NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

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HOME NETWORK

A home network is a group of devices – such as computers, game systems, printers, and mobile devices – that
connect to the Internet and each other. Home networks connect in two ways:

➢ A wired network, which connects devices like printers and scanners with cables.
➢ A wireless network, which connects devices like tablets and e-readers without cables

Wi-fi Alliance
An organization that tests and certifies wireless equipment for compliance with the 802.11x standards.

❖ Mbps - megabits
❖ MBps - megabytes

● Wireless network – A group of devices (computers, game systems, e-readers, etc.) connected to each
other and to the Internet without cables, also called Wi-Fi.
● Modem – A device that connects routers or computers to the Internet through a cable.
● Router – A device that transmits a wireless signal and connects devices to each other and the
Internet through the modem.
● Gateway – A device that functions as both a modem and a router, like the Wireless Gateway 1 or
Wireless Gateway 2.
● Signal range – The area in which a wireless-capable device can pick up the wireless signal and
connect to the wireless network.

ROUTER -> SWITCH -> HOSTS

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NETWORKING CABLES
● COAXIAL CABLE
○ SHEATH
■ This is the outer layer of the coaxial cable. It protects the cable from physical
damage.
○ BRAIDED SHIELD
■ This shield protects signals from external interference and noise. This shield is built
from the same metal.
○ INSULATION
■ Insulation protects the core. It keeps the core separate from the braided-shield.
Same material magkakaroon ng short.
○ CONDUCTOR
■ The conductor carries electromagnetic signals. Core.
● TYPES OF COAXIAL CABLES
○ SINGLE CORE
■ Uses a single central metal conductor
○ MULTI CORE
■ Uses multiple thin strands of metal wires.

● TWISTED PAIR CABLES

○ The twisted-pair cable was primarily developed for computer networks. This cable is also
known as Ethernet cable.
○ Almost all modern LAN computer networks use this cable.
○ Electromagnetics din yung dumadaan sa cable
■ WHITE/ORANGE
■ ORANGE
■ WHITE/GREEN
■ BLUE
■ WHITE/BLUE
■ GREEN
■ WHITE/BROWN
■ BROWN
● TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR CABLES
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○ UTP (Unshielded twisted-pair) cable

■ All pairs are wrapped in a single plastic sheath.
○ STP (Shielded twisted-pair) cable
■ Each pair is wrapped with an additional metal shield, then all pairs are wrapped in a
single outer plastic sheath.
○ Both STP and UTP can transmit data at 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, and 10Gbps.
○ Both cables use the same RJ-45 (Registered jack) modular connectors.

● RJ45 Connector
○ “RJ” is the abbreviation of “registered jack”, which originally means a standardized telecoms
network interface for voice and data devices connection.
○ It was first defined in the USCO (Universal Service)
○ 8P8C (8 position 8 contact)
● Components of RJ-45
○ Plastic Housing
■ A good-quality Ethernet connector usually features a plastic housing made of high-
performance PC materials.
○ Gold-plated contacts
■ An eight channel and gold-plated contacts to make a contact with eight wires in the
Ethernet cable.
○ Strain Latch
■ Designed to make the RJ45 connector snap in the interface and avoid being loose.
○ Retaining Latch
■ Designed to fix the network cable and prevent it from falling off.
● Cable Pin-out
○ A pinout is a specific arrangement of wires that dictate how the connector is terminated.
■ T-568A
■ T-568B
■ Nakatalikod ang Retraining Latch from left to right.
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● Types of Twisted Pair Cable

○ STRAIGHT-THROUGH
■ Cable uses one wiring standard, both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends
use T568B wiring standard.
■ From router to switch
○ CROSSOVER
■ Crossover cable uses
■ PC-TO-PC
● Type of RJ45 Connector Types
○ Regular RJ45
■ Standard RJ45 connectors can also be named as non-pass-through RJ45 connectors,
which are usually referred to as 8P8C modular plugs.
○ Pass-Through
■ allow the network cable wires to pass out of the connector body.
● Shielded vs Unshielded RJ45 Connectors
○ SHIELDED
■ Usually feature a metal shield to avoid too much electromagnetic interference (EMI).
○ UNSHIELDED
■ Have a plastic housing.

FIBER OPTICS CABLE

● SMF (SINGLE MODE FIBER)
● The core is made from the thin strands of glass or plastic that can carry data over the long
distance.

WIRELESS ROUTER
● A device used to interconnect wireless networking devices and to give access to wired devices
and establish the Internet connection to the ISP.
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A home network can include the following components:

● Hub: This type of device is used to interconnect networking devices. A drawback to a hub is that it
broadcasts the data it receives to all devices connected to its ports. In most modern networks, hubs
have been replaced by network switches.
● Switch: This is the best choice for interconnecting networking devices. A switch can establish a
direct connection from the sender to the destination without passing the data traffic to other
networking devices.
● Access point: An access point is used to interconnect wireless devices and provide a connection to a
wired LAN. The data transfer speeds for access points are dictated by the choice of wireless
technology for the clients, but these devices can support up to 802.11ac (or Wireless-ac).
● Wireless router: This device uses RF to connect to the networking devices. A wireless router typically
contains a router, switch, and wireless access point and is probably the most common way to
interconnect wireless LANs to the ISP’s access device.

Several issues should be considered when planning for a home network:

● Data Speed
● Cost
● Ease of implementation
● Appearance
● Home access

Securing a Home Network

● Service Set Identifier (SSID)
○ A name that is used to identify your wireless network and is used by your access point or
wireless router to establish an association.
● Firewall Protection
○ A type of protection used to prevent unauthorized access to a network.
● Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI)
○ A type of firewall that inspects incoming data packets to make sure they correspond to an
outgoing request
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● Virtual Private Network (VPN)

○ A secure network connection that helps protect a LAN’s data from being observed by
outsiders
● 192.169.0.1 (IP ADDRESS)