Problem (2.

6),

d1 1.5
Inner diameter, D1 = 1.5,  1 = = = 0.75 in
2 2
1
 2 =  1 + = 0.75 + 0.25 = 1 in
4
1 1
3 = 2 + = 1 + = 1.0625 in
16 16
tg = 193 F, tG = 260 F
hg = 38 BTU/hr ft2 F, hG = 620 BTU/hr ft2 F
kscale deposit = k2 = 1 BTU/hr ft F
copper → from table (1.2) → k1 = k c = 224 BTU / hr ft F

(a) To show Uoverall = 22.6 BTU/hr ft2 F

(b) To show qoverall = 840 BTU/hr ft2 F
(c) To show t ( small deposite ) = 8F
 1
Uoverall =
r3 r3  r2  r3  r3  1
+ ln   + ln   +
h g 1 k1  r1  k 2   2  h G

1
U overall =
1.0625 1.0625
12  1  1.0625  1.0625  1
+ 12 ln  + ln  +
 0.75  224  0.75  12  12  620
38 x  
 12 
1
U overall =
1.0625 1.0625
12  1  1.0625  1.0625  1
+ 12 ln  + ln  +
 0.75  224  0.75  12  12  620
38 x  
 12 

U overall = 22.54  22.6 BTU / hr ft 2 F

= U A3 ( t G − t g )
q overall
(b)
L

q overall = U 2 r3L ( t G − t g )

q overall 1.0625
= 22.54 x 2 x ( 260 − 193)
L 12
q overall
= 840.15  840 BTU / hr ft
L
dt dt q
(c) q = k A = k 2 r L → d r = 2 k L d t
dr dr r
r3 3 t
1
q  d r = 2 k l  d t
r2
r t2

q ln  r r3 = 2 k l  t t3
r t
2 2

r3
q = ln = 2 k L ( t 3 − t 2 ) = 2 k L t
r2

q r  840.15  1.0625 
t = ln  3  = ln   = 8.1 = 8F
2 k 2 L  r3  2 x 1 x 1  1 