INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT

Name Hariom
Registration no 2114501930
Course code & Name DCA1103 – BASIC MATHEMATICS
Program Bachelor of Computer Application
Session JUL/AUG 2021

SET - I

Q. 1 (a). It is known that in a sports club, there are 1000 registered members. 60% of members
play Tennis, 50% of members play Cricket, 70 % of members play Football, 20% of members play
Tennis and Cricket, 40% of members play Cricket and Football and 30% of members play Football
and Tennis. If someone claimed that 20% of members play all the three sports, what is your
opinion and why? [Use inclusion and exclusion principle to provide your opinion]

Solution: -
Let, A = play tennis
B = play cricket
C = play football
We have,
n(A) = 600, n(B) = 500, n(C) = 700
n(A  B) = 200, n(B  C) = 400, n(A  C) = 300
Total (A  B  C) = 1000
By using inclusion and exclusion principle.
 n(A  B  C) = n(A) + (B) + (C) - n(A  B) - n(B  C) - n(A  C) + n(A  B  C)
Substituting the value,
We get,
1000 = 600 + 500 + 700 – 200 – 400 – 300 + n(A  B  C)
 1000 = 1800 – 900 + (A  B  C)
 n(A  B  C) = 1000 – 900
 n(A  B  C) = 100 (10%)
Number of person playing all three sports are 100 only that is 10% of the total registered
member, so if someone claimed that 20% of member play all the three sport, he/ she (who’s
claimed) is wrong. I am not agreeing with that.

(b). By using truth tables, check whether the propositions ¬ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) and ¬𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 are logically
equivalent or not?
Solution: -

p q p∧q ¬ (p ∧ q) ¬p ¬p∨q
T T T F F T
T F F T F F
F T F T T T
F F F T T T

As both ¬ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) and ¬𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 are not equal, we can say that both are not logically equivalent.

Q. 2 (a). Consider the set 𝐺 = {1,5,7,11,13,17} under multiplication modulo 18 as a group.

Construct the multiplication table for G and find the inverse of each element of G.

Solution: - Given that G = {1, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17}

 Multiplication table for G: -

G18 1 5 7 11 13 17
1 1 5 7 11 13 17
5 5 7 17 1 11 13
7 7 17 13 5 1 11
11 11 1 5 13 17 7
13 13 11 1 17 7 5
17 17 13 11 7 5 1
Inverse of each element of G as follows: -
1 = 1, 5 = 11, 7 = 13, 11 = 5, 13 = 7, 17 =
17.

(b). If for a right-angle triangle, for the acute angle 𝜃, sin 𝜃 = 𝟏𝟐

𝟏𝟑
then, find the values for cos 𝜃 &
tan 𝜃 and show that –
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1 and sec2 𝜃 – tan2 𝜃 = 1
Solution: -
12
According to the question given that sin 𝜃 = 13 , cos 𝜃 =? and tan 𝜃 =?
12 𝑝 A
Sin 𝜃 = =
13 ℎ
𝑏
Cos 𝜃 =
ℎ
𝑝
tan 𝜃 =
𝑏
Given that (p) (h)
p = 12, h = 13

We Know that
𝜃
B C
h = √𝑝2 + 𝑏2 (b)

13 = √122 +

𝑏2
132 = 122 + b2
b2 = 132 - b2

b = √132 − 122 or b √25

b = 5. 𝟓
and tan 𝜃 =
𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟓
𝟑
According to the question Cos 𝜃 =

(I). Show that sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

We know,
𝑝
Sin 𝜃 =
ℎ
𝑏
Cos 𝜃 =
ℎ

L.H.S.

sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃
 (p/h)2 + (b⁄h)2
 p2/ h2 + b2 / h2
  p2 + b2/ h2
 p2 + b2 = h2 According to the Pythagoras theorem h = √𝑝2 + 𝑏2 or h2 = p2 + b2.
When we put p2 + b2 = h2.
we will get
h2 / h2 = 1
L.H.S. = R.H.S

(II). Show that sec2𝜃 – tan2𝜃 = 1

We know,
ℎ
Sec 𝜃 =
𝑏
𝑝
tan 𝜃 =
𝑏

L.H.S.

sec2𝜃 – tan2𝜃
(h/b)2 – (p/b)2
 h2/b2 – p2/b2
 h2 - p2 / b2
 h2 - p2 = b2 According to the Pythagoras theorem h = √𝑝2 + 𝑏2 or b2 = h2 - p2.
When we put h2 - p2 = b2
We get,
b2/b2 = 1.
L.H.S. = R.H.S
(c). Find the value of the constant 𝑎, for which, the following function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous

Given that,

Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0,

L.H.L = f(0) = R.H.L
Or L.H.L = f(0)
Or 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(0) +1
𝑥→0 0−2
1 + 𝑎𝑥 − √1 − 𝑎𝑥 0+1
or 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (√ )=
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥 0−2
By Rationalization
1
or - = lim √1 + 𝑎𝑥 − √1 − 𝑎𝑥 √1 + 𝑎𝑥 + √1 − 𝑎𝑥
2 𝑥→0( 𝑥 ) (√1 + 𝑎𝑥 + √1 − 𝑎𝑥 )
 1 1 + 𝑎𝑥 − 1 + 𝑎𝑥
or - = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
2 1 𝑥→ 𝑥 (√1 + 𝑎𝑥 + √1 − 𝑎𝑥)
or 0 2𝑎𝑥
− = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
12 𝑥 → 0 𝑥 (√1 + 𝑎𝑥 + √1 − 𝑎𝑥)
or 2𝑎
- = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )
1
2 𝑥→0 √1 + 𝑎𝑥 + √1 − 𝑎𝑥
or 2𝑎
- =
2 √1 + 0 + √1 − 0
1
2𝑎 = −
or 1+1 1
2𝑎 2
or =-
2 2
1
 a=-
2
1
Thus, f(x) is continuous at x = 0, if a = -
2

3. (a) Differentiate the following function with respect to the variable x.

𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆− 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆− 𝒙
Solution : - 𝒖
𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆− 𝒙
Let us =
𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆− 𝒙 𝒗
Division rule
𝑣𝑢′ – 𝑢𝑣′
𝑣2
(𝑒𝑥 – 𝑒−𝑥)[ 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥]′ – (𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥)[ 𝑒𝑥 – 𝑒−𝑥]′
y' = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2
(𝑒𝑥 – 𝑒−𝑥)( 𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥) – (𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥)(𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥)
y' = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2
(𝑒𝑥 – 𝑒−𝑥)2 – (𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥)2
y' = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2
𝑒𝑥 – 2.𝑒𝑥.𝑒−𝑥 + 𝑒−2𝑥 – ( 𝑒𝑥+ 2.𝑒𝑥.𝑒−𝑥 + 𝑒−2𝑥)
y' = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2
𝑒𝑥−2.𝑒0+ 𝑒−2𝑥− 𝑒𝑥−2.𝑒0− 𝑒−2𝑥
y' = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2 , 𝑒0 = 1
−2∗1−2∗1
y' = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2 = (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥)2 ANS.
−4

(b). Evaluate the following definite integral

Given that,
------------- 1.

𝑏 𝑏
We know that, ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Here given a = 1, b= 2
 2
I=∫ √2+1−𝑋 2 √3−𝑋 ------------ 2.
1 √3 −(2+1−𝑋) + √2+1−𝑋 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 √𝑋+ √3 −𝑋 𝑑𝑥

Now, 1 + 2
2 √𝑋 2 √3−𝑋
2I = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
√3−𝑋+ √𝑋 √𝑋+ √3 −𝑋
∫1 ∫1

2 √𝑋+ √3 −𝑋 𝑑𝑥
 2I = ∫1 √𝑋+ √3 −𝑋
2
 2I = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 2
 2I = [ X ]1
 2I = 2 – 1
 2I =
1I=1/
2
Hence, Definite integral of

= 1 /2 .

SET-II

Q. 4(a). The differential equation (2𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 can made exact by
multiplying with integrating factor 1/x2. Then find the relation between 𝑏 and 𝑐.

Solution:- Given equation,

(2𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Now,
Multiplying the differential equation by 1/x2
We get,
[ 2x2 / x2 + by2 / x2 ] dx + cxy / x2 dy = 0
[ 2 + by2 / x2 ] dx + cy/x dy = 0 After extracting
So,
dm/dy = dn/dx
implies,
 2by/x2 = -cy/x2
 2b = - c
 2b + c = 0
Therefore, the relation between b and c is
2b + c = 0.
(b). Find one fourth roots of unity.
Solution:-
4
Let, x= √1 = (1)1/4
= (cos θ + isin θ)1/4 ….. 1
Applying Demoivre’s Theorem,
(cos θ + isin θ)n = cos nθ + isin nθ
Since, eqn 1 becomes.
 (cos θ + isin θ)1/n = (cos θ/n + isin θ/n)
 (cos 2K + isin 2K)1/4
 (cos 2K/4 + isin 2K /4)
 C is K/2
For k = 0, 1, 2, 3, <4
K=0  X1 = cis 0 = 1 = 1
K=1  X1 = cis /2 = i = w
K=2  X1 = cis  = -i = w2
K=3  X4 = cis 3/2 = -i =
w3
Therefore, fourth root of unity w4 = 1
1 + w + w2 + w3 = 0
Q. 5(a). Solve the following system of equation by using the concept of matrices and
determinants.
5x + 7y + 2 = 0
4x + 6y + 3 = 0
Solution:- Given, 5x + 7y + 2 = 0
4x + 6y + 3 = 0
Equation can be written in matrix form as,

5 7 x -2
[ ][ ] = [ ]
4 6 y -3
Here,
5 7 x -2
A=[ ] , X = [ ], B = [ ]
4 6 y -3
Now,
5 7
|A|=| |
4 6
= ( 5 * 6) – ( 4 * 7 )
= 30 – 28
=2
|A| ≠ 0
 The given equation has unique
solution i.e., x = A-1 B.
Let,
Cij be a factor of the element aij in
A = [ aij ]. Then,
C11 = (- 1 )1 + 1 ( 6 ) = 6
C12 = (- 1 )1 + 2 ( 4 ) = -4
C21 = (- 1 )2 + 1 ( 7 ) = -7
C22 = ( - 1 )2+2 ( 5 ) = 5
6 -4 T 6 -7
adj A = [ ] =[
]
Now, -7 5 -4 5
1
A-1 =
|A|
[ adj
A]
1 6 -7
= 2 [-4 5 ]
Substituting the values,
 X = A-1 B
1 6 -7 -2
X= [ ][ ]
2 -4 5 -3
 1 -12 +21
 X=2[ 8 -15 ]
 9
X=
1
[ ]
2 -7
X=[ -7
9 / 2 ]
2
Since,
x
X=[ ]
y
x 9
[ ] = [ / -7
y 2 2 ]
Therefore,
9 -7
X= ,y=
2 2
(b). Find whether the following series are convergent or divergent
√1/4 + √2/6 + √3/8 + ……..
Given,
√1/4 + √2/6 + √3/8 + ……..
√1/4 = 1/√4 .̈ root of 1 is 1
= 1/2 = 0.5

√2/6 = √1/3 = 1√3 . root of 1 is 1

1/√3 = 1/√3 * √3 /√3 …… Multiply by √3
= √3/3
√3/8 = √3/4 ∗ 2 = √3/ 2√2
Therefore,
√1/4 + √2/6 + √3/8 = 1/2 + √3/3 + √3/ 2√2
Since the value is not zero,
The given series is convergent.

Q. 6(a). Bag I contain 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contain 4 red and 5 black balls. One
ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn
is found to be red. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.
Solution:- Given that,
Bag I contain 3 red and 4 black balls.
Bag II contain 4 red and 5 black balls.
Let, E1 , E2, E3, E be event such that,
E1 : Both transferred balls from bag I to bag II are red.
E2 : Both transferred balls from bag I to bag II are black.
E3 : 1 red ball and 1 black ball transferred from bag I to bag II .
E : Drawing a red ball from bag II.
7!
Now, P(E1) = 3C2 / 7C2 =
/ 2!(7-2)! ……. Using formula nCr = n! / r!(n-r)!
3!
2!(3-2)!
= 3! * 5! * 2! / 7! * 2! * 1!
= 3! * 5! * 2! / ( 7 * 6 * 5! ) * 2!
 P(E1) = 1/7
P(E2) = 4C2 / 7C2 = 4!
7!
/ 2!(7-2)!
2!(4-2)!
= 4! * 5! * 2! / 2! * 2! * ( 7*6 *5!)
 P(E2) = 2/7
P(E3) = 3C1 * 4C1 / 7C2 = 12 / 7!
…… (nC1 = 1)
2!(7-2)!
= 12 * 5! * 2! / 7 * 6 * 5!
  P(E3) = 4/7
Two balls are transferred from a bag I to bag II thus, total no of balls in bag II will be 11.
 P(E/E1) : where to balls are added to bag II are red.
  total no of red balls in bag II will be 4 + 2 = 6
 P(E/E1) = 6/11
Similarly,
 P(E/E2) = 4/11
P(E/E3) : one of the ball transferred is red
 total no of red balls in bag II is 4+1 = 5
 P(E/E3) = 5/11
Using bayes theorem,
We get, P(H/E) = P(E/H) / P(E)
We have,
P(E2/E) = P(E/E2) P(E2)/ P(E/E1) P(E1) + P(E/E2) P(E/E2)+ P(E/E3) P(E3)
= 4/11 * 2/7 / 6/11 * 1/7 + 4/11 * 2/7 + 5/11 * 4/7
= 8/77 / 44/77
= 8/77 * 77/44
= 2/11
(b). The daily earning of a vendor for a period of 40 days are given below

Daily earning 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180

(Rs.)
No. of days 3 8 9 12 5 4 2
Calculate Standard Deviation and coefficient of variation.
Classes x f fx 𝒙 𝑥-𝑥 (𝑥 - 𝑥 )2 f(x-𝑥)2
118-126 122 3 366 145.9 -23.9 571.21 1713.68
127-135 131 8 1048 145.9 -14.9 222.01 1776.08
136-144 140 9 1260 145.9 -5.9 34.81 313.29
145-153 149 12 1788 145.9 +3.1 9.61 115.32
154-162 158 5 790 145.9 +12.1 146.41 732.05
163-171 167 4 668 145.9 +21.1 445.21 1780.84
172-180 176 2 352 145.9 +30.1 906.01 1812.02
∑ f = 43 ∑ fx = 6272 ∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝑥 )2 = 8243.23
∑ fx 6272
Mean = 𝑥 = = = 145.86
∑f 43
 𝑥 = 145.9
∑ 𝒇(𝒙−𝑥)2 8243.23 8243.23
Variance = (∑ 𝒇)−1
=
43 -1 42
=
  = 196.26
Now, standard deviation = √variance = √196.26
 SD = 14.01
Coefficient of variation = ( Standard deviation ) * 100
14.01 Mean ( 𝑥 )
=( ) * 100 = 0.09602 * 100
145.9
 CV = 9.6