Sir Zaheer's Academy

A-Level ENTROPY Worksheet

1 (a) Explain what is meant by the term entropy of a system.
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(b) State and explain whether the entropy change of each of the following processes is positive or
negative. Do not consider the entropy change of the surroundings.
● liquid water at 80 C is cooled to 60 C
The entropy change is ............................... because ................................................................

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● solid calcium chloride is added to water and the mixture is stirred

The entropy change is ............................... because ................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
● the change corresponding to the lattice energy of calcium chloride, Hlatt CaCl 2(s), takes
place
The entropy change is ............................... because ................................................................

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[3]
2 (a) Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.
Describe and explain what happens to the entropy of a gas when the temperature is increased.
....................................................................................................................................................

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(b) The table shows four reactions.

(i) For each reaction, predict the sign of the entropy change, S o. If you predict no entropy
change, write ‘no change’ in the table below. The first one has been done for you.

reaction sign of S o
CO(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) negative
Mg(s) + 1
O (g)  MgO(s)
2 2

CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l)  CuSO4.5H5O(s)

NaHCO3(s) + H+(aq)  Na+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

[2]
(ii) Explain why the entropy change for the first process is negative.
.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Calculate the standard entropy change, S o, for this reaction. N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
Standard entropies, S o, in J K–1 mol–1 are given.

N2(g) H2(g) NH3(g)

+192 +131 +193
S o ............................ J K–1 mol–1 [2]
 3 a For each of the following changes state whether the entropy of the system decreases or increases.
In each case, explain your answer in terms of the order or disorder of the particles
i NaCl(s) + aq Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq) [5]
ii H2O(g) H2O(l) [3]

4 Silver chloride, AgCl, is sparingly soluble in water. The equation for the enthalpy change of
solution is shown.
AgCl (s)  Ag+(aq) + Cl –(aq) = +65.5 kJ mol–1
Standard entropies are shown in the table.

species AgCl (s) Ag+(aq) Cl –(aq)

S o / J K–1 mol–1 +96.2 +72.7 +56.5
(i) Calculate the standard entropy change of solution, S . o

S o = .............................. J K–1 mol–1 [1]

5 When ethanol undergoes combustion, carbon dioxide and water are formed.
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
Calculate the standard entropy change for this reaction.
(Values for S —O in J K–1 mol–1: C2H5OH(l) = 160.7, CO2 =213.6, H2O(l) = 69.90, O2(g) = 205.0) [6]
6 Calculate entropy change of thermal decomposition of barium carbonate. BaCO3→BaO+CO2
S—O [BaCO (s)] = +112.1 J K –1 mol–1
3
S O [BaO(s)]
— = +70.40 J K–1 mol–1
S [CO2(g)]
—
O = +213.6 J K–1 mol–1 [5]
7 Calcium carbonate decomposes when heated to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Calculate the entropy change of the system for this reaction.
O in J K –1 mol–1: CaCO (s) = +92.9, CaO(s) = +39.7, CO (g) = +213.6)
(Values for S — [2]
3 2

8. Entropy is ameasure of the disorder of a system.

Assume theventropy,S, for H2O is zero at 0K.
Sketch agraph on the axes to show how the entropy
changes for H2O between 0K and 300K. S/JK–1mol–1

o
, for this reaction.

Place one tick in each row of the table to 0

0 100 200 300
show the sign of the entropy changes,S.
temperature/K

S is negative S is positive

solid dissolving in water

water boiling to steam

At 298K,both products of this reaction are liquid.

CO2(g)+3H2(g) CH3OH(l)+H2O(l) Ho=–131kJmol–1
Standard entropies are shown in the table.

substance CO2(g) H2(g) CH3OH(l) H2O(l)

So/JK–1mol–1 +214 +131 +127 +70 Calculate the entropy change,