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10 Columns
10 Columns
CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
10 Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Columns
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Columns
Stability of Structures
Euler’s Formula for Pin-Ended Beams
Extension of Euler’s Formula
Sample Problem 10.1
Eccentric Loading; The Secant Formula
Sample Problem 10.2
Design of Columns Under Centric Load
Sample Problem 10.4
Design of Columns Under an Eccentric Load
Stability of Structures
• In the design of columns, cross-sectional area is
selected such that
- allowable stress is not exceeded
P
= all
A
Stability of Structures
Stability of Structures
• Assume that a load P is applied. After a
perturbation, the system settles to a new
equilibrium configuration at a finite
deflection angle.
L
P sin = K (2 )
2
PL P
= =
4 K Pcr sin
d2y P
2
+ y=0
dx EI
cr =
( )
2 E Ar 2
L2 A
2E
= = critical stress
(L r )
2
L
= slenderness ratio
r
2E
cr =
(Le r )2
Le = 2 L = equivalent length
cr =
2E
=
(
2 10.1 106 psi )
(Le r )2
(138.6 b )2
L = 20 in. (
12500 lbs 2 10.1 106 psi
=
)
(0.35b )b (138.6 b )2
E = 10.1 x 106 psi
P = 5 kips b = 1.620 in.
a = 0.35b = 0.567 in.
FS = 2.5
a/b = 0.35
• Maximum stress
P ( ymax + e )c
max = 1+
A r2
P ec 1 P Le
= 1 + sec
A r 2 2 EA r
P ec 1 P Le
max = Y = 1 + 2 sec
A r 2 EA r
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 - 14
Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
- Critical load,
Pcr =
2 EI
=
( )(
2 29 106 psi 8.0 in 4 )
2
Le (192 in )2
= 62.1 kips
- Allowable load,
P 62.1 kips Pall = 31.1 kips
Pall = cr =
FS 2
Pall 31.1 kips
= = = 8.79 ksi
A 3.54 in 2
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 - 16
Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
m = 22.0 ksi
• At Le/r = Cc
2 2 E
cr = 1
2 Y
Cc2 =
Y
• Alloy 2014-T6
Le/r < 55:
all = 30.7 − 0.23(Le / r ) ksi
= 212 − 1.585(Le / r ) MPa
Le/r > 66:
54000 ksi 372 103 MPa
all = =
(Le / r ) 2
(Le / r )2
SOLUTION:
• With the diameter unknown, the
slenderness ration can not be evaluated.
Must make an assumption on which
slenderness ratio regime to utilize.
• Interaction method:
P A Mc I
+ 1
( all )centric ( all )bending