GE ELECT 3 | LIVING IN THE IT ERA

History,
Meaning and
Roles of
Information and
Communication
Technology
Jessa Mae M. Estallo-Rull | Instructor
OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

The future may be unknown, but digital advancement continues to

reshape our world in ways that encourage people to form new
habits, find new ways to work together, and become better human
beings. And, in most cases, these changes translate into a range of
opportunities and disruptions across every industry. Humans have
always been quick to adapt technologies for better and faster
communication.
TECHNOLOGY

“techne”
which means craft or art; refers to all the ways people use
their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and
desires.

“logos”
which means word, the utterance by which inward thought
is expressed; a saying, or an expression.
TECHNOLOGY

➢ is the application of knowledge for practical

ends.
➢ is the sum of the ways in which social groups
provide themselves with the material objects of
their civilization.
➢ is defined as consisting of both hardware and
software (the knowledge required to produce
and use technological hardware).
WHAT IS
INFORMATION
COMMUNICATIO
N TECHNOLOGY?
INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
ICT, or information and communications
technology (or technologies), is the
infrastructure and components that enable
modern computing.

Although there is no single, universal definition

of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean
all devices, networking components, applications
and systems that combined allow people and
organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit
agencies, governments and criminal enterprises)
to interact in the digital world.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Pertains to the industry that involves

computers, software, networking, and other IT
infrastructure to help relay or manage
information important in modern-day living
as seen primarily in large companies or
corporations.
INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Involves transfer and use of all kinds of information.

Is referred to the modern digital technology

communication tools and/or networks to access,
manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information
to function in a knowledge society.
Information Communication
Technology

➢ Diverse set of technological tools and resources

used to create, transmit, store, share or
exchange information.

ICT
Brief History of ICT:
The Evolution of
Traditional to New
Media
 EVOLUTION ICT

1 2 3 4
PREHISTORIC INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
AGE AGE AGE AGE
1500 BC – 1500 AD 1700s-1930s 1930s – 1980s 1900s-2000s
• People discovered fire • People used the power of • People harness the power • People advanced the use of
• Developed paper from steam of electricity that led to Microelectronics in the
plants • Developed machine tools electrical telegraphy and invention of personal
• Forged equipment or • Establish iron production large scale computers computers, mobile devices,
weapons made by • Manufacturing various • Long distance became and wearable technology.
stone, bronze, copper or products such as Books possible • Internet is used for faster
iron through the Printing Press communication and the
creation of social network.
PREHISTORIC DEVICES
INDUSTRIAL DEVICES
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
DIGITAL DEVICES
The Evolution of
Traditional to New
Media
ICT Timeline
Ancient Civilization
>First humans communicated
only through speaking and
picture drawing.
>During 3100 BC, the Egyptians
devised a system of picture
writing called “hieroglyphics.”
>The Babylonians and
Sumerians were known to
devise the “cuneiform”.
>Phoenicians created letter
>symbols.
>The Greeks later adopted
the Phoenician alphabet
and added vowels.
>Romans gave the letters
Latin names to create the
alphabet we use today.
Ancient Civilization
>Sumerians’ input technology
was a stylus that would scratch
marks in a wet clay about 2600
BC.
>The Egyptians write on the
papyrus plant around 100 AD.
>The Chinese made paper
from rags on which modern-
day papermaking is based.
>Religious leaders in
Mesopotamia kept the earliest
books.
>The Egyptians kept scrolls
>around 600 BC.
>The Greeks began to fold
sheets of papyrus vertically
into leaves and bind them
together.
Ancient Civilization
>The Egyptians devised a >The first numbering systems >Around 875 AD, the
special numbering system in similar to those in use today concept
which the numbers 1-9 as vertical were invented between 100 >of zero (0) was developed.
lines, the number 10 as a U or and 200 AD by the Hindus >The Chinese abacus,
circle, the number 100 as a who created a 9-digit dubbed as the “first
coiled rope, and the number numbering system. calculator”, is considered as
1,000 as a lotus blossom. one of the very first
information processors.
Ancient Civilization
>In 700 BCE, the Sparta’s
military devised a secure
communications system, called
“scytale”, involving two wooden
staffs of identical diameter and
a strip of parchment.
>The Antikythera Mechanism,
sometimes referred to as the
world’s “first computer”, was
designed in 150 BCE to
calculate and predict
astronomical phenomena,
seasons, and festivals.
>Julius Caesar’s cipher in
the first century BCE used
encryption to scramble
military communications.
>The Kama Sutra advised
men how to compose and
read secret messages.
Mechanical Age
>Johann Gutenberg invented the >Leon Battista Alberti’s cipher >In 1613, Richard
movable metal-type printing disk called “formula”, in the Braithwaite became the
process in 1450. 1470s, was designed to encrypt first person to use the word
language: it comprises two “computer” in print – at
>In this era, the development of
concentric copper circles with least, according to the
book indexes and the
the alphabet ringing each in Oxford English Dictionary.
widespread use of page numbers
the proper order.
were evident.
Mechanical Age
>Napier’s Bones, a device
developed by John Napier in
1617, allowed multiplication and
division of multidigit numbers by
any other number between 2
and 9.
>Edmund Gunter created a
wooden device, labeled NUM,
that resembled a ruler that
had multiple scales which also
used to solve logarithmic
problems.
>The Slide Rule, developed
by William Oughtred in
1630s and 1650s, is a
mechanical device in which
numbers that are added are
printed on two logarithmic
scales
Mechanical Age
>The Pascaline calculator was >Leibniz also worked out the >Wolfgang von Kempelen
developed by Blaise Pascal in concept of binary arithmetic, created the “Mechanical
1642. including the rules for binary Turk” in 1770, an elaborate
addition, subtraction, hoax that alleged to be a
>The Step Reckoner was a
multiplication, and division in “thinking” machine.
calculating machine developed
1703.
by Wilhelm Gottfried von Leibniz
in 1672.
Mechanical Age
>The optical telegraph,
essentially a practical system of
sending letters over distance
with light, was developed by
Claude Chappe and his younger
brothers in 1791.
>Joseph Marie Jacquard
invented a way to accelerate
and simplify the time-
consuming and complex task
of weaving fabric called
“Jacquard’s Loom” in 1801.
>In 1822, Charles Babbage
developed the Difference
Engine, an automatic
mechanical calculator that is
designed to calculate and
tabulate a polynomial
function.
Mechanical Age
>The Analytical Engine was
designed: a fully-controlled
general purpose computer
which was to be programmed
with punch cards and had a
separate store where numbers
would be kept.
>Lady Augusta Ada Byron, >Charles Babbage, Father of
dubbed as the first Modern Computing, founded
programmer, designed an the British Statistical Society
algorithm and detailed and the Royal Astronomical
instructions for making Society.
Babbage’s machine compute
Bernoulli numbers.
Electromechanical Age
>In 1833, Michael Faraday
discovered that the chemical
silver sulfide became a better
conductor when heated, unlike
metals that lose their
conductivity under the same
conditions.
>The key invention was John
Daniell’s wet-cell battery in
1836, a reliable source of
electricity.
Samuel Morse is credited
with
inventing, patenting, and
promoting the first practical
telegraph in the same year.
>In 1843, Alexander Bain
built an “electric printing
telegraph” that used a pair of
precisely timed pendulums,
one configured to function
like a scanner, the other to
function as a remote printer
Electromechanical Age
>Charles Xavier Thomas de
Colmar invented the
arithmometer in 1844 that could
reliably add and subtract
numbers up to three digits, and
multiply and divide as well.
>The first electromagnetic
spam message was sent in
1864: the message appeared
on the swinging needles of
William Fothergill Cooke and
Charles Wheatstone’s
electromagnetic telegraph.
>In 1865, Giovanni Caselli
improved Bain’s basic idea
with a more compact device
called a “pantelegraph”,
which transmitted a message
written with insulating ink on
a metal plate.
Electromechanical Age
>In 1866, Mahlon Loomis >Jean-Maurice Emile Baudot >Karl Ferdinand Braun
successfully demonstrated devised a system for invented the “diodes” or
“wireless telegraphy” wherein telegraphy in 1874, the “rectifiers” in 1874, the
he was able to make a meter Baudot’s Code, which was simplest electronic
connected to one kite cause adopted as the ITA 1, one of components.
another one to move, making the original international
the first instance of wireless telecommunications
aerial communication. standards
Electromechanical Age
>In 1876, the telephone was
invented by Alexander Graham
Bell.
>In 1890, the Pantographic
Punch Card developed by
Hollerith was used to process
and tabulate census data in the
United States.
>Guglielmo Marconi proved >Applications of LEDs (light-
the feasibility of radio emitting diodes) and other
communication in 1894. semiconductors including a
>In 1897, Braun invented “light relay device”, a radio
the cathode-ray tube which receiver, and a solid-state
would become the basis of amplifier in 1927 by Oleg
television. Losev.
Electromechanical Age
>In 1928, Homer Dudley
developed the “vocoder”, a
process to compress the size of
human speech into intelligible
electronic transmissions and
create synthetic speech by
imitating the sounds of the
human vocal cord.
>Vannevar Bush and his
student Harold Locke Hazen
designed and built the
Differential Analyzer in 1931,
allowing complex differential
equations to be analyzed.
>In 1939, the Hewlett-
Packard was founded: David
Packard and Bill Hewlett sold
HP 200A Audio Oscillator,
which rapidly became a
popular piece of test
equipment for engineers.
Electronic Age
>In 1941, the Z3 Computer
developed by Konrad Zuse was
considered as the world’s first
working programmable, fully
automatic digital computer.
>The Atanasoff-Berry >The MIT built the Project
Computer by John Vincent Whirlwind in 1943, a flight
Atanasoff and Clifford simulator to train bomber
Edward Berry was built in crews.
1942: the ABC was an
automatic, electronic digital
desktop computer.
Electronic Age
>The ENIAC (Electronic >The Colossus by Thomas >The Mark I in 1944,
Numerical Integrator and Harold Flowers, Sidney conceived by Howard Aiken
Computer), the first electronic Broadhurst, and W.T. Tutte, and designed and built by
computer, was built by John was the first electronic digital IBM, was a room-sized,
Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert computing machine designed relay-based calculator.
in 1943 to perform complex successfully used during
ballistic calculations for the US WWII by the United Kingdom
Army. in 1943.
Electronic Age
>John von Neumann wrote the >In 1946, the trackball was >Howard Aiken completed
first draft of the report on the one of the first computer the Mark II computer in 1947.
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete input devices to enable In the same year, the first
Variable Automatic Computer) in freeform cursor movement actual case of bug was
which he outlined the by the user, simultaneously found.
architecture of a stored- over both the x- axis and y-
program computer in 1945. axis on a computer screen.
Electronic Age
>The first silicon transistor was >In 1948, the IBM’s Selective >The Curta calculator,
ever made and manufactured by Sequence Electronic developed by Curt Herzstark,
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, Calculator (SSEC) computed is the most elegant, compact,
and William Shockley in 1947. scientific data used for and functional pocket
plotting the course of the mechanical calculator ever
1969 Apollo flight to the manufactured in 1948.
moon.
Electronic Age
>In 1950, the Engineering
Research Associates built the
ERA 1101, the first commercially
produced computer. It held 1
million bits on its magnetic
drum, the earliest magnetic
storage devices.
>In 1951, the UNIVAC, was >Microprogramming was
one of the first computers born in 1951 when Maurice
commercially produced and Wilkes designed the CPU
perform calculations much and ALU.
faster than humans could
enter them: UNIVAC used
metal tape technology.
Electronic Age
>The automatic digit recognition
system, also known as Audrey,
was developed by Bell Labs in
1952.
>In 1953, Jay Forrester
installed magnetic core
memory on the Whirlwind
computer.
>The IBM 650 magnetic
drum calculator established
itself as one of the first mass-
produced computers in 1954.
>The term Artificial
Intelligence (AI) was coined
in 1955 by John McCarthy,
Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel
Rochester, and Claude
Shannon.
Electronic Age
>A new computer language
developed by John Warner
Backus in 1957, Fortran
(Formula Translator), enabled a
computer to perform a repetitive
task from a single set of
instructions by using loops.
>The first digital image was
produced in 1957 by Russell
Kirsch.
>The Common Business
Oriented Language (COBOL)
was created in 1960.
>The first interactive
computer game was
developed in 1962.
>In 1964, the System/360 of
IBM was considered as the
first networked computer.
Electronic Age
>The BASIC, an easy-to-learn
programming language created
by Thomas Kurtz and John
Kemeny in 1964, was the
forerunner for the advanced
programming languages in use
today.
>In 1969, the Unix Operating
System was developed; it
combined many of the
timesharing and file
management features.
>Victor Scheinman’s
Stanford Arm made a
breakthrough as the first
electrically power computer-
controlled robot arm in 1969.
Electronic Age
>In 1971, the first email was
sent. Ray Tomlinson, who is
credited with being the one to
decide on the “@” sign for use
in email, sent his message over
a military network called
ARPANET.
>The Pong, the first
modern video game, was
released; it was created by
Al Alcorn in 1972.
>In 1975, Bill Gates and Paul
Allen formed a partnership
called Microsoft.
>The Betamax, an analog
video cassette which allowed
the recording and playback
of video, was developed by
Sony and released in Japan
in 1975.
Electronic Age
>In 1976, the Apple was born:
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
designed the Apple I, a single-
board computer.
>The Video Home System
(VHS) was developed in 1976
by the JVC Company.
>The Atari released the >Seagate Technology
Video Computer System created the first hard disk
(VCS) in 1977, the first drive for microcomputers in
successful video game 1980, the ST506.
system, selling more than 20
million units throughout the
1980s.
Electronic Age
>The MS-DOS was released
in 1981.
>The Apple Computer launched
the Macintosh in 1984, the first
successful mouse-driven
computer with a graphical user
interface.
>Pixar, originally called the
Special Effects Computer
Group, was founded in 1986.
>Robert Morris’ worm
flooded the ARPANET in
1988, the first known
computer virus.
>In 1989, Maxis released
SimCity, the first ever
simulator game.
>The World Wide Web was
born in 1990 when Tim
Berners-Lee developed the
HTML.
Electronic Age
>In 1990, the Microsoft
launched the Windows 3.0, the
first successful version of
Windows which finally offered
good enough performance to
satisfy PC users.
>The first person shooter-
style game, the Doom, was
released in 1993. The
Mosaic web browser, the first
commercial software that
allowed graphical access to
content on the internet, was
also released.
>In 1994, the Yahoo was
founded by Jerry Yang and
David Filo; Yahoo originally
resided in two machines,
Akebono and Konishiki, and
became the internet’s most
popular search engine then.
Electronic Age
>During the Independence Day
in 1996 in the US, Sabeer
Bhatia and Jack Smith launched
the Hotmail.
>In 1998, Microsoft released
the Windows 98.
>In 1998, Larry Page and
Sergey Brin’s Google was
successfully launched.
>In 2000, Sony launched the
PlayStation 2 or the PS2, the
best selling console of all
time.
>USB flash drive was
patented in 2000.
>The Wikipedia, an online
encyclopedia developed by
Jimmy Wales and Larry
Sanger, was launched in
2001.
Electronic Age
>The iTunes debuted in 2001;
the iTunes Store, a software-
based online digital media store
operated by Apple, was opened
in 2003.
>The CAPTCHA (Completely
Automated Public Turing Test
to Tell Computer and
Humans Apart), a test
program that distinguishes a
human from a bot, was
developed in 2003.
>In 2004, the Facebook, a
social networking service,
was successfully launched.
>In 2005, the YouTube was
founded by Chad Hurley,
Steve Chen, and Jawed
Karim.
Electronic Age
>Apple created the first
iPhone in 2007.
>Bitcoin, invented by Satoshi
Nakamoto, was the first digital
currency to gain mainstream
use and demonstrate a practical
application for blockchain in
2008.
>Microsoft launched
Windows 7 in 2009, less than
three years after the release
of its predecessor, Windows
Vista.
>In 2012, George Church,
Yuan Gao, and Sriram
Kosuri, announced that they
had successfully stored
5.27 megabits of digitized
information in strands of
DNA.
Electronic Age
>In 2013, subscription software
were imposed; Adobe stopped
selling copies of its
tremendously popular
Photoshop and Illustrator
programs and instead started to
rent them.
>In 2014, data breaches
touched individuals on a
scale not seen before, in
terms of both the amount and
the sensitivity of data that
was stolen.
>Pokemon GO was a
watershed event for the
computer game industry and
for augmented reality. AR
was successfully launched in
the mainstream in 2016.
THE ROLES OF
INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
➢ Education

➢ Sports and Entertainment

➢ Advertising, Trade and Industry

➢ Healthcare and Medicine

➢ Science and Engineering

➢ Government and Politics

➢ Communication and Transportation

➢ Job Opportunities

➢ Culture and the Arts

➢ Home
EDUCATION
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can impact student
learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate
it into curriculum.

Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate,

store, and manage information.

In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching learning
interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with
interactive digital whiteboards, using students’ own smartphones or other
devices for learning during class time, and the “flipped classroom” model
where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom
time for more interactive exercises.
EDUCATION
When teachers are digitally literate and trained
to use ICT, these approaches can lead to higher
order thinking skills, provide creative and
individualized options for students to express
their understandings, and leave students better
prepared to deal with ongoing technological
change in society and the workplace.
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to
operate more efficiently, so employing staff with ICT skills
is vital to the smooth running of any business. Being able
to use ICT systems effectively allows employees more time
to concentrate on areas of their job role that require soft
skills.
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
Nowadays, finding a job is different, you
can just use your smart phone, laptop,
desktop or any gadgets that is available
in the comfort of your home.
COMMUNICATION
We all know that ICT take a major role
for us by means of communicating, way
back in the past our parents use to
make letter and send it via post mail.
But now with the help of ICT it is
easier to communicate with our love
ones. We can use cellular phones that
design for communicating with other
people even they are miles away far
from you.
COMMUNICATION
ICT allows students to monitor and manage their
own learning, think critically and creatively, solve
simulated real-world problems, work
collaboratively, engage in ethical decision-making,
and adopt a global perspective towards issues and
ideas.

It also provides students from remote areas access

to expert teachers and learning resources, and
gives administrators and policy makers the data
and expertise they need to work more efficiently.
TRANSFORTATION
ICT can improve safety in the transportation industry by
enabling real-time vehicle tracking, spotting possible
dangers, and sending drivers and passengers emergency
alerts and notifications. People can now book train and
bus tickets by sitting at home without going any place.
ICT has the capacity to significantly improve the
transportation industry. ICT can contribute to more
dependable, reasonably priced, and environmentally
friendly transportation through enhancing safety,
efficiency, an
ADVERTISING, TRADE, AND INDUSTRY
ICT helps the companies in identifying the
opportunities and implementing marketing
communications via multiple media.

Reaching a larger audience, raising brand

awareness, generating leads, expanding
consumer engagement, and improving marketing
effectiveness are all advantages of employing ICT
in digital marketing.
HEALTH CARE & MEDICINE
ICT has transformed healthcare in many
developing countries by competently
distributing public health information and
enabling consultation in health issues.

Hospitals and physician offices large and

small have implemented new technologies
to respond to a changing regulatory
environment and to improve the overall
quality of care for patients.
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
We all know that ICT take a major role in Science and Engineering
field. The ability to access information, gather, analyze, and depict
data, model and comprehend concepts and linkages, and
communicate scientific concepts, methods, and information are
just a few of the ways they use ICT.

In engineering, powerful computers are used to solve challenging

mathematical problems, model, simulate, and design sophisticated
multi-physics systems, control intricate machinery and
interconnected embedded systems, and collect, store, and analyze
large amounts of experimental data. This is the main application of
ICT tools in general, and computers in particular, have long been in
the first category.
GOVERNMENT & POLITICS
ICTs (information and communication technology) are
influencing how we live our daily lives. Both in their roles
as customers and employees. However, it is rather recent
in date. ICT also have a significant impact on politics,
which is characterized by through group decision-making.

ICT is a vast and an expanding idea places its main

emphasis on our government, on how to store, retrieve,
transfer, and manipulate any particular data and process
in our egovernance. We may state that ICT is associated
with the notion of utilizing current devices that allow the
world to become digital.
CULTURE & ARTS
ICT play an increasingly significant part in
supporting the promotion of arts and
cultural heritage educational activities, as
well as programs and actions in museum
learning environments, whose goal is to
draw visitors and serve them while also
meeting their needs.
HOME
In addition to communication, or reaching out to
individuals near and distant, it has also improved
and made our work at home more easier.

Information and communication technology (ICT)

use in homes is the usage of it in schools and
universities is expanding more quickly, and there
are now there are more systems in homes than in
classrooms.
COMPUTER EVOLUTION
LINKS

2 4
1

3 5
 TECHNOLOGY
IS A USEFUL
SERVANT BUT
A DANGEROUS
MASTER.
christian lous lange
R e f e r e n c e s :
• Caoli-Tayuan, R. & Eleazar, M. (2019). Living in the information technology era. Quezon
City: C & E Publishing.
• Department of Information and Communications Technology-Modern Academics
Convergence Hub (Massive Open Online Courses)
thru DICT-ICT Literacy and Competency Development Bureau.
• Finn, C.J. (2012). Education reform for the digital era. Washington, D.C.: Thomas B.
Fordham Institute.
• Fuchs, C. (2008). Internet and society: Social theory in the information age. Madison
Avenue, New York: Routledge.
• Gilchrist, A. (2016). Industry 4.0: The industrial internet of things. Nonthaburi, Thailand:
Apress.
• Gleason, N. (2018). Higher education in the era of fourth industrial revolution. Singapore:
Palgrave Macmillan.
• Revano, T. (2019). Living in the information technology. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.
• Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic
Forum.
Do you have
any questions
so far?
I hope you learned something new.
Thank you!