Chapter (1)

Revision Questions
Standards of Length, Mass and Time
Multiple Choice
1. The density of an object is defined as:
a. the volume occupied by each unit of mass.
b. the amount of mass for each unit of volume.
c. the weight of each unit of volume.
d. the amount of the substance that has unit volume and unit mass.
e. the amount of the substance that contains as many particles as 12 grams of
the carbon-12 isotope. (Ans. (b))

1 2
2. The term v occurs in Bernoulli’s equation, with  being the density of a
2
fluid and v its speed. The dimensions of this term are
a. M -1L5T 2 b. MLT 2
c. ML-1T -2 d. M -1L9T -2
e. M -1L3T -2 (Ans. (c))

3. Which of the following quantities has the same dimensions as kinetic energy,
1
mv 2 ?
2
Note: [ a] = [ g ] = LT -2 ; [ h] = L and [v ] = LT -1 .

a. ma b. mvx
c. mvt d. mgh
e. mgt (Ans. (d))

4. The quantity with the same units as force times time, Ft , with dimensions
MLT -1 is
a. mv b. mvr
c. mv 2 r d. ma
mv 2
e. (Ans. (a))
r

5. The equation for the change of position of a train starting at x = 0 m is

1
given by x = at 2 + bt 3 . The dimensions of b are
2

95
 Energy and Energy Transfer 96

a. T -3 b. LT -3 c. LT -2

d. LT -1 e. L-1T -1 (Ans. (b))

6. The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39 mm in height and

39 mm in diameter. What is the density of the material? (Ans. 21 475 kg/m3)

7. A 2.00 m by 3.00 m plate of aluminum has a mass of 324 kg. What is the thickness
of the plate? (The density of aluminum is 2.70  103 kg/m3.) (Ans. 2.00 cm)

8. What is the mass of air in a room that measures 5.0 m  8.0 m  3.0 m? (The
density of air is 1/800 that of water). (Ans. 150 kg)

9) The base SI unit of time is :

A) hour. B) minute.
C) second. D) millisecond (Answer: C ).

10) The position, x, of an object is given by the equation x = A + Bt +Ct2, where t refers to time.
What are the dimensions of A, B, and C?
A) distance, distance, distance B) distance, time, time2
C) distance, distance/time, distance/ time2 D) distance/time, distance/ time2, distance/ time3
(Answer: C )

11) The average density of blood is 1.06 × 103 kg/m3. If you donate a pint of blood to the Red
Cross, what mass of blood have you donated, in grams? (1 pt = 1/2 L, 1 L = 1000 cm3.)
A) 530 g B) 0.530 g
C) 5300 g D) 5.30 × 105 g (Answer: A )

12) The mass of Mars, 6.40 × 1023 kg, is about one-tenth that of the Earth, and its radius, 3395
km, is about half that of Earth. What is the mean density of Mars in kg/m3?
A) 9.76 × 102 B) 1.95 × 103
C) 3.90 × 10 3 D) 7.81 × (Answer: C )

The Laws of Motion

Multiple Choice
1. A 5.0-kg object is pulled along a horizontal surface at a constant speed by a 15-N
force acting 20° above the horizontal. How much work is done by this force as
the object moves 6.0 m?
a. 78 J b. 82 c. 85 J d. 74 J
e. 43 J ( Answer (c))
 Energy and Energy Transfer 97

2. How much work is done by a person lifting a 2.0-kg object from the bottom of a
well at a constant speed of 2.0 m/s for 5.0 s?
a. 0.22 kJ b. 0.20 kJ c. 0.24 kJ d. 0.27 kJ
e. 0.31 kJ (Answer (b))

3. A 2.5-kg object falls vertically downward in a viscous medium at a constant

speed of 2.5 m/s. How much work is done by the force the viscous medium
exerts on the object as it falls 80 cm?
a. +2.0 J b. +20 J c. –2.0 J d. –20 J
e. +40 J ( Answer (d))

4. Carts A and B have equal masses and travel equal distances on straight
frictionless tracks while a constant force F is applied to A, and a constant force 2F
is applied to B. The relative amounts of work done by the two forces are related
by
a. WA = 4 WB. b. WA = 2 WB.
c. WA = WB. d. WB = 2 WA.
e. WB = 4 WA. Answer (d)

5. In a contest, two tractors pull two identical blocks of stone the same distance
over identical surfaces. However, block A is moving twice as fast as block B
when it crosses the finish line. Which statement is correct?
a. Block A has twice as much kinetic energy as block B.
b. Block B has lost twice as much kinetic energy to friction as block A.
c. Block B has lost twice as much kinetic energy as block A.
d. Both blocks have had equal losses of energy to friction.
e. No energy is lost to friction because the ground has no displacement.

Answer (d)

6. A 30 kg child sitting 5.0 m from the center of a merry-go-round has a constant

speed of 5.0 m/s. While she remains seated in the same spot and travels in a
circle, the work the seat performs on her in one complete rotation is
a. 0 J. b. 150 J.
c. 1500 J. d. 4700 J.
e. 46,000 J Answer (a)
 Energy and Energy Transfer 98

7) What is the correct unit of work expressed in SI units?

A) kg m/s2 B) kg m2/s
2
C) kg m /s2 D) kg2 m/s2 (Answer: C)

8) Can work be done on a system if there is no motion?

A) Yes, if an outside force is provided. B) Yes, since motion is only relative.
C) No, since a system which is not moving has no energy. D) No, because of the way work is defined.
(Answer: D)

9) A 50-N object was lifted 2.0 m vertically and is being held there. How much work is being done in holding
the box in this position?
A) more than 100 J B) 100 J
C) less than 100 J, but more than 0 J D) 0 J (Answer: D)

10) You throw a ball straight up. Compare the sign of the work done by gravity while the ball goes up with
the sign of the work done by gravity while it goes down.
A) Work is + on the way up and + on the way down.
B) Work is + on the way up and - on the way down.
C) Work is - on the way up and + on the way down.
D) Work is - on the way up and - on the way down. (Answer: C)

11) On a plot of Force versus position (F vs. x), what represents the work done by the force F?
A) the slope of the curve B) the length of the curve
C) the area under the curve D) the product of the maximum force times the maximum x
Answer: C

12) The quantity 1/2 mv2 is

A) the kinetic energy of the object. B) the potential energy of the object.
C) the work done on the object by the force. D) the power supplied to the object by the force.
Answer: A

13) If the net work done on an object is positive, then the object's kinetic energy
A) decreases. B) remains the same.
C) increases. D) is zero. (Answer: C)

14) If the net work done on an object is negative, then the object's kinetic energy
A) decreases. B) remains the same.
C) increases. D) is zero. (Answer: A)

15) If the net work done on an object is zero, then the object's kinetic energy
A) decreases. B) remains the same.
C) increases. D) is zero. (Answer: B)
16) Car J moves twice as fast as car K, and car J has half the mass of car K. The kinetic energy of car J,
compared to car K is
A) the same. B) 2 to 1.
C) 4 to 1. D) 1 to 2.
Answer: B
17) The quantity mgy is
A) the kinetic energy of the object. B) the gravitational potential energy of the object.
C) the work done on the object by the force. D) the power supplied to the object by the force.
Answer: B
 Energy and Energy Transfer 99

18) An acorn falls from a tree. Compare its kinetic energy K, to its potential energy U.
A) K increases and U decreases. B) K decreases and U decreases.
C) K increases and U increases. D) K decreases and U increases.
Answer: A

19) An object is lifted vertically 2.0 m and held there. If the object weighs 90 N, how much work was done in
lifting it?
A) 360 J B) 180 J C) 90 J D) 0 J
Answer: B

20) You lift a 10-N physics book up in the air a distance of 1.0 m, at a constant velocity of 0.50 m/s. What is
the work done by the weight of the book?
A) +10 J B) -10 J C) +5.0 J D) -5.0 J
Answer: B

21) A 30-N box is pulled 6.0 m up along a 37° inclined plane. What is the work done by the weight
(gravitational force) of the box?
A) - 11 J B) - 1.1 × 102J C) - 1.4 × 102 J D) - 1.8 × 102 J
Answer: B

22) Matthew pulls his little sister Sarah in a sled on an icy surface (assume no friction), with a force of 60.0 N
at an angle of 37.0° upward from the horizontal. If he pulls her a distance of 12.0 m, what is the work done
by Matthew?
A) 185 J B) 433 J C) 575 J D) 720 J
Answer: C

23) A force moves an object in the direction of the force. The graph in Fig. 6-1 shows the force versus the
object's position. Find the work done when the object moves from 0 to 2.0 m.
A) 20 J B) 40 J C) 60 J D) 80 J
Answer: A

24) A force moves an object in the direction of the force. The graph in Fig. 6-1 shows the force versus the
object's position. Find the work done when the object moves from 2.0 to 4.0 m.
 Energy and Energy Transfer 100

A) 20 J B) 40 J C) 60 J D) 80 J
Answer: B

25) A horizontal force of 200 N is applied to move a 55-kg cart (initially at rest) across a 10 m level surface.
What is the final kinetic energy of the cart?
A) 1.0 × 103 J B) 2.0 × 103 J C) 2.7 × 103 J D) 4.0 × 103 J
Answer: B

26) A 15.0-kg object is moved from a height of 7.00 m above a floor to a height of 13.0 m above the floor.
What is the change in gravitational potential energy?
A) zero B) 1030 J C) 1176 J D) 1910 J
Answer: C

27) A 1.0-kg ball falls to the floor. When it is 0.70 m above the floor, its potential energy exactly equals its
kinetic energy. How fast is it moving?
A) 3.7 m/s B) 6.9 m/s C) 14 m/s D) 45 m/s

Answer: A

Elastic Properties of Solids

Multiple Choice
1. A 20-m long steel wire (cross-section 1 cm2, Young’s modulus 2  1011 N/m2), is
subjected to a load of 25,000 N. How much will the wire stretch under the load?
a. 0.25 cm
b. 2.5 cm
c. 12.5 cm
d. 25 cm
e. 1.25 cm

Answer (b)

2. How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2-mm diameter copper wire

(Y = 11  1010 N/m2) by 1%?
a. 2 163 N
b. 3 455 N
c. 6 911 N
d. 11 146 N
e. 5 420 N

Answer (b)
 Energy and Energy Transfer 101

3. How large a pressure increase (in ATM) must be applied to water if it is to be

compressed in volume by 1%? The bulk modulus of water is 2  109 N/m2 and 1 ATM =
105 N/m2.
a. 50 ATM
b. 100 ATM
c. 1 080 ATM
d. 400 ATM
e. 200 ATM

Answer (e)

4. Which one of the following cannot be a definition of an elastic modulus?

P
a. − Vi
V
Fh
b.
A x
FLi
c.
A L
V
d. Vi
P
stress
e.
strain

Answer (d)

Open-Ended Problems
5. For safety in climbing, a mountaineer uses a 50-m long nylon rope that is 1.0 cm in
diameter. When supporting a 90-kg climber, the rope elongates 1.6 m. Find the Young’s
modulus for the rope material. (Answer : 3.5x108 N/m2)

6. Find the minimum diameter of a steel wire 18 m long that will stretch no more than 9
mm when a load of 380 kg is hung on the lower end. (Y steel = 2.0  1011 N/m2). (Answer :
19 200 N)