I.L.Os.

:
• Definition
Muscular system • Identify Different types of muscles.
• Detect the characters of the different
types of muscles.
Dr/alsayed

 Definition: It is a group of
contractile fibers responsible for
Types of Muscles
movement and is controlled by
nervous stimuli
A- Cardiac B- Smooth (Visceral) C- Skeletal (Voluntary)

A- Cardiac Muscle
(Site, Characters and Nerve Supply)

Transverse striations
1- Involuntary
B- Smooth muscle
2- Contracts as one unit
(Visceral) (Non-striated) (Involuntary)
3- Specialised to form
Conducting tissue (Site, Characters and Nerve Supply)
4- Straited

5- Large central nuclei

Autonomic nerves 6- In the form of Syncytium

(anastomosing bundles)
Cardiac muscle fibre

Large central nucleus

7- Autonomic nerve
supply
1- In the walls of Viscera 2- In the walls of Blood Vessels

1- Involuntary

2- In viscera contracts in waves

(peristalsis)

3- Constricts blood vessels

(vasoconstriction)

4- Non-Straited, plain and smooth

5- Muscle cells are spindle shaped

6- Form coats in the walls of viscera

7- Autonomic nerve supply

Form coats in the walls of viscera

Form coats in the walls of viscera

 1- Voluntary
C- Voluntary Skeletal muscle 2- Red flesh of our body

(Striated) 3- Attached to skeleton or other structures

(Site, Characters and Nerve and Blood Supply) 4- Many small peripheral nuclei

5- Somatic nerve supply (motor and sensory)

Attachments Parts of skeletal muscles:

of skeletal muscles
1.Fleshy part (muscle belly):
Red fleshy contractile part between the
two ends.
Origin

2. Muscle tendon:
White fibrous non contractile part.
- It may be rounded cord like (tendon)
Insertion or flat sheet (aponeurosis).
 According to SHAPE

a- Triangular b- Spiral c- Cruciate or X-shaped

Types of skeletal muscle

According to Action of Muscles

According to Number of Muscle Bellies

Prime mover
d- A muscle with
a- Biceps b- Triceps c- Quadriceps an intermediate tendon

Antagonist

Fixator
Prime mover
Prime mover

Synergist
  3-Synergists:-
 Muscles eliminate unwanted action in proximal joints while distal joints are
in action
 =EXAMPLE:-
 *Flexion of fingers by long flexors is associated with flexion of wrist joint.
 1-Prime movers:-  *But with action of long extensors , they will eliminate the action of long
 Muscles responsible for initiation of a particular flexors on wrist joint.
movement.
 =EXAMPLE:- Brachialis is the prime mover for flexion  4-Fixators. [stabilizers]:-
of elbow joint.
 Muscles help prime mover by:-
 1)- fixing its origin. OR
 2-Antagonist:-
 Muscles which oppose the action of prime mover.  2)-fixing the joint upon which prime mover acts.
 =EXAMPLE:-Triceps opposes the action of brachialis  =EXAMPLE:- Muscles around shoulder acts as stabilizers to shoulder joint.
during flexion of elbow


Muscles with pennate fibers (pennate = feather 3-Circumpennate:

like) arranged obliquely to the line of pull The fleshy fibers
converge on the
tendon, which is
1-Unipennate: The fibers placed centrally in the
axis of the muscle,
lie on one side of the e.g. Tibialis anterior.
tendon, e.g. Flexor 4-Multipennate: The
pollicis longus. muscle contains
numerous bipennate
2-Bipennate: The fibers unites, which
lie on both sides of the converge on the
tendon of the muscle,
tendon, e.g. Dorsal e.g. Deltoid.
interossei.
 According to number of joints

a- Uni-articular b- Bi-articular c- Multi-articular

 1- Unipennate: The fibers lie on one side of

the tendon, e.g. Flexor pollicis longus.
 2-Bipennate: The fibers lie on both sides of
the tendon, e.g. Dorsal interossei
 3-Circumpennate: The fleshy fibers converge
on the tendon, which is placed centrally in
the axis of the muscle, e.g. Tibialis anterior.
 4-Multipennate: The muscle contains
numerous bipennate unites, which converge
on the tendon of the muscle, e.g. Deltoid.

Origin

Attachments of skeletal muscles

Insertion
 Attached to Skin

Attached by Tendon
Direct Attachment Attached by Apponeurosis Attached by Tendon and Attached to Bone Attached to Ligament
Apponeurosis
Attached to other Muscle

Costal Cartilages

Cartilage
 Cartilage matrix
Cartilage cells Hyaluronic acid (Hyaline cartilage)
(chondrocytes)
Collagenous fibers (Fibrocartilage)

Elastic fibers (Elastic cartilage)

I- Definition and Composition of +

Mucopolysaccharides

Cartilage
Venous capillary

Arterial capillary

1- Hyaline Cartilage

Chondral portions Most of Joints Developmental model

II- Types of Cartilage

 2- Fibrocartilage 3- Elastic Cartilage
External ear Tip of the Nose
Sympheses Intervertebral joints Temporomandibular
disc joint

 Essential Books (Text Books):

 1- Clinically Oriented Anatomy 5th Edition, Keith
L.Moore & Arthur F. Dalley
 2-BRS Gross Anatomy 6th Edition, Kyung Won Chung &
Harold M.Chung.
 3-Gray's Anatomy for Students, 3rd Edition