Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Scientificmethodpowerpoint 130825163118 Phpapp02
Scientificmethodpowerpoint 130825163118 Phpapp02
What is Science?
The goal of science is to investigate
and understand the natural world, to
explain events in the natural world, and
to use those explanations to make
useful predictions.
Page 5
Scientific Methods
The scientific method is:
A series of steps used by scientists to
solve a problem or answer a question.
Page 6
Step 1: Step 2: Form a Hypothesis
Observation / Asking a
Question
Hypothesis
A problem or a question A possible
must first be identified. explanation to the
question or problem.
It is simply a prediction and has
not yet been proven or disproven.
It must be stated in a
How much water can a root
way that is testable.
hair absorb?
A statement is
Why does a plant stem bend considered “testable”
toward the light? if evidence can be
collected that either
What effect does does or does not
temperature have on heart support it.
rate? Page 7
Step 3: Designing a Controlled
Experiment
1. The factors in an experiment that can be changed are called
variables. Some example of variables would be: changing the
temperature, the amount of light present, time, concentration of
solutions used.
2. A controlled experiment works with one variable at a time. If
several variables were changed at the same time, the scientist
would not know which variable was responsible for the observed
results.
3. In a “controlled experiment” only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be
unchanged or “controlled”.
Describe the experimental group. This group will receive the vaccine.
What variables are kept constant? The size, shape, color, and texture
of the pill.
What variable is being changed? Whether or not the pill contains the
vaccine.
Page 9
There are two variables in an experiment:
c) In the above
a)
a) The
The independent
independent example, what is the
variable
variable isis the
the independent
variable
variable that
that isis variable?
deliberately
deliberately It is the addition of the
changed
changed by by the
the vaccine to the pills
scientist.
scientist. that were given to the
volunteers.
b) The dependent variable is the d) In the above
one observed during the example, what is
experiment. The dependent the dependent
variable is the data we collect variable?
during the experiment. This
data is collected as a result of The observed
changing the independent health of the people
variable. receiving the pills.
Page 10
Step 4: Recording and Analyzing Results
1. The data that has been collected must be
organized and analyzed to determine whether the
data are reliable.
2. Does the
data support
or not
support the
hypothesis?
Page 11
Step 5: Drawing Conclusions
The evidence from the experiment is used to
determine if the hypothesis is proven or disproven.
Experiments must be
repeated over and
over. When repeated,
the results should
always be the same
before a valid
conclusion can be
reached.
Page 12
Forming a Theory
A theory may
be formed Theory:
after the A broad and
hypothesis comprehensive
has been statement of
tested many what is thought
times and is to be true.
supported by
much A theory is
evidence. supported by
considerable
evidence.
Page 13
You want to determine the effects
of a certain fertilizer on the
growth of orchids grown in a
greenhouse. Materials that are
available to you include:
greenhouse, 100 orchid plants, State your hypothesis:
water, fertilizer, and soil. You
want to know if the orchids will Possible answer:
grow best with a weak
concentration of fertilizer, a
medium concentration of I predict that the
fertilizer, or a high concentration orchids will grow best
of fertilizer. How will you design with a medium
an experiment to test different concentration of
concentrations of this fertilizer?
fertilizer.
Page 14
Here is one possibility:
What
What variable
variable is
is being
being changed
changed inin this
this experiment?
experiment?
The
The variable
variable being
being changed
changed is
is the
the amount
amount of of fertilizer
fertilizer
received
received by by each
each group
group of of plants.
plants.
Page 17
Group 1 (Control Group): Grew to an average height of 15 cm.
Is
Is your
your hypothesis
hypothesis supported
supported or or disproved
disproved by by
these
these results?
results?
We
We hypothesized
hypothesized that
that the
the orchids
orchids would
would grow
grow
best
best with
with aa medium
medium concentration
concentration of of fertilizer.
fertilizer.
The
The results
results do
do not
not support
support this.
this.
The
The results
results disprove
disprove our
our hypothesis.
hypothesis.
Page 18
Group 1 (Control Group): Grew to an average height of 15 cm.
What
What isis your
your conclusion
conclusion based
based on
on these
these
results?
results?
Orchids
Orchids grow
grow best
best with
with aa weak
weak
concentration
concentration of of fertilizer.
fertilizer.
At
At medium
medium to to high
high concentrations,
concentrations, plant
plant
growth
growth is
is inhibited.
inhibited.
Page 19
Analysis Questions
Page 21
Analysis Questions
A hypothesis is an “educated
guess” that is testable through
observations and experimentation.
A theory is a broad statement of
what is believed to be true based
on many experiments and
considerable amounts of data.
Page 23
Analysis Questions
Page 24
Analysis Questions
Page 26
Created by Amy Brown – Science Stuff
Copyright © January 2012 Amy
Brown (aka Science Stuff)
All rights reserved by author.
This document is for your
classroom use only.
This document may not be
electronically distributed or posted
to a web site.
Page 27