NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2022

Session: 2022-23 (Autumn)
Steel Making (B. Tech, B.Tech-M.Tech Dual Degree) 5th Semester

Subject Code: MM3304 Subject Name: Steel Making Dept. Code: MM

No. of Pages: 2 Full Marks: 50 Duration: 3 hours

Figures at the right hand margin indicate marks.

All parts of a question should be answered at one place.
Answer all Questions.

Q. Particulars Marks
No.
1. a) What are the different methods for hot metal desiliconization? Explain (1+2)+2+2+3
the effective mode of desiliconization with respect to efficiency.
b) “Extended period of soft jet is effective for dephosphorization”-Justify
the statement.
c) Why in OLP process majority of lime is added in powder form?
d) Explain with suitable diagram the different zones during interaction of
oxygen jet and surrounding during nozzle exit.
2. a) Discuss with suitable diagram how oxygen jet achieves supersonic 2+2+2+2+2
velocity by using convergent-divergent nozzle in converter
steelmaking?
b) What are the different reactions occurring during converter steel
making? Discuss with suitable diagram.
c) “Addition of CaO decreases the viscosity of silicate slag”-Justify the
statement.
d) Oxygen is useful during steel refining, still why deoxidation of steel is
required?
e) Why pipe formation doesn’t occur in rimmed steel?
3. a) Describe the different sources for generation of exogenous inclusions in 2+2+4+2
steel.
b) “All inclusions are not detrimental for steel”-Justify the statement.
c) Explain with suitable diagram how Ca treatment facilitates engineering
of oxide and sulphide inclusions?
d) logP0Ca (atm) = =(-8920/T)-(1.39 × logT)+9.569. Explain from above
equation why Ca injection at steelmaking temperature is challenging for
inclusion modification?

Turn Over
1
4. a) How the ingot removal is made easier from mould during casting? 2+2+(1+2)+3
b) “Slide gate design is effective for teeming of liquid steel from ladle
compared to stopper rod”-Justify the statement.
c) Which mould design is used for casting of killed steel and why?
d) How liquid steel oxidation is prevented during pouring from ladle to
mould and in the mould?
5. a) Why mould tapering and composition of the mould is important for 2+2+2+1+3
successful casting?
b) Describe the importance of tundish during casting of steel.
c) Describe the factors which impact the heat extraction during secondary
cooling of ingot.
d) What is metallurgical length in casting?
e) Consider a conventional 2 strand caster casting slab of cross section
300 mm x 2000 mm at 2 m/min casting speed. Molten steel is poured
from a tundish of 70 tons capacity by submerged entry nozzles in both
the molds of the continuous casting machine. What is the residence time
of liquid steel in tundish? Density of liquid steel as 7 tons/m3. If the
casting speed is increased to 3 m/min. What is the residence time of
liquid steel in tundish?

End of Question Paper