LESSON 1: DIRECT VARIATION

I. Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Illustrate situations that involve direct variation;
2. Correctly translate into variation statement a relationship involving direct variation
between two quantities given by a table of values, a mathematical equation, a
graph, and vice versa; and
3. Systematically solve problems involving direct variations.
4. Effectively relate direct variation to honesty and trustworthiness.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Direct Variation
References: Teacher’s Guide in Mathematics 9
Skills to develop: Illustrates situations that involves direct variation
Time frame: 1 hour
Values integration: Honesty and Trustworthiness
Teaching Approaches: Inquiry-Based Learning, Cooperative Learning

III. Procedure
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES (3 mins.)

(Greetings)

Good morning, class. Good morning, Sir!

(Prayer)

Let us all stand for the prayer. (The students will stand for the prayer)

Before taking your seat, kindly pick up the (The students will pick up the pieces of dirt
pieces of paper or any kind of dirt within your within their area, arrange their seats, and take
area and arrange your chairs. their seats)
(Checking of attendance)

Now, may I know who are the absentees (The class monitor will report who are the
today? absentees)

Before we proceed to our lesson, here are the

rules you must follow.
1. Raise your hand if you want to be
recognized.
2. Listen and be quiet when someone is
talking or sharing their ideas.
3. Use positive language and a positive
attitude.
4. Be respectful to others' ideas; respect
one another.

Are these rules clear? Yes, Sir!

B. MOTIVATION (5 mins.)

I have here a picture. (The teacher will present

a picture)

What can you say about the picture? A man who is cutting a tree.
Very good. Do you know that an increasing
demand for paper contributes to the
destruction of trees from which paper is
made? If waste papers were recycled
regularly, it would help prevent the cutting
down of trees, global warming and other
adverse effects that would destroy the
environment. Paper recycling does not only
save the earth but also contributes to the
economy of the country and to the income to
some individuals. This is one situation where
questions, such as “Will a decrease in the
production of papers contribute to the
decrease in the number of trees being cut?”
can be answered using the concepts of
variations. There are several relationships of
quantities which we will encounter from this
situation. You will learn how a change in one
quantity could correspond to a predictable
change on the other.

C. ACTIVITY (10 mins.)

“Exploring Direct Variation”

Instructions:
1. The teacher will divide the students
into three (3) groups.
2. Each group will be provided with a Group1:
table of values and the students will x 1 2 3 4
plot the points on the graph paper. y 2 4 6 8

Group 2:
x 2 4 6 8
 y 1 2 3 4

Group 3:
x 2 3 4 5
y 4 6 8 10

3. The students will observe the graph (Answers may vary)

and answer the following questions:
• What can you say about the
graph?
• Compare the values used in
the table, what can you say
about it?
• Does the graph represent a
direct variation? Justify.

D. ANALYSIS (5 mins.)
(The teacher will ask a question to conclude (A student will describe a direct variation)
the activity)
Based on our activity and your observation, There is a direct variation between two
when can you say that there is a direct variables if an increase in x causes an
variation between values? increase in y as well. Similarly, a decrease in
x causes a decrease in y.

Very good!

E. ABSTRACTION (15 mins.)

Remember:
There is a direct variation whenever a situation
produces pairs of numbers in which their ratio
is constant.
The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” and
“y is proportional to x”
Is mathematically translated as y = kx, where
k is the constant of variation.

For two quantities x and y, an increase in x

causes an increase in y as well. Similarly, a
decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

Now that we know what direct variation is, let

us now have these examples.

Examples:
1. If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when
x = 6, find the variation constant and
the equation of variation.

Solution:
a. Express the statement “y varies
as x”, as y=kx.
b. Solve for k by substituting the given
values in the equation
𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙
24 = 𝒌(6)
24
𝒌=
6
𝒌=4
Therefore, the constant of variation
is 4.
c. Form the equation of the variation
by substituting 4 in the statement
y=kx. Thus, y=4x.
 2. The table below shows that the
distance d varies directly as the time t.
Find the constant of variation and the
equation which describes the relation.

Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance 10 20 30 40 50
(km)

Who wants to try? (A student will try to solve the problem on the
board)
Solution:
Since d varies directly as the time t, then d =
kt

Using one of the pairs of values, (2,20), from

the table, substitute the values of d and t in d
= kt and solve for k.
𝒅 = 𝒌𝒕
20 = 𝒌(2)
20
𝒌=
2
𝒌 = 10
Therefore, the constant of variation is 10.
Form the mathematical equation of the
variation by substituting 10 in the statement d
= kt
d = 10t
Very good! Let’s proceed with the next (A student will solve the problem on the board)
example. Who wants to answer on the board?

3. If x varies directly as y and x = 35 when Solution.

y = 7, what is the value of y when x = Since x varies directly as y, then the equation
25? of variation is in the form x = ky.

Substitute the given values of y and x to solve

for k.
35 = 𝒌(7)
35
𝒌=
7
𝒌=5
Hence, the equation of variation is x = 5y.
Solve for y when x = 25,
25 = 5𝒚
25
𝒚=
5
𝒌=5

Very good! But there is another way to solve

this problem.

(The teacher will present the other solution for

the third example)

𝑥
Since is a constant, we can write
𝑦
𝑥
𝑘 = 𝑦 . From here we can establish a
𝑥 𝑥2
proportion such that 𝑦1 = 𝑦2
, where 𝑥1 = 35,
1

𝑦1 = 7, and 𝑥2 = 25.

Substituting the values, we get

 35 25
=
7 𝑦2
25
5=
𝑦2
25
𝑦2 =
5
𝑦2 = 5

Therefore, y = 5, when x = 25.

Are there any questions?

Okay, answer the following on your notebook. None!
F. APPLICATION (7 mins.)

Activity 6: It’s Your Turn!

A. Write an equation for the following
statements A.

1. The fare F of a passenger varies

directly as the distance d of his 1. F = kd

destination.
2. The cost C of fish varies directly as
its weight w in kilograms. 2. C = kw

B. Determine if the table below express a

direct variation between the variables. B.
If they do, find the constant variation
and an equation that defines the
relation.

x 1 2 3 4
y -3 -6 -9 - 12 1. k = -3; y = - 3x

C. In each of the following, y varies

C.
directly as x. Find the values as
indicated.
 1. If y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x 1. y = 36
= 12
2. If y = -18 when x = 9, find y when x 2. y = - 63
=7

G. GENERALIZATION (5 mins.)
To conclude our discussion for today, we will (The students will complete the statement, I
complete the statement, I learned that… learned that…)

I learned that…
• Direct variation happens if an increase
in x cause an increase in y as well.
Similarly, a decrease in x causes a
decrease in y.
• The statements: “y varies directly as x”,
“y is directly proportional to x”, and
“y is proportional to x” is
mathematically translated as y = kx,
where k is the constant of variation.

H. VALUING
In life, direct variation is evident especially in
gaining trust. The more we become honest,
the more trustworthy we become. Similarly,
the less honest we are, the less trustworthy we
become. So, if you want to be trusted, practice
honesty.
IV. Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following represent direct variation?
a. y = 2x + 3 b. y = 3x
c. y = x2 d. y = x

2. A car travels at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour. Which of the following represents
a direct variation between time and distance traveled?
a. d = 60t b. d = t2
c. d = 60 d. d = t + 60

3. The cost of a product is directly proportional to the quantity purchased. If 5 items cost Php
25.00, how much would 10 items cost?
a. Php 10.00 b. Php 25.00
c. Php 50.00 d. Php 100.00

V. Assignment

A teacher charges Php 500 per hour for tutorial service to a grade 8 junior high school student. If
she spends 3 hours tutoring per day, how much would she receive in 20 days?

Prepared by:
Joshua S, Barquez
Field Study Student

Mr. Jefferey R. Calwit

Resource Teacher