Գոյական – ЧТО

a , an – առաջացել են one բառից , ունեն նույն իմաստը ,

նշանակում է մի (one )

a book an ice
a - milk - milk s ×
milks, waters – տեսակներ
a book – a books
the hայերեն Ը , կամ Ն է
(90% ) the book – the books
the milk

- հատուկ անունների դեպքում the Hasmik, Tereza,

Police (are) , clothes(շորեր) , trousers(շալվար)= pants,

team(are) , people
 ՀՈԼՈՎ
2

1. common case –ուղիղ ձև

Հոգնակի 2. possessive case –սեռական հոլով
cloth(կտոր) ,advice(խորհուրդ), news (is),material,
առարկա – of the page of the book
information, knowledge, furniture(կահույք), equipment (
the book ՚s
սարքավորում )
page մարդ – of ՚ s
the book of my sister,
news peoples -մարդիկ
my sister ՚s book
a piece of advice people -
ժողովուրդ S օգտագործում ենք նաև այն բառերին, որոնք
information peoples –
ժողովուրդներ վերաբերվում են ժամանակ և տարածություն
ցույց տվող բառերին t : s
Datum-data(տվյալներ) agendum-
agenda(օրակարգ) a week՚ s work -1 շաբաթվա
Stratum-strata (շերտեր) bacterium-bacteria գործ a mile ՚ s walk -1 մղոնի
Phenomen-phenomena քայլելու տեղ a girl՚ s book –
girls՚ book ( հոգնակի)
a man՚ s book – men՚ s book (հոգնակի)
wolf- wolves, wife-wives, lady-ladies, boy-boys, knife-knives
Բացառություններ This is an interesting book and that is a bad
roofs-տանիք, cliffs -ժայռ, handkerchiefs –թաշկինակ
one(մյուսը).
 ԹՎԱԿԱՆ He is 15 years old - He is a 15 -year s - old boy-
15տարեկան տղա
1 -12
2 rooms – a 2- room flat -2 սենյականոց բնակարան
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine,
ten, eleven, twelve There are 2 seats in the bus –there is a 2- seat bus -2
տեղանոց ավտոբուս
13 – 19 + teen = teenager
20, 30, 40 … + ty

one - the first

two - the
second three -
the third
four – the fourth five – the fifth… a hundred - 2
hundred s a thousand - 2 thousand s hundreds
- հարյուրավոր of people
մարդիկ thousands -
հազարավոր

The 6th Բացի ավտոբուս

lesson
սենյակ
Lesson 6
3

ԱԾԱԿԱՆ - КАКОЙ
Միավանկ more the most
many
small +er(ավելի)
much
the est(ամենա)
few fewer fewest
as…………….as
Հաշվելի անհաշվելի
smaller smallest
many(շատ) much(շատ)
այնքան…..….որքան
few(քիչ) a few little(քիչ) a
than…………քան
(մի քանի ) little(մի
of………… not
քիչ)
so……….as
Чем более………..тем более
Այս կանոնին են
The more………the more
ենթարկվում նաև
The smaller……the better
երկվանկ և y -ով
վերջացող older- the oldest My elder
ածականները brother is old(հին,ծեր)
5 years older than me
happy greedy Happier the happiest
Elder(ավագ) – eldest
lucky greedier
farther -the
Բազմավանկ
farthest far(հեռու)
Beautiful more…………. the further( հետագա)
most…………
Բացառություններ
good Better the best (t)
bad worse the worst later- the latest The latest
little less the least fashion, news
late( ուշ) latter(2-ից
վերջինը) -the last (վերջին)
at last(վերջապես)
at least(գոնե)
nearer –the nearest
near(մոտիկ)
next(հաջորդ)
(ավելի)
շատ bigger
much smaller
even better
still / more
far interesting.
 4
ADVERB - ՄԱԿԲԱՅ Միավանկmore – ly ածական + ly

Какой+ ly = Kак ly er
Ինչպիսի+ ly= ինչպես slow(դանդաղ)+ ly= slowly
slower
quick+ ly= quickly slowly ավելի դանդաղ
more slowly
Բացառություններ quicker
quickly ավելի արագ
fast-fast(արագ) early-early more quickly
good(լավը) – well(լավ) costly-
costly(թանկ) beautifully – more beautifully
He speaks nice English

He speaks English nicely Դերանուն

1.գործողություն - ly I speak nicely
2.վիճակ - ly I me my
you you your
to be I he him his
feel her her
It seems it its
she us our
It smells nice ly it you your
It lastes we them their
you
they
It looks It
sounds
remain
իմաստը փոխվում է
hard-hard - hardly -հազիվ թե nearly
քրտնաջան near- -մոտավորապես +ly Its = դրա
near - մոտ late-late – lately -վերջերս
It 's = it is = դա
ուշ
mine ours է
yours yours
This book is yours, and that 's mine.
his
hers theirs
its

5
 myself ourselves
yourself yourselves himself some any no
herself themselves itself something anything nothing
other someone anyone no one
somebody anybody nobody
another others book somewhere anywhere nowhere
(մեկ ուրիշ) other s books any - X
?
ցանկացած X
Give me any
the other the others մյուսը book. Եզակի Հոգնակի
the other books There
Մոտիկis some IsThis
there any milk ? These
milk
Հեռու That isn't any
There =Those
There is no milk
each other –մեկը մյուսին ♣ I don't want
♣ either this or milk=
that .
one another -միմիանց ♣ ♣ I went neither
♣ ♣…. this nor that.

Ես
both (և)…………and (և) չեմ ուզում ոչ այս, ոչ
………….. Both Bob and Jane go. այն:
either(կամ)…….or(կամ)
………… Either Bob or Jane
goes. neither(ոչ)……...nor(ոչ)
……… Neither Bob nor Jane There is – կա
goes. There are – կան

T
h

6
ere is a he
book she goes
there. i
There - t
там,
туда I
There is – есть I
you
I didn't know anybody / you
anything Do we go
I know nobody, nothing we don't go

they
Եթե ենթական է- միայն they
nobody / nothing
Nobody knew / Nothing happend / X
Nobody has seen it ?
he
Anybody hasn't seen it Anybody he
didn't knew Does she go
Anything didn't happened she doesn't go
It
Verb-Բայ it

Indefinite to 1-столбик
1. Present alw
I ays never
you go we they often
usually
seldom
sometimes
generally 7
every day
 2. Past h
2 e
,

i
столбик t
I, you, they
գնում էի = միշտ
went
we, he, she, it I
?
գնացի = կոնկրետ ժամանակ ,

I, you, they I, you, y

they o X
? u
Did go
didn' t go we, he, she, it ,
we, he, she, it
t
3. Future 1- h
столбик I, e
you, they y
will go –կգնամ
Will
w
go
e
we, he, she, it
,
h
e
,
s

8
I, you, they won't
go we, he, she, X I,
it you, they ?
4. Future in the past Would
1-столбик go
we,
I, he, she, it
y
o I, you,
u they
, wouldn't
t go X
h w
e e
y ,
would go -
կգնայի h
w e
e ,
,
h s
e h
, e
s ,
h
e i
, t
it

9
 h
Shall not =shan't , will not a
=won't, shalln't willn't v
Shoud not =shoudn't , would e
not =wouldn't Perfect
կոնկրետ ժամանակ 3 w
столбик e
Have + III
they
ձև so gone գնացել եմ/ են/ Է
far up / եք/ենք
to present day= up
till now has h
never,ever e
(will would) have
already +3-րդ s
had since, for yet, just h
today this year/ e
month/ week
h
recently, a
lately s
1. Present it
I
y I
o I
u
you
you

10
 Have they gone we, he, she,
they haven’t gone ? we it X
we
he 3. Future. I,
he
you, they
Has she gone
will have
she hasn’t gone
gone –
It
it գնացած կլինեմ we,
he, she, it

I ?
2. Past /վերջացած/ ,
I, you, they y
had gone – o
գնացել էի u
we, he, she, it ,
I, you, they
? t
Had
h
gone
e
we, he,
y
she, it
Will
I, you, they
X have gone
hadn’t gone

11
 would
we, he, have gone –գնացած
she, it կլինեի we, he, she, it

I, I
yo ,
u,
th y
ey
won’t X
have gone we, he,
she, it o
u
,
4. Future in the Past
I t
, h
e
y y
o
u
Would
,
have gone ?
t
h w
e e
y ,

12
e,
she, I
it am not
You, X
they, we
I, you, they aren’t
X going
wouldn’t have He,
gone she, it
we, he, she, it isn’t

Continuous տվյալ պահին 2. Past

4 столбик I,
To be +IV h
1. Present e
I am ,
You, they, we are going – s
h
գնում եմ
e
He, she, it is
,
it
am i w
are you, a
they, we s
going ?
is he, going –գնում էի
she, it

13
X
you, they,
we
were I
,
was I, he, she, it
y
going ?
o
were u
you, they, ,
we
t
I, he, she, it wasn’t h
e
going y
you, they, we weren’t
Will
be going
3. Future
I,
y w
o
u,
th
e
y
will be going –
գնալիս կլինեմ
we, he, she, it

14
e, he,
she, it won’t be going
we, he, she, it

I, you, they
4. Future in X
the Past I I
I, you, they you been going
you X
would be going –գնալիս կլինեի
Have they they haven’t been going we, he, she,
it we we ? he
he
Has she been going she hasn’t been going
I, you, they it
it
Would
be going

we, he,
she, it

I, you, they I have been working here

for 10 years. X wouldn’t be

15
going Արդեն 10 տարի է, ինչ աշխատում եմ
այստեղ: we, he, she, it

Perfect Continuous 4 столбик I, you, they

/վաղուց սկսվել է և
շարունակվում է /
Had been going we, he, she, it 1.
Present
I I, you, they

you have Had been going

we we, he,
she, it they
been going X
he I, you, they
she has Hadn’t been
going it we, he, she, it

3. Future
Passive Voice –
Կրավորական (վ)

16
I, you, they To be + III
will have been going
Active Passive
we, he, she, it 1.
Տեղերը փոխել

I
,

y
o X
u
,

t
h
e
y

Would have

been going ?
we, he, she, it

I
,

17
y
o
u
,

t
h
e
y

w
o
n
’
t

h
a
v
e

b
e
e
n

g
o

18
 i
n
g

we, he, she, it

by

4.
Future in the Past

I, you,
they
would
have been going
we, he, she, it I write the letter

I, you, they 2. Նայել active բայի ժամանակին

և այդ նույն ժամանակով Would
have been going ? դնել to be -ն we, he,
she, it
The letter is written.
I
,

y
o

19
u
,

t
h
e
y

wouldn’t have been going X 3. Իսկ բայի

մասին չենք էլ մտածում –այն միշտ III ձևում
է

w
e
,

h
e
,

s
h
e
,

i
t

The letter is written

20
21
Indefinite Continuous

1. Present 1. Present
I write the letter I am writing the letter
The letter is 2. The letter is being
Past 2. Past written by me
I wrote the letter I was writing the letter
The letter was The letter was being
3. Future written by me 3. Future
I will write the letter
The letter will be 4. Future in the Past
4. Future in the Past
I would write the letter Եթե նախադասության մեջ չկա գործողություն
The letter would be կատարողը, ապա միշտ դնում ենք Passive voice`
Ինձ ասացին –Ես ասվեցի
Passive (modals)

Perfect can, could

may, might
1. Present
must
I have written the letter have to
The letter has been had to
2. Past has to
I had written the letter ought to The letter had been
3. Future written by me need + be + III should
I will have written the letter
would
The letter will have been
is to
4. Future in the Past
are to
I would have written the letter is allowed to
The letter would have been was allowed to I must read the book –The book must be read
12
 would - - -
ցանկալի է
ought to - - -
պետք է
to be to
am was - -
is to go (were)
are To
պետք է
(պլանավորվ
ած)
need
=want
Modal բայ լիարժեք
բայ Կարիք կա՞, կարիք չկա
կարիք ունենալ

X
?

I needn’t do it
I need to go Կարիք չկա որ ես անեմ
He needed ?
 13
Direct Indirect 4. would be had been going

He says –ցանկացած ժամանակ 1. this –that these –those

He said –անցյալ ժամանակ 2. here –there
3. today –that day
Indefinite 4. tonight –that night
1. go
2.
5. now – (at the moment, at present ) then
2. 6. tomorrow –the next / following day
2. 7. yesterday –the day before, the previous day
2. went 8. ago –before
3. will
go
4. would
in two days –two days later
go
month month
Perfect month last week -a week before, the
1. have, has previous week
2. had gone year year year
3. will have
4. would have last text –previous text
He said “I’ll come”
said said He said he would come
Continuous
1. am, is, are said to smb. told smb. He said to me He told me
2. was, were
3. will be going հարցրեց He said “are you busy?” He
said “?” asked if I was busy.
 asked Հարցական /when, where,what…./ -special
said “please…….” asked He said “Please, do it” He questions He said “when do you go ?” - He asked
խնդրեց asked me to do it. when I went .
offered –առաջարկեց 14
warned –զգուշացրեց
advised –խորհուրդ տվեց
exclaimed –բացականչեց

I Հաստատական / that / II Մասը ?

He said “ I go to school “ – He said (that) he
went to school. III Հրամաններ / orders /

II Հարցական /if; whether – թե արդյոք / - He said to me “Go there” – He told me to go there.

He said to me “Don’t go there” –He told me not to go there.
general questions He said “Are you a He said “Don’t go” – He told me not to go.
teacher?” – He asked if I was a teacher. He said “You will go” – He said that I
would go. He said “Go….” – He told
me to go.
He said “Do you go?” –He asked if I went
1) ? to, ing, III – ձեռք չտալ !!!
Does he go? –went Did he go? –had gone
2) “He wants to go” he said – He said that he wanted to go.to go.

He began to cry(ing).
 4. Gerund IV to be
1. Indefinite
1. Ենթակա – To read is useful. 2. I want to
He said “I saw his work done” –He said that read.
he had seen his work done. ի՞նչը օգտակար է
♣ ♦
subject object
I want him to come. –Ես ուզում եմ, որ նա գա:
Objective Inf. construction
hear watch
him see her
notice them to go
15 observe you feel
Դերբայ make
t,
դեմք, թիվ
1. որոշում եմ
2. որոշեցի ես տեսա նրան գնալ
3. կորոշեն գնալ I saw, you to come
4. կորոշեի Ես տեսա, որ (թե ինչպես) դու գալիս էիր / եկար.

1. Infinitive I to I saw him come = I saw that he was coming.

2. Participle I II to be
3. Participle II III have I heard her to play the piano.
 Subjective Inf construction
think – մտածել,
կարծել believe – He is seen to come. – Տեսնում են, որ նա գալիս է:
հավատալ guess – He was seen to come. – Տեսան, որ նա գալիս է:
He will be thought to come. – Կկարծեն, որ նա կգա:
կռահել suppose –
Simple Infinitive - to come
ենթադրել consider - to
– համարել
assume –ենթադրել I saw him come
Ես տեսա որ նա եկավ
to be + III expect –
սպասել love – I saw him
Ես տեսա to have come
սիրել like – դուր
որ նա եկել էր
գալ
dislike – դուր չգալ 2. Participle I
Ինչպիսի՞ , ինչպես՞
to come hate – ատել
want – ցանկանալ IV to be
wish –ցանկանալ նրան
գալ desire – շատ ցանկանալ ած ացող ելով
ացած եցող ալիս
ող ալով ելիս
I want him to come – Ես ուզում եմ, որ նա գա:
 a sitting man – նստած մարդ I For to Infinitive
saw him coming

Ես տեսա նրան գալիս

coming man – եկող մարդ ☺ to read ( to –

որպեսզի ) opened the book

Eating it he went out

Ուտելով դա նա գնաց դուրս ☺ ուրիշի

opened the book for him / her համար
to read
he went out
Having eaten it նա գնաց դուրս
I opened the door for him to come.
Ուտելուց հետո
Ես դուռը բացեցի, որ նա ներս մտնի:

4. Gerund
16
Գոյական է – գործածված բայ
գնալը Eating is useful.
3. Participle II
գնալու ինչը գնալուն I’m
III have tired of going there. գնալուց ԻՆՉ
ած a broken chair հոգնած եմ գնալով I’m
ացած ջարդած աթոռ pleased with answering it
գնալու մեջ Ես գոհ եմ դրան պատասխանելուց
 I, you, they, we I wish
he go. go es
Երնեկ գնա he, she, it
что делать + ing = что I, you, they, we I wish he
went went Երնեկ
I’m looking forward to hearing it. գնար he, she, it
May you be blessed - Թող օրհնյալ լինես
my
book I
like his singing his 17
նրա երգելը does Հաստատական են,
Subjunetive mood (ըղձական do երևում են միայն շեշտելու համար did
եղանակ)
to be լինեմ I did go there – Ես գնացի / իսկապես /
I, you, they, we I wish I I do want – Ես ուզում եմ / իսկապես /
be a …. be He does know –Նա գիտի / իսկապես /
Երնեկ ես լինեմ… he, she, it
Do – did – done
լինեի

I, you, they, we I козел անել

wish I were a …
were Երնեկ ես լինեի… he,
she, it I do my lessons every day
Եթե ես քո փոխարեն լիներ – If I were Do I do?
you I don’t do
 He does his who(m) –ում /Թերեզային/ how many times – քանի
lessons Does he անգամ
do? He did his what colour how often – как
lessons Did he часто which –որ at what age –
do?
որ տարիքում whatever –ինչվորայա whoever
– ովորայա
Continuous IV ing
wherever – որտեղվորայա
Բոլոր բայերը
ունեն I’m seeing ած, ացած
5 days – how many days
seeing hearing ալիս, ելիս
5 days – how long, how much time
believing wanting
5 times – how many times
ալով, ելով wishing loving
5 times – how often
understanding

Ես տեսնում էի – I was seeing -I saw 1. General /ընդհանուր/ question (

Ես լսում էի –I was hearing – I Միթե՞ ) козлик вперед + արտագրել
heard what –ինչ, ինչպիսի, որ how – I went to school yesterday morning.
ինչպես Did I go to school yesterday morning?
who –ով how
many –քանի when –երբ 2. Special /հատուկ/ question
how much –որքան where –որտեղ ? բառ + козлик + արտագրել
how long = how much time – why – I went to school yesterday. –Where did I go
ինչու որքան yesterday?
ժամանակ whose –ում /Թերեզայի/
how old – ինչ տարիքի
 How long?
III

Եթե հարց է տրվում ենթակային, կամ

նրա լրացմանը, ապա ՈՉԻՆՉ չի
փոխվում, հարցն էլ տրվում է որպես 18
III դեմք, եզակի թիվ:
My brother went to school yesterday.

1. Who went to school yesterday ? by theIII

timesince II
have hadIIIII?
when the concert
2. Whose brother went to school yesterday? II
plane,train
I am we, they are Eating –I
- Who is eating? he, she, it is only person
after had +
It’s the first (last)
yesterday …..II
III was +
3. Alternative question козлик перёд + արտագրել or time at ( 6 ten eating
– ով years
o’clock )
I am eating bread. – Am I eating bread or fruit? Հայտնագործությ
have III
ուն ծնունդ, մահ – before II

4. Disjunctive /միայն կարճ ձևը / question ( Չէ՞ II

tomorrow will …had III
by the time I will have +III
no sooner
որ ) արտագրել ինչպես կա ժխտ – հաստ. , հաստ., – at ( 6 be+eating
ժխտ o’clock ) hardly
I went to school, didn’t I ? I, you, he, bearly

Tom and Martha went to school,

she, it ,we, didn’t had III
they, there yesterday had+III I have
they ? … II (by 6 burnt thy
There is a pen,isn’t there ? I am a teacher amn’t I o’clock ) finger
aren’t I ? HAVE +
III How
tomorrow will have + did you
(by 6 III do it
o’clock ) II
 Կանոններ
Первый козел – козел всех козлов !!!
Մոդալ բայերից հետո բայերը միշտ պետք է դրվեն I ձևով to
I can go. You must learn.
Let –ից հետո to չկա ՝ Let smb. to know
Let’s go home մոտիկ ապագա to be IV(ing)
I am going to the theatre tomorrow.
I am leaving for Moscow in 2 days.

19
To have козлик 3. will have it
4. would have
չէ
II have+III
Indefinite Perfect

do 1. I, you, 2.I 1.have

they, we have we Has
they 2.had had
does he did you had 3.will have
she has he 4.would have
it she
 Ես / դու / նա / մենք / դուք / նրանք էլ
he’s
he has to be + I am a teacher So is he He is,
he is III IV too
IV( going ) I will go So will she She
will, too
he’d I go do So do they They
he had he do, too
would I went did So did they They
III (gone) did, too
I (go) I am not a teacher neither
let’s =let us Is he He isn’t,
me either
you Nor
let him/her
I won’t go neither
to go us
them will he He won’t,
either nor
Continuous
I don’t go neither
1.am does he You
is don’t,either nor
are having 2.was were 3.will be
4.would be
 (since) had seen the previous day

“have seen” “saw” t - չկա

t already yesterday never ever
since for

Վիճակ -անցել, -եցնել

tired – հոգնած tired –հոգնեցնել To be angry –
զայրացած Make angry –զայրացնել hungry – սոված
hungry -սովածեցնել
20
 21
I have breakfast. Do I have breakfast? I
had colds –Did I have colds? եթե – will, would –If I
I have a book = I have got a book come, you’ll go. if
He has to go Does he have to go I թե արդյոք – will, would –
have to go = I have got to go Have I got He asks, if I will come.
to go?
երբ – will, would –When I come, he’ll
I have cut my hair. go.
Ես կտրել եմ իմ մազերը: have smth. done I
have my hair cut. (ինչ-որ բան անել when թե երբ – will,
տալ) Ես իմ մազերը կտրել եմ տվել: make would –He asks, when he’ll come.
have smb. to do get Գնա՞մ
get smb. to do smth. go?
Shall I
Երեացող козлик –ներ Բացե՞մ open?
+
+ III +III III
Let’s go,
shall we ?
am, is, are, was, were, shall, will, should, would, have, has, had,
Go , will
can, could, may, might, must, need, ought to.
you ?
Don’t go , will you ?
Չերևացող козлик –ներ
Դա ինձ դուր չեկավ: – I didn’t like it.
do, did, does.
lie – lied – lied – lying – ստել lie – lay –
lain – lying – պառկել to
lay – laid – laid – laying – դնել
g
feel – felt – felt – feeling – զգալ fill – filled o
– filled – filling – լցնել !
fall – fell – fallen – falling – ընկնել
t
rise –rose –risen –rising – բարձրանալ o
raise –raised –raised –raising – բարձրացնել T
a
find – found – found – գտնել
found – founded – founded – հիմնել k
e
quite – բավականին
!
quiet – հանգիստ quit – լքել
Don’t go (take)!
22
 Grammar
Ո՞Վ Ու՞Մ Ե՞ՐԲ
Ի՞ՆՉԱՆԵԼ
Ի՞ՆՉ Ի՞ՆՉ ՈՐՏԵ՞Ղ