A HISTORY OF GLOBAL

POLITICS:
CREATING AND INTERNATIONAL ORDER
PREPARED BY: PROF. ESTER ONAG M.A. POLITICAL SCIENCE
INTERNATIONALIZATION

Forms of
The World government

Countries or
State
INTERNATIONALIZATION

Internationalization
• is the process of integrating an
international and intercultural dimension
into the teaching, research and service
function of the institution
ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL SYSTEM

World • There are countries or states that are

independent and govern themselves
politics has • These countries interact with each other through
diplomacy
four key • There are international organization that
facilitate these interaction
attributes • International organization takes lives of their own
WHAT ARE THE ORIGIN OF THESE SYSTEM

Nation-State
• Is relatively modern phenomenon in
human history and people did not
always organize themselves as countries
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONS
AND STATE?

•State is a community of person more or less

numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of
territory, having a government of their own to which
the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying
freedom from external control
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONS
AND STATE?

The state maybe defined as a set of

institutions and officials, whose
decisions are regarded as binding
over all and who have supreme
authority to enforce compliance or
obedience from the population of a
given geographic area.
FOUR ATTRIBUTIONS OF STATES

It exercises authority
over a specific
population, called its
citizens
FOUR ATTRIBUTIONS OF STATES

It governs a
specific territory
FOUR ATTRIBUTIONS OF STATES

A state has a structure of

government that crafts
various rules that people
or society follows
FOUR ATTRIBUTIONS OF STATES

The state has sovereignty

over its territory. It
refers to internals and
external authority
FOUR ATTRIBUTIONS OF STATES

Sovereignty
Internal External
• No individual or groups can • That a state’s policies and
operate in a given territory by procedures are independent of
ignoring the state the interventions of other states
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONS
AND STATE?

Nation, according to Benedict

Anderson, is an “imagined
community.” It is limited
because it does not go beyond
a given “official boundary”
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONS
AND STATE?
INTERSTATE SYSTEM

The origins of the present-day

concept of sovereignty can be
traced back to the Treaty of
Westphalia
INTERSTATE SYSTEM

Treaty of Westphalia
• Was the treaty that ended the thirty years
war in Europe, it is a peace treaty between
the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of
France and their respective Allies.
THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM

French Revolution

• Liberty
• Equality
• Fraternity
THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM

Napoleonic Code
• It forbade birth privileges, encourage
freedom or religion, and promoted
meritocracy in government service
THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM

Anglo and Prussian armies finally

defeated Napoleon in the Battle of
8022

Waterloo in 1815, the ending the latter’s

PADRILANAN

mission to spread his liberal code across

Europe.
THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM

The Concerto of Europe was an alliance

of great power – and also considered as
the Metternich system (named after the
Austrian diplomat, Klemens von
Metternich)
INTERNATIONALISM

Two Broad Categories

Liberal Socialist
Internationalism Internationalism
INTERNATIONALISM

Liberal Internationalism
• Is a foreign policy doctrine that argues that
liberal states should intervene in other
sovereign states in order to pursue liberal
objectives
INTERNATIONALISM

Immanuel Kant
• Kant likened states in global system
to people living in a given territory.
INTERNATIONALISM

If people living together require a

government to prevent
lawlessness, shouldn’t that same
principle be applied to state?
INTERNATIONALISM

Kant imagined a form of

global government
INTERNATIONALISM

Jeremy Bentham
• 18th century
• British Philosopher
• He advocated the creation of International Law that
would govern inter-state relations.
• “the greatest happiness of all nations taken together”
INTERNATIONALISM

Giuseppe Mazzini
• 19th century
• Italian patriot
• For him, independent states would be the basis of
an equally free, cooperative international system
INTERNATIONALISM

Woodrow Wilson
• United States President
• He saw that nationalism as a
prerequisite for internationalism.
INTERNATIONALISM

Principle of Self-
Determination
• The belief that the world’s nations
had a right to a free and sovereign
government
INTERNATIONALISM

League of Nations
• It was an intergovernmental organization founded
on January 10 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace
Conference that ended World War I
• It was the first international organization whose
principal mission was to maintain world peace
INTERNATIONALISM

Socialist Internationalism
• For Socialist Internationalist, it is possible
to build a better world based upon the
twin goals of equality and social justice
INTERNATIONALISM

Karl Marx
• Marx placed a premium on economic
equality; he did not divide the world
into countries, but into classes
INTERNATIONALISM

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• Believed that in socialist revolution seeking
to overthrow the state and alter the
economy, the proletariat “had no nation”
INTERNATIONALISM

Communist International
• It served as the central body for
directing communist parties all over
the world