Test Bank for Principles of Physics A

Calculus-Based Text, 5th Edition

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 5. A pressure of 10.0 mm Hg is measured at the triple-point of water using a constant-volume gas
thermometer. What will the pressure be (in mm Hg) at 50.0C?
a. 68.3
b. 1.80
c. 31.8
d. 11.8
e. 8.50
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

6. A pressure of 10.0 mm Hg is measured using a constant-volume gas thermometer at a temperature of

50.0C. What is the pressure (in mm Hg) at the zero-point temperature?
a. 31.8
b. 11.8
c. 8.45
d. 54.6
e. 68.3
ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average

7. A temperature difference of 5 K is equal to

a. a difference of 9 on the Celsius scale.
b. a difference of 9 on the Fahrenheit scale.
c. a difference of 2.8 on the Rankine scale.
d. a difference of .5 on the Fahrenheit scale.
e. a difference of 2.8 on the Celsius scale.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

8. A thermometer registers a change in temperature of 100F. What change in temperature does this
correspond to on the Kelvin Scale?
a. 453
b. 328
c. 180
d. 55.6
e. 24.5
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

9. Helium condenses into the liquid phase at approximately 4 K. What temperature, in degrees
Fahrenheit, does this correspond to?
a. −182
b. −269
c. −118
d. −452
e. −484
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

10. Two thermometers are calibrated, one in degrees Celsius and the other in degrees Fahrenheit. At what
temperature (in kelvins) do their readings measure the same temperature?
a. 218.15
b. 233.15
c. 273.15
d. 40.15
 e. 0
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

11. A child has a temperature of 104F. What is the temperature in degrees kelvin?
a. 40
b. 406
c. 401
d. 313
e. 349
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

12. At what temperature is the Celsius scale reading equal to twice the Fahrenheit scale reading?
a. −12.3F
b. −24.6F
c. −12.3C
d. −6.1C
e. −20F
ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average

13. A temperature difference of 9.0 Celsius degrees is equal to a Fahrenheit temperature difference of
a. 5.0 Fahrenheit degrees.
b. 9.0 Fahrenheit degrees.
c. 16 Fahrenheit degrees.
d. 37 Fahrenheit degrees.
e. 41 Fahrenheit degrees.
ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average

14. Death Valley in California receives many German tourists. When you convert a summer temperature
reading of 130 F to the Celsius scale they use at home, you find that the Celsius temperature is about
a. 26 C.
b. 54 C.
c. 72 C.
d. 176 C
e. 327 C.
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

15. A student has written the equation below to convert a temperature in degrees Fahrenheit into Kelvins.
What is wrong with this equation?

a.
The factor in front of TF should be .
b.
The numerical factor should multiply (TF − 32).
c. An additional 273.15 Kelvins must be added to the right side of the equation.
d. All the corrections above are required.
e. Only corrections (b) and (c) are required.
 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

16. A constant volume gas thermometer has a pressure of 2.00 atm at 100C. What would its pressure be
at 0C?
a. 0.732 atm
b. 1.46 atm
c. 1.24 atm
d. 1.37 atm
e. More information is needed to find the answer.
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

17. A bridge is made with segments of concrete 50 m long. If the linear expansion coefficient is 12  10−6
(C)−1, how much spacing (in cm) is needed to allow for expansion during an extreme temperature
change of 150 F?
a. 10
b. 2.5
c. 7.5
d. 5.0
e. 9.5
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

18. A building made with a steel structure is 650 m high on a winter day when the temperature is 0 F.
How much taller (in cm) is the building when it is 100 F? (The linear expansion coefficient of steel is
11  10−6 (C)−1.)
a. 71
b. 36
c. 40
d. 46
e. 65
ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average

19. A gallon container is filled with gasoline. How many gallons are lost if the temperature increases by
25F? (The volume expansion of gasoline is 9.6  10−4 (C)−1.) (Neglect the change in volume of the
container.)
a. 2.4  10−2
b. 1.3  10−2
c. 3.6  10−2
d. 4.8  10−2
e. 9.6  10−2
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

20. A beaker is filled to the 500 ml mark with alcohol. What increase in volume (in ml) does the beaker
contain when the temperature changes from 5 C to 30 C? (Neglect the expansion of the beaker,
evaporation of alcohol and absorption of water vapor by alcohol.) alcohol = 1.12  10−4/C
a. 0.47
b. 0.93
c. 1.4
d. 1.7
e. 2.5
 ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average

21. What is the change in area (in cm2) of a 60.0 cm by 150 cm automobile windshield when the
temperature changes from 0 C to 36.0 C. The coefficient of linear expansion of this glass is 9.0 
10−6/C.
a. 1.6
b. 2.9
c. 3.2
d. 4.9
e. 5.8
ANS: E PTS: 2 DIF: Average

22. Angela claims that she wears a cylindrical-shaped hollow gold bracelet because it expands less than a
solid one with a change in temperature. Clarissa claims that a cylindrical-shaped solid gold bracelet
expands less than a hollow one. Which one, if either, is correct?
a. Angela, because the bracelet expands outward on its outer surface and inward on its inner
surface.
b. Clarissa, because the bracelet expands outward on its outer surface and inward on its inner
surface.
c. Angela, because the inner circumference does not change, but the outer circumference
expands.
d. Clarissa, because the inner circumference does not change, but the outer circumference
expands.
e. Neither, because both the inner and outer circumferences increase in length.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

23. When the coefficient of linear expansion, , and the temperature change, Tf − Ti, are large, a length Li
of a solid substance expands in length to
a. Lf = Li(Tf – Ti).
b. Lf = Li[1 + (Tf – Ti)].
c. Lf = Li[1 + ln((Tf – Ti))].
d.
.
e.
.

ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging

24. A square plate has an area of 29.00 cm2 at 20.0C. It will be used in a low temperature experiment at T
= 10.0K where it must have an area of 28.00 cm2. What area must be removed form the plate at 20.0C
for it to have the correct area at 10.0 K? (The coefficient of linear expansion is 10  10−6 (C)−1.)
a. 0.079 3 cm2
b. 0.159 cm2
c. 0.238 cm2
d. 0.841 cm2
e. 0.921 cm2
ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging

25. At which of the following temperatures would one liter of water weigh the most?
a. 2C
b. 4C
 c. 8C
d. 90C
e. It would weigh the same at all these temperatures.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

26. An auditorium has dimensions 10 m  10 m  60 m. How many moles of air fill this volume at one
atmosphere and 0C?
a. 2.7  102
b. 2.7  104
c. 2.7  103
d. 2.7  105
e. 2.7  106
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

27. An auditorium has a volume of 6  103 m3. How many molecules of air are needed to fill the
auditorium at one atmosphere and 0C?
a. 1.6  1029
b. 1.6  1027
c. 1.6  1025
d. 1.6  1023
e. 1.6  1020
ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average

28. One mole of an ideal gas is held at a constant pressure of 1 atm. Find the change in volume (in liters) if
the temperature changes by 50C.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

29. One mole of an ideal gas is held at a constant volume of 1 liter. Find the change in pressure if the
temperature increases by 50C.
a. 3 atm
b. 4 atm
c. 2 atm
d. 1 atm
e. 5 atm
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

30. One mole of an ideal gas has a temperature of 25C. If the volume is held constant and the pressure is
doubled, the final temperature (in C) will be
a. 174
b. 596
c. 50
d. 323
e. 25
 ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

31. A bicycle pump contains air at one atmosphere and 0C. As the tire is pumped up, the volume of air
decreases by 50% with each stroke. What is the new pressure of air (in atm) in the chamber after the
first stroke, assuming no temperature change?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 0.5
d. 0.1
e. 3
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

32. A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 1 m3. As it rises in the earth's atmosphere, its volume expands.
What will its new volume be (in m3) if its original temperature and pressure are 20C and 1 atm, and
its final temperature and pressure are −40C and 0.1 atm?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
e. 1.5
ANS: C PTS: 2 DIF: Average

33. A bubble having a diameter of 1.00 cm is released from the bottom of a swimming pool where the
depth is 5.00 m. What will the diameter of the bubble be when it reaches the surface? The temperature
of the water at the surface is 20.0C, whereas it is 15.0C at the bottom. (The density of water is 1.00 
103 kg/m3.)
a. 1.05 cm
b. 1.15 cm
c. 1.45 cm
d. 1.65 cm
e. 1.35 cm
ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging

34. A scuba diver has his lungs filled to half capacity (3 liters) when 10 m below the surface. If the diver
holds his breath while quietly rising to the surface, what will the volume of the lungs be (in liters) at
the surface? Assume the temperature is the same at all depths. (The density of water is 1.0  103
kg/m3.)
a. 5.9
b. 4.5
c. 6.4
d. 3.9
e. 3.1
ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average

35. Two identical containers, A and B, hold equal amounts of the same ideal gas at the same Po, Vo and To.
The pressure of A then decreases by a half while its volume doubles; the pressure of B doubles while
its volume decreases by a half. Which statement correctly describes the temperatures of the gases after
the changes?
a. TA = 0.5TB = To.
b. TB = 0.5TA = To.
c. TB = TA = To.
 d. TA = 2TB = To.
e. TB = 2TA = To.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

36. A container with a one-liter capacity at 27 C is filled with helium to a pressure of 2.0 atm. (1 atm =
1.0  105 N/m2.) How many moles of helium does it hold?
a. 0.041
b. 0.081
c. 0.45
d. 0.90
e. 1.0
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

37. Two moles of an ideal gas are placed in a container of adjustable volume. When measurements are
made
a. the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume at constant temperature.
b. the temperature is directly proportional to the volume at constant pressure.
c. the temperature is directly proportional to the pressure at constant volume.
d. all the statements above are found to be correct.
e. only statements (a) and (b) are found to be correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

38. Equal volumes of hydrogen and helium gas are at the same pressure. The atomic mass of helium is
four times that of hydrogen. If the total mass of both gases is the same, the ratio of the temperature of
helium (He) to that of hydrogen (H2) is
a.
.
b.
.
c. 1.
d. 2.
e. 4.
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

39. Equal masses of hydrogen and helium gas are at the same temperature in vessels of equal volume. The
atomic mass of helium is four times that of hydrogen. If the total mass of both gases is the same, the
ratio of the pressure of helium (He) to that of hydrogen (H2) is
a.
.
b.
.
c. 1.
d. 2.
e. 4.
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

40. 48 grams of oxygen at room temperature consists of how many moles?

a. 3.0
b. 1.5
c. 0.75
 d. more than 3.0
e. less than 0.75
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

41. The mass of a sulfur atom is 32.0 u, and the mass of a fluorine atom is 19.0 u. What is the mass of a
mole of sulfur hexafluoride (UF6)?
a. 41.0 g
b. 20.5 g
c. 106 g
d. 146 g
e. 211 g
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

42. A container having a volume of 1.0 m3 holds 5.0 moles of helium gas at 50C. If the helium behaves
like an ideal gas, the total energy of the system is
a. 2.0  104 J.
b. 2.5  104 J.
c. 1.7  103 J.
d. 1.5  103 J.
e. 4.0  104 J.
ANS: A PTS: 2 DIF: Average

43. A container having a volume of 1.0 m3 holds 5.0 moles of helium gas at 50C. If the helium behaves
like an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy per molecule is
a. 6.7  10−20 J.
b. 1.0  10−21 J.
c. 1.0  10−20 J.
d. 6.7  10−21 J.
e. 1.3  10−20 J.
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

44. The temperature of a quantity of an ideal gas is

a. one measure of its ability to transfer thermal energy to another body.
b. proportional to the average molecular kinetic energy of the molecules.
c. proportional to the internal energy of the gas.
d. correctly described by all the statements above.
e. correctly described only by (a) and (b) above.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

45. One mole of hydrogen, one mole of nitrogen and one mole of oxygen are held in a 22.4  103 cm3
enclosed vessel at 20C. The pressure in the vessel, in N/m2, is
a. 109.
b. 304.
c. 326.
d. 1.09  105.
e. 3.26  105.
ANS: E PTS: 2 DIF: Average

46. The average kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule at room temperature (20C) is
 a. 2  10−21 J.
b. 4  10−21 J.
c. 6  10−21 J.
d. 8  10−21 J.
e. 1  10−20 J.
ANS: E PTS: 2 DIF: Average

47. The average translational speed of a nitrogen molecule at room temperature (20C) is approximately
(in m/s)
a. 100.
b. 500.
c. 300.
d. 700.
e. 200.
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

48. The average molecular translational kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas is
a.
kBT.
b.
RT.
c.
kBT.
d.
RT.
e.
kBT, where n = number of internal degrees of freedom.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

49. Which statement below is NOT an assumption made in the molecular model of an ideal gas?
a. The average separation between molecules is large compared with the dimensions of the
molecules.
b. The molecules undergo inelastic collisions with one another.
c. The forces between molecules are short range.
d. The molecules obey Newton's laws of motion.
e. Any molecule can move in any direction with equal probability.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

50. The root mean square speed of a gas molecule is greater than the average speed, because the former
gives a greater weight to
a. lighter molecules.
b. heavier molecules.
c. lower speeds.
d. higher speeds.
e. more probable speeds.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

51. If the rms speed of helium atoms is vrms,He at temperature T, what is the rms speed of CO2 at the same
temperature?
 a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

52. Five gas molecules are found to have speeds of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m/s. The rms speed (in
m/s) is
a. 390.
b. 300.
c. 360.
d. 330.
e. 320.
ANS: D PTS: 2 DIF: Average

53. When we consider a thin horizontal layer of the atmosphere, of thickness dy, of area A, with pressure P
on the bottom, with an average mass m per molecule, and nV molecules per unit volume, the magnitude
of the difference of the pressure at the top and bottom of the layer is given by dP =
a. mgdy.
b. mgnVdy.
c. mgAdy.
d. mgnVAdy.
e. mgnVAPdy.
ANS: B PTS: 2 DIF: Average

PROBLEM

54. At what Fahrenheit temperature are the Kelvin and Fahrenheit temperatures numerically equal?

ANS:
574.6F = 574.6 K

PTS: 2 DIF: Average

55. A gold ring has an inner diameter of 2.168 cm at a temperature of 15.0C. Determine its diameter at
100.0C. (GOLD = 1.42  10−5/C)

ANS:
2.171 cm

PTS: 2 DIF: Average

56. Determine the change in length of a 20-m railroad track made of steel if the temperature is changed
from −15C to +35C. (STEEL = 1.1  10−5/C)

ANS:
1.1 cm
 PTS: 2 DIF: Average

57. Suppose the ends of a 30-m long steel beam are rigidly clamped at 0C to prevent expansion. The
beam has a cross-sectional area of 30 cm2. What force against the clamps does the beam exert when it
is heated to 40C? (Steel = 1.1  10−5/C, Ysteel = 20  1010 N/m2).

ANS:
2.6  105 N

PTS: 3 DIF: Challenging

58. The pressure of a substance is directly proportional to its volume when the temperature is held
constant and inversely proportional to its temperature when the volume is held constant. Is this
substance an ideal gas? Explain why your answer is correct.

ANS:
No. Since P = kV and P = k'/T for fixed temperature and volume, the substance obeys the law:

which is different from the relation for an ideal gas.

PTS: 2 DIF: Average

59. A 50-gram sample of dry ice (solid CO2) is placed in a 4-liter container. The system is sealed and
allowed to reach room temperature (20C). By approximately how much does the pressure inside the
container increase when the dry ice turns to gas? (Ignore the initial volume of the sample.)

ANS:
the pressure increases by about 7 atm

PTS: 2 DIF: Average

60. During the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pelee in 1902, an incredibly hot "burning cloud" rolled down the
mountain and incinerated the town of Saint-Pierre. From the damage done, the temperature in the
cloud was estimated at 700C. If the air temperature was 20C and a mole of air is 29 grams, estimate
the molecular weight of the gas in the "burning cloud" that made it heavier than the surrounding air.
(As a follow-on, estimate the most probable composition of the cloud. Some typical volcanic gases are
H2S, SO2, H2SO4, CO2, NO.)

ANS:
96, H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

PTS: 2 DIF: Average

61. According to kinetic theory, a typical gas molecule in thermal equilibrium at room temperature has a
kinetic energy K = 6.00  10−21 J, regardless of mass. Estimate the speed at room temperature of a
hydrogen molecule H2 (m = 3.34  10−27 kg) and a xenon atom (m = 2.00  10−25 kg). [kB = 1.38 
10−23 J/K]

ANS:
1 895 m/s, 245 m/s

PTS: 2 DIF: Average