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1 - Intro Opath
1 - Intro Opath
1 - Intro Opath
3rd most common cause of death = Terminologies are followed by its origin,
MALIGNANT NEOPLASM (2009) pattern, or architecture.
o Adenoma - derived from glands.
NEOPLASIA o Papillomas - micro/macroscopically
New growth visible fingerlike or warty projections
Abnormal mass due cessation of stimuli. (cauliflower like) from epithelial
Disorder of cell growth that is triggered surfaces.
by series of acquired mutations affecting o Cystadenomas - forms large cystic
a single cell and its clonal progeny. masses.
o Polyp - macroscopically projection
ONCOLOGY above a mucosal surface.
Study of tumors / neoplasms.
Known as cancer.
Borders are ill-defined and tumor itself is
infiltrative infiltrate or invade and destroy
adjacent structures then metastasize through
the blood vessels, lymphatics, body cavities.
Characterized by widespread differentiation
(from poor to well-defined)
"Psuedoencapsulated"
HAMARTOMAS
Disorganized but are benign masses Anaplastic tumor showing cellular and
composed of same tissues. nuclear variation in size and shape. The
prominent cell in the cell field has an
abnormal tripolar spindle.
Malignant cells usually have spindle cells.
CHORISTOMA
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Heterotopic rest cells
Pleomorphic tumor of skeletal
Normal pancreatic tissue found in muscle
submucosa of stomach, duodenum, or Disproportionately large nuclei
small intestine. Abnormal nuclear morphology
o Morphology 1:1
o Disproportion Tumor cells breach the basement
Abnormal mitoses membrane.
o High proliferative activity of
parenchymal cells. METASTASIS
Spread of a tumor to sites that are
physically discontinuous with the
primary tumor.
Marks a tumor as malignant.
PATHWAYS OF SPREAD
Direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces
Lymphatic spread - most common pathway
Hematogenous spread
Loss of polarity
o Markedly disturbed orientation of
anaplastic cells from basal cell layer
to superficial layer
METAPLASIA
Replacement of one type of cell with
another type in association with tissue
damage, repair, regeneration.
LAB DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER
Excisional biopsy
Incisional biopsy
For large test
Fine-needle aspiration
18-gauge needle
To check if there is any fluid.
Cytologic smears
DYSPLASIA
"Disordered growth"
Exhibits pleomorphism.
Contain large hyperchromatic nuclei.
May be precursor to malignant
transformation, but does not always
progress to CA.
CARCINOMA IN SITU
Pre-invasive neoplasm
Dysplastic changes are marked and
involve the full thickness of epithelium
but does not penetrate the basement
membrane.
INVASIVE CARCINOMA
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