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01 Aldket Reduc
01 Aldket Reduc
or
Aldehydes
are
reduced
to
1o
alcohols
NaBH4 / CH3OH
Ketones
are
reduced
to
2o
alcohols
Mechanism:
O O Li
H
+ Al
H H
H
H C 3 H H 3C
H
H
H Al H
Li
H
H H
Al Li
Li and Al salts
O H O O
H
H
Li Al
4 H 3C OH
H O
H 3C
H
3
more
times
O O
H
Occurs
during
acid
workup
The
reduction
of
an
aldehyde
or
ketone
is
like
another
addition
reaction
to
carbonyls.
Either
reagent,
LiAlH4
or
NaBH4
will
do
the
job.
Use
of
H2
under
high
pressure
in
the
presence
of
a
precious
metal
can
also
provide
a
reduction.
O OH
H2 102 atm / Ni
Because
of
the
harsh
conditions
necessary
to
reduce
the
carbonyl
groups
using
catalytic
hydrogenation
milder
conditions
will
selectively
hydrogenate
alkene
compounds,
e.g.,
H2
/
Pd(C).
O
O
H2 / Pd (C)
Room Temp.