what is the m∠H?
a. 30◦ b. 60◦ c. 90◦ d. 240◦
3. If m∠HPE = 150◦, then what is the m∠HPO?
a. 30◦ b. 60◦ c. 90◦ d. 240◦
4. Which of the following lengths are the possible measures of a triangle?
a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 6 c. 3, 3, 7 d. 3, 4, 6
5. The shortest distance between city X and city Y is 100 miles. The shortest distance between city Y
and city Z is 450 miles. What is the shortest distance, in miles, between
city X and city Z?
a. 150 miles b. 250 miles
c. 350 miles d. 400 miles

6. The distance Klark walks from home to school is 120 meters and 80 meters when he goes to church
from home. Xylie estimates that the distance Klark walks when he goes directly to church, coming from
school is 180 meters. Realee’s estimation is 210 meters. Which estimation is feasible?
School Church

120m 80m

Home
a. Realee b. Xylie c. Both d. None
7. What are the possible measures of the length of the third of a triangle if the lengths of the two sides
are 10 cm and 15 cm respectively?
a. between 5cm & 25cm b. 5cm & 25cm c. 5cm & 24cm d. between 4cm & 24cm

4
For numbers 8 and 9, refer to the given figure at the right. S
8. Which is the longest side?
a. ̅̅̅
𝑆𝐿 b. ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑀 c. ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑀 d. ̅̅̅
𝐿𝑆
L 50° 60° M
9. Which is the largest angle?
a. ∠𝐿 b. ∠𝑀 c. ∠𝑆 d. both ∠𝑆 & ∠𝑀
10. Which of the following inequalities is true based on the figure at the right?
a. ∠1 > ∠2 c. ∠2 > ∠1
b. ∠1 < ∠2 d. ∠2 ≥ ∠1

Performance Task

Create a tessellation in a size of a long coupon bond. You can use any art materials. Samples of
tessellation are shown below.

Rubrics in Making Tessellation

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Originality of Tessellation was Tessellation was Tessellation No clear Score
Design traced and colored to traced and colored was traced tessellation
look like something but identification of across paper was made.
(animal, car, etc.) an object in unclear. with no color.
Presentation Utilized poster board Utilized printer Utilized No clear Score
paper notebook paper tessellation
or equivalent was made.
Precision No gaps Only a few small Significant No clear Score
gaps gaps pattern at all
Attractiveness Use of 5-6 colors Use of 3-4 colors Use of 1-2 No colors Score
and is neatly colored and is neatly/semi- colors or is used at all
neatly colored messy/ sloppy
Total Score

References
Abuzo, E., et.al (2013). Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
Pascadio, A. A., et.al 2017. Math Ideas and Life Applications. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing
House, Inc.
http://math.tutorvista.com/geometry/hinge-theorem.html
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/triangle-inequality.html#angle-side
http://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geometry/triangles/inequalities_and_relationship
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/triangle-inequality.html
http://www.basic-mathematics.com/triangle-inequality-theorem.html
http://regentsprep.org/regents/math/geometry/gp5/lextang.htm
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/SegmentsAnglesTriangles?SATHingePractice.html

5
 Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 4 – Module 2
Lesson 1
What’s More
1. a.
b.
2. a.
b.

Lesson 2
What’s More
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lesson 3
What’s More
1.
2.
3.
4.

Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.