5Ps in Case Formulation

5Ps Guide Questions

Presenting Problem 1. What are the thoughts, experiences, feelings, emotions,
behaviors, etc. which are causing 5Ds or concerns that
clients find difficult to manage? Specify in detail (if applicable)
a. Dysfunction
b. Distress
c. Deviance
d. Dangerousness
e. Duration
f. other concerns
(NOTE: You may utilize DSM 5 to support the narrative)
Predisposing Factors 1. What are the biological, environmental, psychological, and
socio-cultural considerations, factors, or background which
put the client at risk or vulnerability on developing symptoms
of psychological disorder/s?
(NOTE: You may utilize DSM 5 to support the narrative)
Precipitating Factors 1. What are the internal or external factors that triggered the
current presenting issues (specifically the triggers or the
turning point of the client on developing symptoms of
psychological disorder/s)?
Perpetuating Factors 1. What are the internal and external factors that maintain the
current behaviors of the client? Specify in detail (if
applicable):
a. Personal (preferences)
b. Environmental (influences)
c. Cognitive (thoughts/cognitions)
d. Behavioral (conditioning)
e. Others (you may add here)
Protective Factors 1. What are the resilience, strengths, characteristics, and
factors that help maintain holistic well-being?
2. What or who can be the support system of the client at the
give case study? (If not mentioned, create a hypothetical idea
on what might help the client)
3. What interventions apply to the given case? (Pls. support
with research/study)