TALLER ANALISIS [301 marks]

1a. Show that (2n − 1)2 + (2n + 1)2 = 8n2 + 2, where n ∈ Z. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to expand the LHS (M1)
LHS = (4n2 − 4n + 1) + (4n2 + 4n + 1) A1

= 8n2 + 2 (= RHS) AG
[2 marks]
1b. Hence, or otherwise, prove that the sum of the squares of any two [3 marks]
consecutive odd integers is even.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognition that 2n − 1 and 2n + 1 represent two consecutive odd integers
(for n ∈ Z) R1
8n2 + 2 = 2 (4n2 + 1) A1
valid reason eg divisible by 2 (2 is a factor) R1
so the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is even AG

METHOD 2
recognition, eg that n and n + 2 represent two consecutive odd integers (for
n ∈ Z) R1
n2 + (n + 2)2 = 2 (n2 + 2n + 2) A1
valid reason eg divisible by 2 (2 is a factor) R1
so the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is even AG
[3 marks]
 On 1st January 2020, Laurie invests $ P in an account that pays a nominal annual
interest rate of 5.5 %, compounded quarterly.
The amount of money in Laurie’s account at the end of each year follows a
geometric sequence with common ratio, r.

2a. Find the value of r, giving your answer to four significant figures. [3 marks]

Markscheme
5.5 4
(1 + 4×100
) (M1)(A1)
1.056 A1
[3 marks]
2b. Laurie makes no further deposits to or withdrawals from the account. [3 marks]
Find the year in which the amount of money in Laurie’s account will become
double the amount she invested.
Markscheme
EITHER
5.5 4n
2P = P × (1 + 100×4
) OR 2P = P × (their (a))m (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into loan payment formula. Award (A1) for
correct substitution.
OR
PV = ±1
FV = ∓ 1
I% = 5.5
P/Y = 4
C/Y = 4
n = 50.756… (M1)(A1)
OR
PV = ±1
FV = ∓ 2
I% = 100(their (a) − 1)
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (M1)(A1)
THEN
⇒ 12.7 years
Laurie will have double the amount she invested during 2032 A1

[3 marks]

2 ln = ln 9 + 4
3. Solve the equation 2 ln x = ln 9 + 4. Give your answer in the form [5 marks]
x = peq where p, q ∈ Z+ .
Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
METHOD 1
2 ln x− ln 9 = 4
uses m ln x = ln xm (M1)
ln x2 − ln 9 = 4
uses ln a− ln b = ln a (M1)
b
x2
ln 9
=4
x2
9
= e4 A1
x2 = 9e4 ⇒ x = √9e4 (x > 0) A1
x = 3e2 (p = 3, q = 2) A1
METHOD 2
expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses ln xm = m ln x (M1)
2 ln x = 2 ln 3 + 4 ln e(ln x = ln 3 + 2 ln e) A1
uses 2 ln e = ln e2 and ln a + ln b = ln ab (M1)
ln x = ln (3e2 ) A1
x = 3e2 (p = 3, q = 2) A1
METHOD 3
expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses m ln x = ln xm (M1)
ln x2 = ln 32 + ln e4 A1
uses ln a + ln b = ln ab (M1)
ln x2 = ln (32 e4 )
x2 = 32 e4 ⇒ x = √32 e4 (x > 0) A1
so x = 3e2 (x > 0)(p = 3, q = 2) A1
[5 marks]

4 4 +1
4a. Explain why any integer can be written in the form 4k or 4k + 1 or [2 marks]
4k + 2 or 4k + 3, where k ∈ Z.

Markscheme
Upon division by 4 M1
any integer leaves a remainder of 0, 1, 2 or 3. R1
Hence, any integer can be written in the form 4k or 4k + 1 or 4k + 2 or 4k + 3
, where k ∈ Z AG
[2 marks]

4
4b. Hence prove that the square of any integer can be written in the form 4t [6 marks]
or 4t + 1, where t ∈ Z+ .
 Markscheme
(4k)2 = 16k2 = 4t M1A1

(4k + 1)2 = 16k2 + 8k + 1 = 4t + 1 M1A1

(4k + 2)2 = 16k2 + 16k + 4 = 4t A1

(4k + 3)2 = 16k2 + 24k + 9 = 4t + 1 A1

Hence, the square of any integer can be written in the form 4t or 4t + 1,
where t ∈ Z+ . AG
[6 marks]

Let a be a constant, where a > 1.

5a. 2 2 [3 marks]
( a −1
2 ) ( 2 ) .
2
a2+1
Show that a 2 + =
Markscheme
Note: Award a maximum of M1A0A0 if the candidate manipulates both sides
of the equation (such as moving terms from one side to the other).

METHOD 1 (working with LHS)

2
attempting to expand (a2 − 1) (do not accept a 4 + 1 or a4 − 1)
(M1)
a4−2a2+1 4a2+a4−2a2+1
LHS = a2 + 4
or 4
A1
a4+2a2+1
= 4
A1
2
= ( 2 )
a2+1
(= RHS) AG

Note: Do not award the final A1 if further working contradicts the AG .

METHOD 2 (working with RHS)

2
attempting to expand (a2 + 1) (M1)
a4+2a2+1
RHS = 4
4a2+a4−2a2+1
= 4
A1
a4−2a2+1
= a2 + 4
A1
2
( a −1 )
2
= a2 + 2 (= LHS) AG

Note: Do not award the final A1 if further working contradicts the AG .

[3 marks]

( ) ( )
 ( a −1
2 ) and ( 2 ).
2 2
a +1
Consider a right-angled triangle with sides of length a,

5b. Find an expression for the area of the triangle in terms of a . [2 marks]

Markscheme
( a −1
2 ) (may be seen in diagram)
2
recognise base and height as a and
(M1)
correct substitution into triangle area formula A1

2 ) (or equivalent) (=
= a2 ( a −1 )
2 a ( a2−1 ) a3−a
Area 4
= 4

[2 marks]
 Calculate the value of each of the following logarithms:

6a. 1 [2 marks]
log2 16
.

Markscheme
valid approach to find the required logarithm (M1)
1
2x = 16
OR 2x = 2−4 OR 1
16
= 2−4 OR log2 1 − log2 16
1
log2 16 = −4 A1

[2 marks]

log 3
6b. log9 3. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to find the required logarithm (M1)
1 log3 3
9x = 3 OR 32x = 3 OR 3 = 9 2 OR log3 9
1
log9 3 = 2 A1

[2 marks]

log 81
6c. log√3 81. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(√3) = 81 OR
x log3 81
(A1)
log3 √3
x
(3) 2 = 34 OR x
2 = 4 OR 4
1 (A1)
2

x=8 A1

[3 marks]

log =3 , ∈ R+ , ≠1
 It is given that log ab a = 3, where a, b ∈ R+ , ab ≠ 1.

6d. Show that log ab b = −2. [4 marks]

Markscheme
Note: There are many valid approaches to the question, and the steps may be
seen in different ways. Some possible methods are given here, but candidates
may use a combination of one or more of these methods.

In all methods, the final A mark is awarded for working which leads directly to
the AG .

METHOD 1

(ab)3 = a (A1)
attempt to isolate b or a power of b (M1)
 b b
correct working (A1)
b= a
a3b2
OR b3 = a−2 OR b−1 = (ab)2 OR b3 = 1
a2

b = a21b2 OR b = (ab)−2 OR 3 logab b = −2 logab a OR

− logab b = 2 logab ab A1
logab b = −2 AG

METHOD 2

(ab)3 = a (A1)
taking logarithm to base ab on both sides (M1)
logab (ab)3 = logab a OR logab a3 b3 = logab a
correct application of log rules leading to equation in terms of log ab
(A1)
3 logab a + 3 logab b = logab a OR 3 logab b = −2 logab a OR
logab b3 = logab a−2
2
logab b = logab a− 3 OR logab b = − 23 logab a OR logab b = − 23 (3)
A1
logab b = −2 AG

Note: Candidates may substitute log ab a = 3 at any point in their working.

METHOD 3
logab a = 3
writing in terms of base a (M1)
loga a
loga ab
(= 3)
correct application of log rules (A1)
loga a 1
loga a+loga b
(= 3) OR 1+loga b
(= 3) OR 3 loga b = −2 OR loga b = − 23
writing logab b in terms of base a (A1)
loga b
logab b = loga a+loga b
correct working A1
(− )
2 2
−
logab b = 3
OR 3

( )
2 1
1−
3 3

logab b = −2 AG
 METHOD 4
logab ab = 1 A2
logab a + logab b = 1 (A1)
3 + logab b = 1 A1
logab b = −2 AG

[4 marks]

3 a
6e. √ [4 marks]
Hence find the value of log ab .
√b
Markscheme
applying the quotient rule or product rule for logs
3 a 3 a
√ √ 1
logab = logab √a − logab √b OR logab
3 = logab √
3 a + log
ab
√b √b √b
(A1)
correct working (A1)
= 13 logab a − 12 logab b OR logab ab − logab √b
1
= 3
⋅ 3 − 12 (−2) (A1)
=2 A1

Note: Award A1A0A0A1 for a correct answer with no working.

[4 marks]

50 86. 4
7. geometric sequence has a first term of 50 and a fourth term of 86. 4. [5 marks]
The sum of the first n terms of the sequence is Sn .
Find the smallest value of n such that Sn > 33 500.
Markscheme
86. 4 = 50r3 (A1)

r = 1. 2(= √
3 86.4
50
) seen anywhere (A1)

50 ( 1.2n−1 )
0.2
> 33500 OR 250(1. 2n − 1)= 33500 (A1)
attempt to solve their geometric Sn inequality or equation (M1)
sketch OR n > 26. 9045, n = 26. 9 OR S26 = 28368. 8 OR S27 = 34092. 6
OR algebraic manipulation involving logarithms
n = 27 accept n ≥ 27 A1

[5 marks]

9
8. ( ax+1 ) 9 [6 marks]
Consider the expansion of
21x2
, where a ≠ 0. The coefficient of the
term in x4 is 87 a 5 .

Find the value of a .

Markscheme
Note: Do not award any marks if there is clear evidence of adding instead of
9
multiplying, for example Cr + (ax)9−r + (1)r .

valid approach for expansion (must be the product of a binomial coefficient

with n = 9 and a power of ax) (M1)
9 9
Cr (ax)9−r (1)r OR C9−r (ax)r (1)9−r OR
9 9
C0 (ax)0 (1)9 + C1 (ax)1 (1)8 + …
recognizing that the term in x6 is needed (M1)
Term in x6
21x2
= kx4 OR r = 6 OR r = 3 OR 9 − r = 6
correct term or coefficient in binomial expansion (seen anywhere)
(A1)
9 9
C6 (ax)6 (1)3 OR C3 a6 x6 OR 84(a6 x6 )(1) OR 84a6

EITHER
correct term in x4 or coefficient (may be seen in equation) (A1)
9
C6 6 4
21 a x OR 4a6 x4 OR 4a6
Set their term in x4 or coefficient of x4 equal to 87 a 5 x4 or 87 a 5 (do not accept
other powers of x) (M1)
9
C3 6 4
21 a x = 87 a5 x4 OR 4a6 = 87 a5

OR
correct term in x6 or coefficient of x6 (may be seen in equation)
(A1)
84a6 x6 OR 84a6
set their term in x6 or coefficient of x6 equal to 24a 5 x6 or 24a 5 (do not accept
other powers of x) (M1)
84a6 x6 = 24a5 x6 OR 84a = 24

THEN
2
a= 7
≈ 0. 286 (0. 285714 …) A1

2
 2
Note: Award A0 for the final mark for a = 7
and a = 0.

[6 marks]

The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is given by un = 15 − 3n.

9a. State the value of the first term, u1 . [1 mark]

Markscheme
u1 = 12 A1

[1 mark]

9b. Given that the nth term of this sequence is −33, find the value of n. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
15 − 3n = −33 (A1)
n = 16 A1

[2 marks]

9c. Find the common difference, d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to find d (M1)
u2 − u1 = 9 − 12 OR recognize gradient is −3 OR attempts to solve
−33 = 12 + 15d
d = −3 A1

[2 marks]

−1 +1
 Consider any three consecutive integers, n − 1, n and n + 1.

10a. Prove that the sum of these three integers is always divisible by 3. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(n − 1)+n +(n + 1) (A1)
= 3n A1
which is always divisible by 3 AG

[2 marks]
10b. Prove that the sum of the squares of these three integers is never [4 marks]
divisible by 3.

Markscheme
(n − 1)2 + n2 + (n + 1)2 (= n2 − 2n + 1 + n2 + n2 + 2n + 1) A1

attempts to expand either (n − 1)2 or (n + 1)2 (do not accept n2 − 1 or

n2 + 1) (M1)
= 3n2 + 2 A1
2
demonstrating recognition that 2 is not divisible by 3 or 3
seen after correct
expression divided by 3 R1

3n2 is divisible by 3 and so 3n2 + 2 is never divisible by 3

OR the first term is divisible by 3, the second is not
3n2+2
OR 3(n2 + 23 ) OR 3
= n2 + 2
3
hence the sum of the squares is never divisible by 3 AG

[4 marks]

1
Consider the functions f(x)=
x−4
+ 1, for x ≠ 4, and g(x)= x − 3 for x ∈ R.
The following diagram shows the graphs of f and g.
 The graphs of f and g intersect at points A and B. The coordinates of A are
(3, 0).

11a. Find the coordinates of B. [5 marks]

 Markscheme
1
x−4
+1 = x−3 (M1)

x2 − 8x + 15 = 0 OR (x − 4)2 = 1 (A1)
valid attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)
8±√82−4 ( 1 ) ( 15 )
(x − 3)(x − 5)= 0 OR x = 2(1)
OR (x − 4)= ±1
x = 5 (x = 3, x = 5) (may be seen in answer) A1
B(5, 2) (accept x = 5, y = 2) A1

[5 marks]

In the following diagram, the shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the
graph of g , the x-axis, and the line x = k, where k ∈ Z.

The area of the shaded region can be written as ln(p) + 8, where p ∈ Z.

11b. Find the value of k and the value of p. [10 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing two correct regions from x = 3 to x = 5 and from x = 5 to x = k
(R1)
k 5 k
∫ ∫ ∫
triangle + 5 f(x)d x OR 3 g(x)d x + 5 f(x)d x OR
5 k
∫ ∫
3 (x − 3)d x + 5 ( x−4
1
+ 1)d x

( 52 − 3(5))−( 32 − 3(3))
2 2
2⋅ 2
area of triangle is 2 OR 2 OR (A1)

correct integration (A1)(A1)

1
∫( x−4 + 1)d x = ln(x − 4)+x (+C)

Note: Award A1 for ln(x − 4) and A1 for x.

Note: The first three A marks may be awarded independently of the R mark.

substitution of their limits (for x) into their integrated function (in terms of x)
(M1)
ln(k − 4)+k −(ln 1 + 5)
[ln(x − 4)+x]k5 = ln(k − 4)+k − 5 A1
adding their two areas (in terms of k) and equating to ln p+8 (M1)
2 + ln(k − 4)+k − 5 = ln p + 8
equating their non-log terms to 8 (equation must be in terms of k) (M1)
k−3 = 8
k = 11 A1
11 − 4 = p
p=7 A1

[10 marks]
 In this question, give all answers correct to two decimal places.
Sam invests $1700 in a savings account that pays a nominal annual rate of
interest of 2. 74%, compounded half-yearly. Sam makes no further payments to,
or withdrawals from, this account.

12a. Find the amount that Sam will have in his account after 10 years. [3 marks]
Markscheme
Note: The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places, the final A1
in that part is not awarded.

EITHER
N = 10 OR N = 20
I% = 2. 74 I% = 2. 74
P V =(∓)1700 P V =(∓)1700
P /Y = 1 P /Y = 2
C/Y = 2 C/Y = 2 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology
with at least two entries seen, and award (A1) for all entries correct. Accept
a positive or negative value for P V .

OR
0.0274 2×10
1700(1 + 2 ) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into compound interest formula.

Award (A1) for correct substitution.

THEN
$2231. 71 A1

[3 marks]

$1700
 David also invests $1700 in a savings account that pays an annual rate of interest
of r% , compounded yearly. David makes no further payments or withdrawals from
this account.

12b. Find the value of r required so that the amount in David’s account after [2 marks]
10 years will be equal to the amount in Sam’s account.
 Markscheme
Note: The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places, the final A1
in that part is not awarded.

EITHER
N = 10
P V = ∓1700
F V = ±2231. 71 …
P /Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology
with at least two entries seen.

OR

1700(1 + r )10 = 2231. 71 … (M1)

100

THEN
r = 2. 75876 …
r = 2. 76 A1

Note: Ignore omission of opposite signs for P V and F V if r = 2. 76 is

obtained.

[2 marks]

12c. Find the interest David will earn over the 10 years. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
Note: The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places, the final A1
in that part is not awarded.

$531. 71 A1

[1 mark]

Gemma and Kaia started working for different companies on January 1st 2011.
Gemma’s starting annual salary was $45 000, and her annual salary increases 2%
on January 1st each year after 2011.

13a. Find Gemma’s annual salary for the year 2021, to the nearest dollar. [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
using geometric sequence with r = 1. 02 (M1)
correct expression or listing terms correctly (A1)
45000 × 1. 0210 OR 45000 × 1. 0211−1 OR listing terms
Gemma’s salary is $54855 (must be to the nearest dollar) A1

METHOD 2
N = 10
PV = ∓45000
I% = 2
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1
F V = ±54854. 7489 … (M1)(A1)
Gemma’s salary is $54855 (must be to the nearest dollar) A1

[3 marks]
 Kaia’s annual salary is based on a yearly performance review. Her salary for the
years 2011, 2013, 2014, 2018, and 2022 is shown in the following table.

13b. Assuming Kaia’s annual salary can be approximately modelled by [3 marks]

the equation S = ax + b, show that Kaia had a higher salary than
Gemma in the year 2021, according to the model.

Markscheme
finds a = 1096. 89 … and b = −2160753. 8 … (accept b = −2. 16 × 106 )
(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1)(A1) forS = 1096. 89 … x + 33028. 49 …, or

S = 1096. 89 … x + 43997. 4 …, or S = 1096. 89 … x + 45094. 3 …

Kaia’s salary in 2021 is $56063. 21 (accept $56817. 09 from b = −2. 16 × 106

) A1
Kaia had a higher salary than Gemma in 2021 AG

[3 marks]

2 2−5 −3
14a. Show that 6 2x2−5x−3 [2 marks]
2x − 3 − x−1
= x−1
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 1.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to write all LHS terms with a common denominator of x−1
(M1)
6 2x ( x−1 ) −3 ( x−1 ) −6 ( 2x−3 ) ( x−1 ) 6
2x − 3 − x−1
= x−1
OR
x−1
− x−1
2x2−2x−3x+3−6 2x2−5x+3 6
= x−1
OR
x−1
− x −1
A1
2x2−5x−3
= x−1
AG

METHOD 2
attempt to use algebraic division on RHS (M1)
correctly obtains quotient of 2x − 3 and remainder −6 A1
6
= 2x − 3 − x −1
as required. AG

[2 marks]

6
14b. Hence or otherwise, solve the equation 6 [5 marks]
2 sin 2θ − 3 − sin2θ −1
=0
π
for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, θ ≠ 4
.
Markscheme
2sin2 2θ −5sin2θ −3
consider the equation sin2θ −1
=0 (M1)

⇒ 2 sin2 2θ − 5 sin 2θ − 3 = 0

EITHER
attempt to factorise in the form (2 sin 2θ + a)(sin 2θ + b) (M1)

Note: Accept any variable in place of sin 2θ.

(2 sin 2θ + 1)(sin 2θ − 3)= 0

OR
attempt to substitute into quadratic formula (M1)
5±√49
sin 2θ = 4

THEN
sin 2θ = − 12 or sin 2θ = 3 (A1)

Note: Award A1 for sin 2θ = − 12 only.

one of 76π OR 116π (accept 210 or 330) (A1)

7π 11π
θ= 12 , 12 (must be in radians) A1

Note: Award A0 if additional answers given.

[5 marks]

n
 n
Σ r
The sum of the first n terms of a geometric sequence is given by Sn = r=1 23 ( 78 ) .

15a. Find the first term of the sequence, u1 . [2 marks]

Markscheme
2 7
u1 = S1 = 3
× 8
(M1)
14 7
= 24
(= 12 = 0. 583333 …) A1

[2 marks]
15b. Find S∞ . [3 marks]

Markscheme
r = 78 (= 0. 875) (A1)
u1
substituting their values for u1 and r into S∞ = 1−r
(M1)
14
= 3
(= 4. 66666 …) A1

[3 marks]

− < 0. 001
15c. Find the least value of n such that S∞ − Sn < 0. 001. [4 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to substitute their values into the inequality or formula for Sn
(M1)
n
( 1− ( ) )
7 7 n

14
Σ r
− r=1 2 ( 7 ) < 0. 001 OR Sn = 12 8

( 1− )
3 3 8 7

attempt to solve their inequality using a table, graph or logarithms

(must be exponential) (M1)

Note: Award (M0) if the candidate attempts to solve S∞ − un < 0. 001.

correct critical value or at least one correct crossover value (A1)

63. 2675 … OR S∞ − S63 = 0. 001036 … OR S∞ − S64 = 0. 000906 …
OR S∞ − S63 − 0. 001 = 0. 0000363683 … OR
S∞ − S64 − 0. 001 = 0. 0000931777 …
least value is n = 64 A1

[4 marks]

4
 The diameter of a spherical planet is 6 × 104 km.

16a. Write down the radius of the planet. [1 mark]

Markscheme
3 × 104 OR 30000 (km) (accept 3 ∙ 104 ) A1
[1 mark]

16b. The volume of the planet can be expressed in the form [3 marks]
π(a × 10k ) km where 1 ≤ a < 10 and k ∈ Z.
3

Find the value of a and the value of k.

 Markscheme
4 4 3 4 3
3
π(3 × 10 ) OR 3
π(30000) (A1)

= 43 π × 27 × 1012 (= π(36 × 1012 )) OR = 43 π × 27000000000000 (A1)

= π(36 × 1013 )(km3 ) OR a = 3. 6, k = 13 A1

[3 marks]

17. Consider an arithmetic sequence where u8 = S8 = 8. Find the value of [5 marks]

the first term, u1 , and the value of the common difference, d.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1 (finding u1 first, from S8 )
4(u1 + 8)= 8 (A1)
u1 = −6 A1
u1 + 7d = 8 OR 4(2u1 + 7d)= 8 (may be seen with their value of u1 ) (A1)
attempt to substitute their u1 (M1)
d = 2 A1
METHOD 2 (solving simultaneously)
u1 + 7d = 8 (A1)
4(u1 + 8)= 8 OR 4(2u1 + 7d)= 8 OR u1 = −3d (A1)
attempt to solve linear or simultaneous equations (M1)
u1 = −6, d = 2 A1A1
[5 marks]

18. Consider two consecutive positive integers, n and n + 1. [4 marks]

Show that the difference of their squares is equal to the sum of the two integers.
Markscheme
attempt to subtract squares of integers (M1)

(n + 1)2 − n2
EITHER
2
correct order of subtraction and correct expansion of (n + 1) , seen anywhere
A1A1
= n2 + 2n + 1 − n2 (= 2n + 1)
OR
correct order of subtraction and correct factorization of difference of squares
A1A1
= (n + 1 − n)(n + 1 + n)(= 2n + 1)
THEN
= n + n + 1 = RHS A1
Note: Do not award final A1 unless all previous working is correct.
which is the sum of n and n + 1 AG
Note: If expansion and order of subtraction are correct, award full marks for
candidates who find the sum of the integers as 2n + 1 and then show that the
difference of the squares (subtracted in the correct order) is 2n + 1.
[4 marks]

7
19. In the expansion of (x + k)7 , where k ∈ R, the coefficient of the term in [5 marks]

x5 is 63.
Find the possible values of k.
Markscheme
EITHER
7
attempt to use the binomial expansion of (x + k) (M1)
7C x7 k0 + 7C1 x6 k1 + 7C2 x5 k2 + … (or 7C0 k7 x0 + 7C1 k5 x1 + 7C2 k5 x2 + …)
0
identifying the correct term 7C2 x5 k2 (or 7C5 k2 x5 ) (A1)
OR
attempt to use the general term 7Cr xr k7−r (or 7Cr kr x7−r ) (M1)
r = 2 (or r = 5) (A1)
THEN
7C = 21 (or 7C5 = 21 (seen anywhere) (A1)
2
21x5 k2 = 63x5 (21k2 = 63, k2 = 3) A1
k = ±√3 A1
Note: If working shown, award M1A1A1A1A0 for k = √3.
[5 marks]

+1
20. Consider the expansion of (3 + x2 )n+1 , where n ∈ Z+ . [5 marks]

Given that the coefficient of x4 is 20 412, find the value of n.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
product of a binomial coefficient, a power of 3 (and a power of x2 ) seen (M1)
evidence of correct term chosen (A1)

C2 × 3n+1−2 × (x2 ) (= × 3n−1 × x4 ) OR n − r = 1

n+1 2 n ( n+1 )
2

equating their coefficient to 20412 or their term to 20412x4 (M1)

EITHER
n+1
C2 × 3n−1 = 20412 (A1)
OR
r+2C × 3r = 20412 ⇒ r = 6 (A1)
r
THEN
n = 7 A1

METHOD 2
n+1
3n+1 (1 + x3 )
2

2
product of a binomial coefficient, and a power of x3 OR 13 seen (M1)

evidence of correct term chosen (A1)

2
n ( n+1 )
( x3 ) (= 3n−1
1)x4 )
2
3n+1 × 2!
× 2 n(n +

equating their coefficient to 20412 or their term to 20412x4 (M1)

n ( n+1 )
3n−1 × 2 = 20412 (A1)
n = 7 A1
[5 marks]

$20 000
 Two friends Amelia and Bill, each set themselves a target of saving $20 000. They
each have $9000 to invest.

Amelia invests her $9000 in an account that offers an interest rate of 7% per
annum compounded annually.

21a. Find the value of Amelia’s investment after 5 years to the nearest [3 marks]
hundred dollars.

Markscheme
EITHER
7 5
9000 × (1 + 100
) (A1)
12622. 965 … (A1)
OR
n=5
I% = 7
PV = ∓9000
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (A1)
±12622. 965 … (A1)
THEN
($) 12600 A1
[3 marks]
21b. Determine the number of years required for Amelia’s investment to [2 marks]
reach the target.

Markscheme
EITHER
7 x
9000(1 + 100
) = 20000 (A1)
OR
I% = 7
PV = ∓9000
FV = ±20000
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (A1)
THEN
= 12 (years) A1
[2 marks]

$9000 %
21c. Bill invests his $9000 in an account that offers an interest rate of r% [3 marks]
per annum compounded monthly, where r is set to two decimal places.
Find the minimum value of r needed for Bill to reach the target after 10 years.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to substitute into compound interest formula (condone absence of
compounding periods) (M1)
12×10
9000(1 + r
100×12
) = 20000
8. 01170 … (A1)
r = 8. 02 (%) A1
METHOD 2
n = 10
PV = ±9000
FV = ∓20000
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12
r = 8. 01170 … (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1 for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology,
award A1 for (r =)8. 01170 …
r = 8. 02 (%) A1
[3 marks]

$20 000
 A third friend Chris also wants to reach the $20 000 target. He puts his money in a
safe where he does not earn any interest. His system is to add more money to this
safe each year. Each year he will add half the amount added in the previous year.

21d. Show that Chris will never reach the target if his initial deposit is $9000. [5 marks]
 Markscheme
recognising geometric series (seen anywhere) (M1)
4500
r= 9000
(= 12 ) (A1)
EITHER
considering S∞ (M1)
9000
1−0.5
(= 18000) A1
correct reasoning that 18000
< 20000 R1
Note: Accept S∞ < 20000 only if S∞ has been calculated.
OR
considering Sn for a large value of n, n ≥ 80 (M1)
Note: Award M1 only if the candidate gives a valid reason for choosing a
value of n, where 50 ≤ n < 80.
correct value of Sn for their n A1
valid reason why Chris will not reach the target, which involves their choice of
n, their value of Sn and Chris’ age OR using two large values of n to recognize
asymptotic behaviour of Sn as n → ∞. R1
Note: Do not award the R mark without the preceding A mark.
THEN
Therefore, Chris will never reach the target. AG
[5 marks]

21e. Find the amount Chris needs to deposit initially in order to reach the [3 marks]
target after 5 years. Give your answer to the nearest dollar.
 Markscheme
recognising geometric sum M1
u1 ( 1−0.55 )
0.5
= 20000 (A1)
10322. 58 …
($) 10323 A1
[3 marks]

An arithmetic sequence has first term 60 and common difference −2. 5.

22a. Given that the kth term of the sequence is zero, find the value of k. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to use u1 +(n − 1)d = 0 (M1)
60 − 2. 5(k − 1)= 0
k = 25 A1
[2 marks]
22b. LetSn denote the sum of the first n terms of the sequence. [3 marks]
Find the maximum value of Sn .
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to express Sn in terms of n (M1)
use of a graph or a table to attempt to find the maximum sum (M1)
= 750 A1
METHOD 2

EITHER
recognizing maximum occurs at n = 25 (M1)
25 25
S25 = 2 (60 + 0), S25 = 2 (2 × 60 + 24 × −2. 5) (A1)

OR
attempting to calculate S24 (M1)
24
S24 = 2 (2 × 60 + 23 × −2. 5) (A1)

THEN
= 750 A1
[3 marks]
 All answers in this question should be given to four significant figures.

In a local weekly lottery, tickets cost $2 each.

In the first week of the lottery, a player will receive $D for each ticket, with the
probability distribution shown in the following table. For example, the probability
of a player receiving $10 is 0. 03. The grand prize in the first week of the lottery is
$1000.

23a. Find the value of c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
considering that sum of probabilities is 1 (M1)
0. 85 + c + 0. 03 + 0. 002 + 0. 0001 = 1
0. 1179 A1
[2 marks]
23b. Determine whether this lottery is a fair game in the first week. Justify [4 marks]
your answer.

Markscheme
valid attempt to find E(D) (M1)
E(D)=(0 × 0. 85)+(2 × 0. 1179)+(10 × 0. 03)+(50 × 0. 002)+(1000 × 0. 0001)
E(D)= 0. 7358 A1
No, not a fair game A1
for a fair game, E(D) would be $2 OR players expected winnings are 1. 264
R1
[4 marks]
 If nobody wins the grand prize in the first week, the probabilities will remain the
same, but the value of the grand prize will be $2000 in the second week, and the
value of the grand prize will continue to double each week until it is won. All other
prize amounts will remain the same.

23c. Given that the grand prize is not won and the grand prize continues to [2 marks]
double, write an expression in terms of n for the value of the grand
prize in the nth week of the lottery.

Markscheme
recognition of GP with r = 2 (M1)
1000 × 2n−1 OR 500(2n ) A1
[2 marks]

th
23d. The wth week is the first week in which the player is expected to make [7 marks]
a profit. Ryan knows that if he buys a lottery ticket in the wth week, his
expected profit is $p.
Find the value of p.
 Markscheme
recognizing E(D)> 2 (M1)
correct expression for wth week (or nth week) (A1)
(0 × 0. 85)+(2 × 0. 1179)+(10 × 0. 03)+(50 × 0. 002)+(1000 × 2w−1 × 0. 0001)
correct inequality (accept equation) (A1)
0. 6358 +(1000 × 2w−1 × 0. 0001)> 2 OR 2n−1 > 13. 642
EITHER
n − 1 > 3. 76998 OR w = 4. 76998 … (A1)

OR
E(D)= 1. 4358 in week 4 or E(D)= 2. 2358 in week 5 (A1)

THEN
w = 5 A1
expected profit per ticket = their E(D)−2 (M1)
= 0. 2358 A1
[7 marks]

Iron in the asteroid 16 Psyche is said to be valued at 8973 quadrillion euros

(EUR), where one quadrillion = 1015 .

24a. Write down the value of the iron in the form a × 10k where [2 marks]
1 ≤ a < 10 , k ∈ Z.
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure. It appeared in a paper that
permitted the use of a calculator, and so might not be suitable for all forms of
practice.
8. 97 × 1018 (EUR) (8. 973 × 1018 ) (A1)(A1) (C2)

Note: Award (A1) for 8. 97 (8. 973), (A1) for ×1018 . Award (A1)(A0) for
8. 97E18.
Award (A0)(A0) for answers of the type 8973 × 1015 .

[2 marks]

James believes the asteroid is approximately spherical with radius 113 km. He
uses this information to estimate its volume.

24b. Calculate James’s estimate of its volume, in km3 . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
4×π×1133
3
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in volume of sphere formula.

6 040 000 (km3 ) (6. 04 × 106 , 5771588π

3
, 6 043 992. 82) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

24c. The actual volume of the asteroid is found to be 6. 074 × 106 km3 . [2 marks]
Find the percentage error in James’s estimate of the volume.

Markscheme
∣ 6043992.82−6.074×106 ∣×100
∣ ∣ (M1)
6.074×106

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into the percentage error
formula (accept a consistent absence of “×106 ” from all terms).

0. 494 (%) (0. 494026 …(%)) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from their answer to part (b). If the final answer is
negative, award at most (M1)(A0).

[2 marks]
 Mia baked a very large apple pie that she cuts into slices to share with her friends.
The smallest slice is cut first. The volume of each successive slice of pie forms a
geometric sequence.
The second smallest slice has a volume of 30 cm 3 . The fifth smallest slice has a
volume of 240 cm 3 .

25a. Find the common ratio of the sequence. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure. It appeared in a paper that
permitted the use of a calculator, and so might not be suitable for all forms of
practice.
u1 r = 30 and u1 r4 = 240, (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for both the given terms expressed in the formula for un .
OR

30r3 = 240 (r3 = 8) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a correct equation seen.

(r =) 2 (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]
25b. Find the volume of the smallest slice of pie. [2 marks]

Markscheme
u1 × 2 = 30 OR u1 × 24 = 240 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in geometric sequence

formula.

(u1 =) 15 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[2 marks]

25c. The apple pie has a volume of 61 425 cm 3 . [2 marks]

Find the total number of slices Mia can cut from this pie.
 Markscheme
15 ( 2n−1 )
2−1
= 61425 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituted geometric series formula equated
to 61425.

(n =) 12 (slices) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from parts (a) and (b).

[2 marks]

Give your answers in this question correct to the nearest whole number.
Imon invested 25 000 Singapore dollars (SGD) in a fixed deposit account with a
nominal annual interest rate of 3. 6% , compounded monthly.

26a. Calculate the value of Imon’s investment after 5 years. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure. It appeared in a paper that
permitted the use of a calculator, and so might not be suitable for all forms of
practice.
3.6 12×5
(F V =) 25 000 × (1 + 100×12
) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substituted compound interest formula, (A1) for correct
substitutions.

OR

N=5
I% = 3. 6
P V = ∓25 000
P /Y = 1
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for all other correct entries.
OR

N = 60
I% = 3. 6
P V = ∓25 000
P /Y = 12
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for all other correct entries.
(F V =) 29 922 (SGD) (A1) (C3)

Note: Do not award the final (A1) if answer is not given correct to the nearest
integer.

[3 marks]

5 SGD
26b. At the end of the 5 years, Imon withdrew x SGD from the fixed deposit [3 marks]
account and reinvested this into a super-savings account with a
nominal annual interest rate of 5. 7% , compounded half-yearly.
The value of the super-savings account increased to 20 000 SGD after 18 months.
Find the value of x.
Markscheme
5.7 2×1.5
20 000 = P V × (1 + 100×2
) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substituted compound interest equated to 20 000.
Award (A1) for correct substitutions.

OR

N = 1. 5
I% = 5. 7
F V = ±20 000
P /Y = 1
C/Y = 2 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 2 seen, (M1) for all other correct entries.
OR

N=3
I% = 5. 7
F V = ±20 000
P /Y = 2
C/Y = 2 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 2 seen, (M1) for all other correct entries.
(x =) 18 383 (SGD) (A1) (C3)

Note: Do not award the final (A1) if answer is not given correct to the nearest
integer (unless already penalized in part(a)).

[3 marks]

9
27. 9 [6 marks]
Consider the expansion of (3x2 − kx ) , where k > 0.
The coefficient of the term in x6 is 6048. Find the value of k.
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach for expansion (must have correct substitution for parameters,
but accept an incorrect value for r). (M1)
eg
9 9 9
( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) , (3x2 ) +( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) +( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) + …
9−r r 9 8 1 7 2
r 1 2
valid attempt to identify correct term (M1)
r 9−r
eg 2(9 − r)−r = 6 , (x2 ) (x−1 ) = x6
identifying correct term (may be indicated in expansion) (A1)
eg r = 4, r = 5
correct term or coefficient in binominal expansion (A1)
9
( )(3x2 ) (− kx ) , 126(243x10 )( kx4 ), 30618k4
5 4 4
eg
4
correct equation in k (A1)
9
eg ( )(243)(k4 )x6 = 6048x6 , 30618k4 = 6048
4
2
k= 3
(exact) 0. 667 A1 N3

Note: Do not award A1 if additional answers given.

[6 marks]

1 2
 An infinite geometric series has first term u1 = a and second term u2 = 14 a2 − 3a,
where a > 0.

28a. Find the common ratio in terms of a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
evidence of dividing terms (in any order) (M1)
1 2
a −3a
u1
eg u2
, 4
a

r = 14 a − 3 A1 N2
[2 marks]

28b. Find the values of a for which the sum to infinity of the series exists. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
recognizing | r |< 1 (must be in terms of a) (M1)

eg ∣ 14 a − 3∣< 1, − 1 ≤ 14 a − 3 ≤ 1, − 4 < a − 12 < 4

8 < a < 16 A2 N3
[3 marks]

28c. Find the value of a when S∞ = 76. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct equation (A1)
eg a = 76 , a = 76(4 − 14 a)
1− ( a−3 )
1
4

76
a= 5
(= 15. 2) (exact) A2 N3
[3 marks]
 A large underground tank is constructed at Mills Airport to store fuel. The tank is
in the shape of an isosceles trapezoidal prism, ABCDEFGH.
AB = 70 m , AF = 200 m, AD = 40 m, BC = 40 m and CD = 110 m. Angle
ADC = 60° and angle BCD = 60°. The tank is illustrated below.

29a. Find h, the height of the tank. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
h h
sin 60° = 40
OR tan 60° = 20
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in trig ratio.

OR

202 + h2 = 402 (√402 − 202 ) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in Pythagoras’ theorem.

(h =) 34. 6 (m) (√1200, 20√3, 34. 6410 …) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]

29b. Show that the volume of the tank is 624 000 m3 , correct to three [3 marks]
significant figures.
Markscheme
1
2 (70 + 110)(34. 6410 …)×200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted area of trapezium formula,
provided all substitutions are positive. Award (M1) for multiplying by 200.
Follow through from part (a).

OR

1
(2 × 2 × 20 × 34. 6410 … + 70 × 34. 6410 …)×200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for the addition of correct areas for two triangles and one
rectangle. Award (M1) for multiplying by 200. Follow through from part (a).

OR

1
70 × 34. 6410 … × 200 + 2 × 2 × 34. 6410 … × 20 × 200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in volume of cuboid formula.
Award (M1) for correctly substituted volume of triangular prism(s). Follow
through from part (a).

623538 … (A1)
624000 (m3 ) (AG)

Note: Both an unrounded answer that rounds to the given answer and the
rounded value must be seen for the (A1) to be awarded.

[3 marks]
 Once construction was complete, a fuel pump was used to pump fuel into the
empty tank. The amount of fuel pumped into the tank by this pump each hour
decreases as an arithmetic sequence with terms u1 , u2 , u3 , … , un .
Part of this sequence is shown in the table.

29c. Write down the common difference, d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(d =) − 1800 (A1)

[1 mark]

29d. Find the amount of fuel pumped into the tank in the 13th hour. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
(u13 =) 45000 +(13 − 1)(−1800) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in arithmetic sequence formula.

OR
Award (M1) for a correct 4th term seen as part of list.

23400 (m3 ) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c) for their value of d.

[2 marks]

29e. Find the value of n such that un = 0. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
0 = 45000 +(n − 1)(−1800) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into arithmetic sequence
formula, equated to zero.

(n =) 26 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A0) if their n is not a
positive integer.

[2 marks]

29f. Write down the number of hours that the pump was pumping fuel into the[1 mark]
tank.

Markscheme
25 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (e)(i), but only if their final answer in (e)(i) is
positive. If their n in part (e)(i) is not an integer, award (A1)(ft) for the
nearest lower integer.

[1 mark]

3
 At the end of the 2nd hour, the total volume of fuel in the tank was 88 200 m3 .

29g. Find the total amount of fuel pumped into the tank in the first 8 hours. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(S8 =) 82 (2 × 45000 +(8 − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitutions in arithmetic series formula.
If a list method is used, award (M1) for the addition of their 8 correct terms.

310 000 (m3 ) (309 600) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A0) if their final
answer is greater than 624 000.

[2 marks]
29h. Show that the tank will never be completely filled using this pump. [3 marks]

Markscheme
25 25
(S25 =) 2 (2 × 45000 +(25 − 1)×(−1800)) , (S25 =) 2 (45000 + 1800)
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitutions into arithmetic series
formula.

S25 = 585000 (m3 ) (A1)(ft)(G1)

Note: Award (M1)(A1) for correctly finding S26 = 585000 (m3 ), provided
working is shown e.g. (S26 =) 26 2 (2 × 45000 +(26 − 1)×(−1800)) ,
(S26 =) 26 2 (45000 + 0). Follow through from part (c) and either their (e)(i) or
(e)(ii). If d < 0 and their final answer is greater than 624 000, award at most
(M1)(A1)(ft)(R0). If d > 0, there is no maximum, award at most (M1)(A0)
(R0). Award no marks if their number of terms is not a positive integer.

585000 (m3 )< 624000 (m3 ) (R1)

Hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.
For unsupported (S25 )= 585000 seen, award at most (G1)(R1)(AG). Working
must be seen to follow through from parts (c) and (e)(i) or (e)(ii).

OR

(Sn =) n (2 ×
2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into arithmetic series formula,
with n.

Maximum of this function 585225 (m3 ) (A1)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A1)(ft)(R0) if their
final answer is greater than 624 000. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if their
common difference is not – 1800. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if 585 225 is
not explicitly identified as the maximum of the function.

585225 (m3 )< 624000 (m3 ) (R1)

Hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.

OR

sketch with concave down curve and labelled 624000 horizontal line
(M1)

Note: Accept a label of “tank volume” instead of a numerical value. Award

(M0) if the line and the curve intersect.

curve explicitly labelled as (Sn =) n (2 ×

2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) or
equivalent (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a written explanation interpreting the sketch. Accept a
comparison of values, e.g 585225 (m 3 )< 624000 (m 3 ), where 585225 is the
graphical maximum. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if their common difference
is not – 1800.

the line and the curve do not intersect (R1)

 hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.

OR

624000 = n (2 ×
2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted arithmetic series formula
equated to 624000 (623538).

Demonstrates there is no solution (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a correct working that the discriminant is less than zero
OR correct working indicating there is no real solution in the quadratic
formula.

There is no (real) solution (to this equation) (R1)

hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: At most (M1)(A0)(R0) for their correctly substituted arithmetic series

formula = 624000, 623538 or 622800 with a statement "no solution". Follow
through from their part (b).

[3 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence, u2 = 5 and u3 = 11.

30a. Find the common difference. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 11 − 5, 11 = 5 + d
d=6 A1 N2
[2 marks]

30b. Find the first term. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg u2 − d, 5 − 6, u1 + (3 − 1) (6) = 11
u1 = −1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

20
30c. Find the sum of the first 20 terms. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into sum formula
20 20
eg 2 (2 (−1) + 19 (6)), 2 (−1 + 113) (A1)
S20 = 1120 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Let g (x) = px + q, for x,p,q ∈ R,p > 1. The point A (0,a) lies on the graph of g.
Let f (x) = g −1 (x). The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of
point A in the line y = x.

31a. Write down the coordinates of B. [2 marks]

Markscheme
B (a, 0) (accept B (q + 1, 0)) A2 N2
[2 marks]

B
 The line L1 is tangent to the graph of f at B.

1
31b. Given that f ′ (a) = ln p
, find the equation of L1 in terms of x, p and q.[5 marks]
 Markscheme
Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may work with the equation of the line
before finding a .

FINDING a
valid attempt to find an expression for a in terms of q (M1)
g (0) = a, p0 + q = a
a = q+1 (A1)

FINDING THE EQUATION OF L1

EITHER
attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates into equation of
straight line (M1)
eg y − 0 = f ′ (a) (x − a) , y = f ′ (a) (x − (q + 1))
correct equation in terms of a and p (A1)
1
eg y−0= ln(p)
(x − a)
OR
attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates to find b
1
eg 0= ln(p)
(a) +b
−a
b= ln(p)
(A1)

THEN (must be in terms of both p and q)

1 1
y= ln p
(x − q − 1) , y = ln p
x − q+1
ln p
A1 N3
1
Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 = ln p
(x − q − 1)

[5 marks]

31c. The lineL2 is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation [7 marks]
y = (ln p) x + q + 1.
The line L2 passes through the point (−2, − 2).

1
 1
The gradient of the normal to g at A is .
ln( 13 )

Find the equation of L1 in terms of x.

Markscheme
Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may find q in terms of p before finding a
value for p.

FINDING p
valid approach to find the gradient of the tangent (M1)
1
eg m1 m2 = −1, − 1 , − ln ( 13 ) , − 1
= 1

ln( 1/3 )
ln p ln( 1/3 )

correct application of log rule (seen anywhere) (A1)

−1
eg ln( 13 ) , − (ln (1) − ln (3))
correct equation (seen anywhere) A1
eg ln p = ln 3, p = 3

FINDING q
correct substitution of (−2, − 2) into L2 equation (A1)
eg −2 = (ln p) (−2) + q + 1
q = 2 ln p − 3, q = 2 ln 3 − 3 (seen anywhere) A1

FINDING L1
correct substitution of their p and q into their L1 (A1)
1
eg y= ln 3
(x − (2 ln 3 − 3) − 1)
1 1
y= ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2) , y = ln 3
x − 2 lnln3−2
3
A1 N2

1
Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 = ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2).

[7 marks]
 11
Consider ( )= 11! .
a a! 9!

32a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 11 − a = 9, 11!
9!(11−9)!
a=2 A1 N2
[2 marks]

9
32b. Hence or otherwise find the coefficient of the term in x9 in the [4 marks]
11
expansion of (x + 3) .

Markscheme
valid approach for expansion using n = 11 (M1)
11 11 11
eg ( ) x11−r 3r , a11 b0 + ( ) a10 b1 + ( ) a9 b2 + …
r 1 2
evidence of choosing correct term A1
11 11 11
eg ( ) 32 , ( ) x9 32 , ( ) 32
2 2 9
correct working for binomial coefficient (seen anywhere, do not accept
factorials) A1
11
eg 55, ( ) = 55, 55 × 32 , (55 × 9) x9 , 11×10
2 ×9
2
495 A1 N2
Note: If there is clear evidence of adding instead of multiplying, award A1 for
the correct working for binomial coefficient, but no other marks. For example,
55x9 × 32 would earn M0A0A1A0.
Do not award final A1 for a final answer of 495x9 , even if 495 is seen
previously. If no working shown, award N1 for 495x9 .
[4 marks]
 The first two terms of a geometric sequence are u1 = 2.1 and u2 = 2.226.

33a. Find the value of r. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
, 2.226
u1
eg u2 2.1 , 2.226 = 2.1r
r = 1.06 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]

33b. Find the value of u10 . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
eg 2.1 × 1.069
3.54790 A1 N2
u10 = 3.55
[2 marks]

33c. Find the least value of n such that Sn > 5543. [3 marks]
Markscheme
correct substitution into Sn formula (A1)
2.1(1.06n−1) 2.1(1.06n−1)
eg 1.06−1
, 1.06−1
> 5543, 2.1 (1.06n − 1) = 332.58, sketch of
Sn and y = 5543
correct inequality for
n or crossover values A1
eg n > 87.0316, S87 = 5532.73 and S88 = 5866.79
n = 88 A1 N2
[3 marks]

π
 Consider f(x) = √x sin ( π4 x) and g(x) = √x for x ≥ 0. The first time the graphs
of f and g intersect is at x = 0.

34a. Find the two smallest non-zero values of x for which f(x) = g(x). [5 marks]
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
correct working (A1)
eg sin ( π4 x) = 1, √x (1 − sin ( π4 x)) = 0

sin ( π2 ) = 1 (seen anywhere) (A1)

correct working (ignore additional values) (A1)
π π π π
eg 4
x = 2, 4x = 2 + 2π
x = 2, 10 A1A1 N1N1
[5 marks]

( )= ( )
 The set of all non-zero values that satisfy f(x) = g(x) can be described as an
arithmetic sequence, un = a + bn where n ≥ 1.

34b. At point P, the graphs of f and g intersect for the 21st time. Find the [4 marks]
coordinates of P.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg first intersection at x = 0, n = 20
correct working A1
eg −6 + 8 × 20, 2 + (20 − 1) × 8, u20 = 154
P(154, √154) (accept x = 154 and y = √154) A1A1 N3
[4 marks]
34c. The following diagram shows part of the graph of g reflected in the x- [4 marks]
axis. It also shows part of the graph of f and the point P.

Find an expression for the area of the shaded region. Do not calculate the value of
the expression.
 Markscheme
valid attempt to find upper boundary (M1)
eg half way between u20 and u21, u20 + d2 , 154 + 4, −2 + 8n, at least two
values of new sequence {6, 14, ...}
upper boundary at x = 158 (seen anywhere) (A1)
correct integral expression (accept missing dx) A1A1 N4
158 158
eg ∫0(√x sin ( π4 x) + √x) dx, ∫0 (g + f) dx),
158 158
∫0 √x sin ( π4 x) dx − ∫0 −√x dx
Note: Award A1 for two correct limits and A1 for correct integrand. The A1
for correct integrand may be awarded independently of all the other marks.
[4 marks]

A sphere with diameter 3 474 000 metres can model the shape of the Moon.

35a. Use this model to calculate the circumference of the Moon in [3 marks]
kilometres. Give your full calculator display.
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
3 474 000×π
1000
(M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct numerator and (M1) for dividing by 1000 OR
equivalent, such as 3 474 2000
000×2×π
ie diameter.
Do not accept use of area formula ie πr2 .
10 913.89287… (km) (A1) (C3)
[3 marks]

35b. Give your answer to part (a) correct to three significant figures. [1 mark]

Markscheme
10 900 (km) (A1)(ft) (C1)
Note: Follow through from part (a).
[1 mark]
35c. Write your answer to part (b) in the form a × 10k , where 1 ≤ a < 10 , [2 marks]
k ∈ Z.

Markscheme
1.09 × 104 (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from part (b) only. Award (A1)(ft) for 1.09, and (A1)(ft)
× 104. Award (A0)(A0) for answers of the type: 10.9 × 103.
[2 marks]
 The first terms of an infinite geometric sequence, un , are 2, 6, 18, 54, …
The first terms of a second infinite geometric sequence, vn , are 2, −6, 18, −54, …
The terms of a third sequence, wn , are defined as wn = un + vn .

225 m
∑ ∑
The finite series, k=1 wk , can also be written in the form k=0 4rk .

36a. Write down the first three non-zero terms of wn . [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to add corresponding terms (M1)
n−1
eg 2 + 2, 6 + (−6) , 2(3) + 2(−3)n−1
correct value for w5 (A1)
eg 324
4, 36, 324 (accept 4 + 36 + 324) A1 N3
[3 marks]
36b. Find the value of r. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 4 × r1 = 36, 4 × 9n−1
m
∑
r = 9 (accept k=0 4 × 9k ; m may be incorrect) A1 N2
[2 marks]

36c. Find the value of m . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
recognition that 225 terms of wn consists of 113 non-zero terms (M1)
113 112
∑ ∑
eg 1 , 0 , 113
1
∑
m = 112 (accept k=0 124 × rk ; r may be incorrect) A1 N2
[2 marks]

John purchases a new bicycle for 880 US dollars (USD) and pays for it with a
Canadian credit card. There is a transaction fee of 4.2 % charged to John by the
credit card company to convert this purchase into Canadian dollars (CAD).
The exchange rate is 1 USD = 1.25 CAD.

37a. Calculate, in CAD, the total amount John pays for the bicycle. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
1.042 × 880 × 1.25 OR (880 + 0.042 × 880) × 1.25 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying 880 by 1.042 and (M1) for multiplying 880
by 1.25.
1150 (CAD) (1146.20 (CAD)) (A1)(G2)
Note: Accept 1146.2 (CAD)
[3 marks]

John insures his bicycle with a US company. The insurance company produces the
following table for the bicycle’s value during each year.

The values of the bicycle form a geometric sequence.

37b. Find the value of the bicycle during the 5th year. Give your answer to [3 marks]
two decimal places.
 Markscheme
704 563.20
880
OR 704
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly dividing sequential terms to find the common
ratio, or 0.8 seen.
880(0.8)5−1 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric sequence formula.
360.45 (USD) (A1)(G3)
Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is not correct to 2 decimal
places. Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0) if r = 1.25 .
[3 marks]

37c. Calculate, in years, when the bicycle value will be less than 50 USD. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
880(0.8)n−1 < 50 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric sequence formula
and (in)equating to 50. Accept weak or strict inequalities. Accept an equation.
Follow through from their common ratio in part (b). Accept a sketch of their GP
with y = 50 as a valid method.
OR
u13 = 60.473 AND u14 = 48.379 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their u13 and u14 both seen. If the student states
u14 = 48.379 < 50, without u13 = 60.473 seen, this is not sufficient to award
(M1).
14 or “14th year” or “after the 13th year” (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: The context of the question requires the final answer to be an integer.
Award at most (M1)(A0) for a final answer of 13.9 years. Follow through from
their 0.8 in part (b).
[2 marks]

During the 1st year John pays 120 USD to insure his bicycle. Each year the
amount he pays to insure his bicycle is reduced by 3.50 USD.

37d. Find the total amount John has paid to insure his bicycle for the first 5 [3 marks]
years.
 Markscheme
5
2 ((2 × 120) + (−3.5 (5 − 1))) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into arithmetic series formula, (A1) for
correct substitution.
565 (USD) (A1)(G2)
[3 marks]

37e. John purchased the bicycle in 2008. [3 marks]

Justify why John should not insure his bicycle in 2019.
 Markscheme
2019 is the 12th year/term (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 12 seen.
75.59 (value of bicycle) AND 81.5 (cost of insurance policy) (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for both sequences’ 12th term seen. The value of the
bicycle will follow through from their common ratio in part (b). Do not award
(M0)(A1).
the cost of the insurance policy is greater than the value of the bicycle
(R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for a reason consistent with their cost of insurance
policy and their value of the bicycle. Follow through within this part. Award
(R0) if the correct values are not explicitly seen. Accept the following
contextualized reasons: “the insurance is not worth it", "the values are too
close", "insurance is as much as the value of the bike", but only if their cost of
insurance is greater than the value of the bicycle.
OR
75.59 < 81.5 (R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for a correct numerical comparison showing their cost of
insurance policy is greater than their value of the bicycle. Follow through
within this part.
[3 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence, u1 = 1.3 , u2 = 1.4 and uk = 31.2.

38a. Find the exact value of Sk . [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
300 300 300
eg 2 (1.3 + 31.2) , 2 [2 (1.3) + (300 − 1) (0.1)] , 2 [2.6 + 299 (0.1)]
Sk = 4875 A1 N2
[2 marks]
 Consider the terms, un , of this sequence such that n ≤ k.
Let F be the sum of the terms for which n is not a multiple of 3.

38b. Show that F = 3240. [5 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing need to find the sequence of multiples of 3 (seen anywhere)
(M1)
eg first term is u3 (= 1.5) (accept notation u1 = 1.5 ) ,
d = 0.1 × 3 (= 0.3) , 100 terms (accept n = 100), last term is 31.2
u100 = 31.2) , u3 + u6 + u9 + … (accept
(accept notation
F = u3 + u6 + u9 + …)
correct working for sum of sequence where n is a multiple of 3 A2
100
2 (1.5 + 31.2) , 50 (2 × 1.5 + 99 × 0.3) , 1635
valid approach (seen anywhere) (M1)
100
eg Sk − (u3 + u6 + …) , Sk − 2 (1.5 + 31.2) , Sk − (their sum for
(u3 + u6 + …))
correct working (seen anywhere) A1
eg Sk − 1635 , 4875 − 1635
F = 3240 AG N0
[5 marks]

= + a + a +… ∈ Z+
38c. An infinite geometric series is given as S∞ =a+ a + a
2 + …, a ∈ Z+ [5 marks]
√2
.
Find the largest value of a such that S∞ < F.
 Markscheme
attempt to find r (M1)

eg dividing consecutive terms

correct value of r (seen anywhere, including in formula)

1 a
eg , 0.707106… ,
√2 0.293…

correct working (accept equation) (A1)

eg a < 3240
1− 1
√2

correct working A1

METHOD 1 (analytical)

eg 3240 × (1 − ),
1
√2
a < 948.974 , 948.974

METHOD 2 (using table, must find both S∞ values)

eg when a = 948 , S∞ = 3236.67 … AND when a = 949 , S∞ = 3240.08 …

a = 948 A1 N2

[5 marks]

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2023

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

Printed for INTERASESORES SA