Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Lingayen

MODULE IN
HEALTH 9
UNIT I: COMMUNITY
AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
OBJECTIVES:
Defines community and environmental health.
Discusses the nature of environmental issues.
Analyzes the effects of environmental issues on people’s health.

RATIONALE
This module will introduce you to the concepts of community and
environmental health, to make you be aware to the importance of having
a healthy community.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Choose the right answer from the options below. Encircle the letter of your
answer.

1. This is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
a. Health b. Mental Health c. Physical Health d. Social Health
2. Analyze the series of words and choose the word that does not belong.
a. Flash floods b. Oil spill c. Garbage d. Illegal Mining
3. Which best describes the benefits of a healthy environment?
a. Less disease, less health care costs
b. Active community involvement
c. More budget for health problems increased supply of medicines.
d. More community projects for community development.
4. A sudden flood of great volume, usually caused by a heavy rain.
a. Illegal mining b. Soil Erosion
c. Deforestation d. Flash flood
5. Analyze the series of words and choose the word that does not belong.
a. Mental Hygiene b. Air pollution c. Soil pollution
d. Noise pollution
6. An alteration of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of
the water, air and/or land resources.
a.Illegal mining b. Soil erosion c.
Pollution d. Flash flood
7. What environmental problem reduces the ability of soil to store water
and support plant growth?
a. Illegal mining b. Soil erosion c.
Deforestation d. Flash flood
8. It is a destruction of big areas of the forest.
a. Illegal mining b. Soil erosion c. Deforestation d. Flash
flood
9. An excessive sound that causes hearing loss, stress, fatigue,
irritability, tension, headaches, and high blood pressure.
a. Soil pollution b. Noise pollution c. Air
pollution d. Water pollution
10. Which of the following is an example of rubbish?
a. Leaves b. Branches c. Grass d. Broken glass
 HI THERE! MY NAME IS UMARU AND I WILL BE YOUR GUIDE
IN THIS MODULE. SO, LET’S START OUR TOUR ABOUT
COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS.

LESSON 1: CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY and ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

”Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
not just the absence of disease or infirmity. It leads to the ability to
lead a socially and economically productive life.” – World Health
Organization
Community - defined as a sociological group in a large place sharing one
environment. It therefore includes the individual and the family.
Community Health - defined as the art and science of maintaining,
protecting and improving the health of all the members of the community
through organized and sustained community efforts
Environmental Health – comprises those aspects of human health that are
determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial
factors in the surrounding environment.

Characteristics of a healthy community include (World Health Organization

(2002)):
1. A clean and safe physical environment
2. An environment that meets everyone’s basic needs
3. An environment that promotes social harmony and actively involves
everyone
4. An understanding of local health and environment issues
5. A community that participates in identifying local solutions to local
problems
6. A community whose members have access to varied experiences, means of
interaction and communication
7. Accessible and appropriate health services and facilities
8. The promotion and celebration of historical and cultural heritage
9. A diverse and innovative economy
10.A sustainable use of available resources for all

The Department of Health promoted community health with the partnership of

community, barangay, government, and nongovernmental organizations through
the program called Primary Health Care because our government believes that
a strong nation needs a healthy citizenry.

Primary Health Care Program -

 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRAM

Health Care Services Functions

Maternal Health Care
Child Health Care
Nutrition Program
Population and Family Planning
Program
Control of communicable diseases
Environmental Sanitation program
Control on non-communicable
diseases
Dental Health Program
Reproductive Health Care
Medical Morbidity Clinic
National Voluntary Blood
Services
Epidemiology and Surveillance
Program
Disaster Management Preparedness
Program
Mental Hygiene
Pharmacy Services
Pre-natal, Natal, Post-natal
Immunizations, Control of diarrheal
diseases
Operation Timbang, Food Supplementation
Free Family planning
Tuberculosis control program
Inspection of food establishments
Blood Pressure screening
Tooth Extraction
Counselling on family planning and RH
Provision of free medicines
Blood-letting activities at barangay
level
Controlling outbreaks like Dengue
Medical Services/assistance during
disaster
Adolescent counselling centers
Distribution of medicines to all health
centers

-The above services are available for free in your community because they
are subsidized by the government to ensure that your health is being
protected.
 PERENNIAL COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS

Waste
Disposal
Food
Peace and Sanitation
Order

Disease Water
Control COMMUNITY Supply
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
Drug Abuse,
Human Prevention and
Excreta and Control in the
Sewage Community

Different perennial problems happen to the different regions of the country.

They vary according to factors like: economy, politics, geography, culture
and social context. There are places which experience community health
problems like:
water-borne and communicable diseases
armed conflicts
natural disasters
highly urbanized zones
overpopulated areas
In this regard, the government has created an office which would be in
charge of planning and implementing rules and regulations to address the
above mentioned community health problems. One of its programs is Solid
Waste Management Program that helps to lessen the amount of refuse in our
country. Let’s take a deeper look at its focus of concern
Refuse are the dump, food waste or discarded materials.
 Refuse Materials by Kind, Composition and Sources

KIND COMPOSITION SOURCES

Waste from preparation, cooking Households, restaurants,
and serving of food, market institutions, stores,
GARBAGE
wastes, wastes from handling, markets
storage and sale of produce
Combustible: paper, cartons, Same as garbage
boxes, barrels, wood, excelsior,
tree branches, yard trimmings,
RUBBISH wood furniture, bedding, dunnage
Non-combustible: metals, tin
cans, metal furniture, dirt,
glass, crockery, minerals
Residue from fires used for Same as garbage
ASHES cooking and heating and from on-
site incineration
Sweepings, dirt, leaves, catch- Streets, sidewalks,
STREET REFUSE basin dirt, contents of litter alleys, vacant lots
receptacles
DEAD ANIMALS Cats, dogs, horses, cows Same as street refuse
ABANDONED Unwanted cars and trucks left on Same as street refuse
VEHICLES public properly
Food-processing wastes, boiler Factories, power plants
INDUSTRIAL
house cinders, lumber scraps,
WASTES
metal scraps, shavings
Lumber, pipes, bricks, masonry, Demolition sites to be
DEMOLITION and other construction materials used for new buildings,
WASTES from razed buildings and other renewal projects,
structures expressways
CONSTRUCTION Scrap lumber, pipes, other New construction
WASTES construction materials remodeling
Hazardous solids and liquids: Household, hotels,
SPECIAL WASTES explosives, pathological wastes, hospitals, institutions,
radioactive materials, batteries stores, industry
SEWAGE Solids from coarse screening and Sewage treatment plants,
TREATMENT from grit chambers; septic-tank septic tanks.
RESIDUE sludge
Source: Tan, Galvez, et.al. (2009).The Health Curriculum in
Philippine Basic Education. Vol. 2: A Resource Book for Teachers.
Quezon City: UNACOM, Social and Human Sciences Committee
For more information!
Garbage refers to leftover vegetables, animal, fish and other food
materials from the kitchen and establishments.
Rubbish are waste materials such as bottles, broken glass, tin cans,
waste papers, discarded porcelain wares, pieces of metal and other
wrapping materials.
Dead animals are lifeless dogs, cats, rats, pigs, chicken and other
animals which die from diseases or accidents.
Stable Manure includes animal wastes from barns, stables or the like.
Street Night soil consists of human waste, normally wrapped and thrown
into sidewalks and streets. It also includes human waste from the
pail system
Yard Cuttings are those leaves, branches, grass, and other similar
materials made during cleaning of gardens and typhoon aftermaths.

Waste Disposal is the proper disposal of a discarded or discharges material

in accordance with local environmental guidelines or laws.
Solid Waste Management refers to the discipline associated with the:
control of generation
storage collection
transfer and transport
processing
disposal of solid waste
 HEY!! CONGRATULATIONS FOR FINISHING. NOW LET’S
TEST WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED BY DOING ALL THE
ACTIVITIES THAT I HAVE PREPARED FOR YOU. LET’S
START NOW.

ACTIVIY 1. Fill Me Up!!

FILL IN THE BLANKS
DIRECTION: Supply the missing ideas inside the box.
Health Care Services Functions
Maternal Health Care Pre-natal, Natal, Post-natal
Child Health Care
Nutrition Program
Free Family planning
Tuberculosis control program
Environmental Sanitation
program
Blood Pressure screening
Dental Health Program Tooth Extraction
Reproductive Health Care
Provision of free medicines
National Voluntary Blood
Services
Controlling outbreaks like Dengue
Medical Services/assistance during
disaster
Adolescent counselling centers
Pharmacy Services

ACTIVITY 2. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE

DIRECTION: Analyze the following statements. Write T if the statement is
correct and change the underline word/s if the statement is incorrect. Write
your answer on the space provided for.

_______________ 1. Street night soil are those leaves, branches, grass,

and other similar materials made during cleaning of
gardens and typhoon aftermath.
_______________ 2. Community Health defined as the art and science of
maintaining, protecting and improving the health of
all the members of the community through organized and
sustained community efforts.
_______________ 3. Refuse refers to leftover vegetables, animals, fish and
other food materials from the kitchen and establishments.
________________ 4. Solid Waste Management Program that helps to lessen the
amount of refuse in our country.
________________ 5. Environmental Health comprises those aspects of human
health that are determined by physical, chemical,
biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the
surrounding environment.
________________ 6.Human Excreta are the dump, food waste or discarded
materials.
________________ 7. Garbage refers to waste materials such as bottles,
broken glass, tin cans, waste papers, and other wrapping
materials.
________________ 8. Rubbish is the proper disposal of a discarded or
discharges materials in accordance with local
environmental guidelines or laws.
________________ 9. Yard cuttings includes animal wastes from barns, stables
or the like.
________________ 10. Dead animals are lifeless dogs, cats, rats, pigs,
chicken and other animals which die from diseases or
accidents.

ACTIVITY 3. ANSWER ME!!

Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space
provided for.

1. How do you assess if your community is healthy? What are the

characteristics of a healthy community?

2. What are some of the benefits that we can enjoy with a healthy
community?

YEEYYY!! CONGRATULATIONS FOR FINISHING

THE ACTIVITIES. NOW TAKE A REST AND
RELAX BEFORE RETURNING BACK HERE TO
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF
COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH.
 HEY! WELCOME BACK, NOW ARE YOU READY
TO LEARN? OKAY LET’S START, ENJOY!!

LESSON 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE

PHILIPPINES

DEFORESTATION - is the destruction of big areas of forests.

- The Philippines is among the
countries with the fastest loss
of forest cover around the world.
- It ranks 4th among the world’s
top 10 most threatened forest
hotspots
- If the 157, 400 ha per year rate
of deforestation continues, our
remaining forest cover will be
wiped out in less than 40 years

FLASH FLOOD - is a
sudden flood of
great volume,
usually caused by a
heavy rain.

ILLEGAL MINING - is defined as the extraction of valuable minerals or

other geological materials from the earth from an ore body, lode,
vein, seam, or reef, which forms the mineralized package of economic
interest to the miner in the absence of land rights, mining license,
exploration or mineral transportation permit or of any document that
could legitimate the on-going operations.

Note: The Mining Act of 1995 aimed to help the domestic mining
industry regain its competitiveness by allowing companies
(Contractors) to obtain an exploration permit for a specific area for
up to four years.
SOIL EROSION - happens when soil and
rock are moved from one place to
another by wind, water, and gravity.
Causes of Soil Erosion:
Deforestation
Building of Roads
Agriculture
Urbanization
Mining

CORAL REEF DEGRADATION - is a significant problem throughout the

world. It has been acknowledged that 27% of the world’s reefs have
been affected. Gardener (2003) pointed out that:
11% has been completely lost
16% has been damaged

Coral reefs – are diverse

underwater ecosystems built
from calcium carbonate
secreted by corals.

POLLUTION - means any alteration of the physical, chemical and

biological properties of water, air and/or land resources.

AIR POLLUTION - means

any alteration of the
physical, chemical and
biological properties
of the atmospheric air
WATER POLLUTION -
means any alteration
of the physical,
chemical,
biological, or
radiological
properties of a body
of water resulting
in the impairment of
its purity or
quality.

NOISE POLLUTION - is the

excessive sound that
causes hearing loss,
stress, fatigue,
irritability, tension,
headaches, and high blood
pressure.

SOIL POLLUTION - is
chiefly caused by
chemicals in
pesticides, such as
poisons that are used
to kill agricultural
pests like insects and
herbicides that are
used to get rid of
weeds. Soil pollution
results from:
•Unhealthy methods of
soil management.
•Harmful irrigation
methods.
 EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Environmental EFFECTS
Problems
Deforestation Soil erosion
Landslides Greenhouse effect
Denuded upland Silting of rivers and
dams. Degraded watershed Flooding
Destruction of corals along the coast
Flash Floods Causes of diseases such as Cholera and
other water borne diseases Loss of life
Contamination of drinking water
Destruction of Sewage System Destruction
of dams and destruction of levees
Soil Erosion Unproductive use of farmland
Difficulty in raising of livestock
Sitting of artificial lakes
Loss of soil and vegetation which causes
climate changes
Oil Spill Suffocation of marine mammals
Death of trees from oil in roots
Coral Reef Degradation Loss of edible reef fish
Reduction of species diversity and
richness
Alteration in the size structure of
target species
Illegal Mining Water poisoning of all the living things
in it Destruction of beautiful coral
reefs Barenness of land
 AWEE!! YOU ARE FINALLY DONE
READING.ARE YOU EXCITED TO TEST WHAT
YOU HAVE LEARNED? OKAY, NOW LET’S
START ANSWERING THE ACTIVITIES THAT
I’VE PREPARED FOR YOU.

ACTIVITY 1. SUM IT UP!

DIRECTION: You have already identified the different environmental issues
and their effects on people’s health. Now, you have to sum up what you have
learned.

Environmental EFFECTS ON THE EFFECTS ON THE

Problems ENVIRONMENT PEOPLE’S HEALTH

Deforestation

Flash Floods

Soil Erosion

Oil Spill

Coral Reef
Degradation

Illegal Mining

ACTIVITY 2. IT’S MY SONG

In a short bond paper, compose your own song on how you can protect our
environments. Be guided with the rubrics on the next page.
 5 4 3 2 1
CRITERIA VERY
EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR
GOOD
1. Composition:
Showed love and care for the
environment
2. Lyrics:
The lyrics are singable and
memorable
3. Music and Melody:
The music and lyrics fit
together in a cohesive way
4. Originality:
The song expresses the theme in
a new or fresh way.
TOTAL

ACTIVITY 3. DRAW ME UP
In a short bond paper, create a poster about Environmental Problems in the
Philippines.

5 4 3 2 1
CRITERIA VERY
EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR
GOOD
1. Coverage of the Topic
2. Use of Graphics
3. Organization
4. Layout and Designs
TOTAL

YEYY!!! YOU DID GREAT! YOU NAILED IT.

NOW IT’S TIME FOR YOU TO TAKE YOUR
REST AND RELAX. SEE YAH TOMORROW.
POST-TEST.
ACTIVITY 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS
Direction: Analyze the following pictures. What are the cause and
effects of the following environmental problems in the
Philippines?
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ACTIVITY 2: VENN DIAGRAM
Direction: Complete the Venn Diagram below to compare and contrast the
“Community Health Problems” and “Environmental Problems”.

COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

YEY! CONGRATULATIONS! YOU’RE

FINALLY DONE WITH THIS MODULE.
I HOPE YOU LEARNED A LOT ABOUT
COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS. CIAO!!
REFERENCES:
A. BOOK
Physical Education and Health-Grade 9, Physical Education and Health-
Learner’s Material,First Edition (2014),Printed in the Philippines by
Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc., Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Resources (Deped-BLR), Ground Floor, Bonifacio
Bldg., Deped Complex Meralco Aveneu, Pasig City Philippines 1600.

B. INTERNET SOURCES