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Critical Speed of Shaft
Critical Speed of Shaft
▲Critical speed of a rotating shaft the speed where it becomes dynamically unstable.
▲ The frequency of free vibration of a non-rotating shaft is the same as its critical speed.
▲ The shaft, because of its own mass, has a critical speed. The ensemble of attachments to a
shaft likewise has a critical speed that is much lower than the shaft’s intrinsic critical speed.
For a shaft of uniform diameter, simply
supported, critical speed of the shaft will be:
where
Fi = the weighs attached wi or
the centrifugal forces miω2yi
Critical speed of the shaft
To avoid the trivial solution y1 = y2 = y3 = 0, the determinant of the
coefficients of y1, y2, and y3 must be zero (eigenvalue problem)
The three roots of eq. can be expressed as 1/ω12 , 1/ω22 , and 1/ω32 and can be written in the
form:
Critical speed of the shaft
If we had only a single mass m1 alone, the critical speed would be given by:
If we order the critical speeds such that ω1 < ω2 < ω3, then 1/ω12 ≫ 1/ω22 , and 1/ω32
Dunkerley’s equation
Critical speed of the shaft
No loads appearing in the Dunkerley’s equation, it follows that if each load could be
placed at some convenient location transformed into an equivalent load, then the critical
speed of an array of loads could be found by summing the equivalent loads, all placed at
a single convenient location. For the load at station 1, placed at the center of span,
denoted with the subscript c, the equivalent load is found from: