PRE - CALCULUS

ELLIPSE
Mr. Kenjie De Lumban
Teacher
 DEFINITION OF ELLIPSE
An ellipse is determined by a constant
and two fixed point, each called focus point.
It is formed when a cone is intersected
by a plane at an angle with respect to its
𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐
base. It has two focal points.
𝑪

Reminders:
𝑎 > 𝑏 > 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏² 𝑠𝑜 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐²
 PARTS OF THE ELLIPSE
• The line pass through the foci of an ellipse is called the
Principal Axis.
• Two points on the principal axis are called vertices and the line
𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔
segment joining them is called Major Axis. 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎
𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
• The line segment through the center perpendicular to the
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙
principal axis and with end points of ellipse is called Minor 𝒂
𝒃
Axis.
• 𝒂 → is the distance from the center to the vertex. 𝟐𝒂 is the 𝑭𝟏 𝑪 𝑭𝟐
distance of Major axis 𝒄
• 𝒃 → is the distance from the center to the co-vertex. 𝟐𝒃 is the
Principal Major
distance of Minor Axis 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔

• 𝒄 → is the focal distance. 𝟐𝒄 is the distance of the two focus 𝑪𝒐 − 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙

(foci).
𝒃²
• Latus Rectum :
𝒂
 STANDARD EQUATION OF ELLIPSE CENTER AT ORIGIN (0,0)
Major axis is Horizontal Major axis is Vertical
𝑥² 𝑦² 𝑥² 𝑦²
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙

+ =1 + =1 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔
𝑎² 𝑏² 𝑏² 𝑎² 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎
𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔
𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝑭𝟏
𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒂
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙
𝒂
𝒃 𝑪𝒐 − 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝑪

𝑭𝟏 𝑪 𝑭𝟐

𝒄 𝒃 𝒄
Principal Major
𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝑭𝟐
𝑪𝒐 − 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙
Principal Major
𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
STANDARD EQUATION OF ELLIPSE CENTER AT ORIGIN (H,K)
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙

Major axis is Vertical

𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔
𝑭𝟏 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎 (𝑥 − ℎ)² (𝑦 − 𝑘)²
𝒂
+ =1
𝑏² 𝑎²
𝑪𝒐 − 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝑪

𝒃 𝒄

𝑭𝟐

Principal Major
𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
STANDARD EQUATION OF ELLIPSE CENTER AT ORIGIN (H,K)

𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔
Major axis is Horizontal
𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎
𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 (𝑥 − ℎ)² 𝑦−𝑘 ²
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙 + =1
𝒃
𝒂 𝑎² 𝑏²

𝑭𝟏 𝑪 𝑭𝟐

Principal
𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 Major
𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝑪𝒐 − 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒙
GENERAL EQUATION OF THE ELLIPSE
General Form:
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0

Example #1:
(𝑥 + 3)² (𝑦 − 1)² (𝑥 + 3)² (𝑦 − 1)²
+ =1 + = 1 100
25 4 25 4
• To transform the general form. 1st
4(𝑥 + 3)² + 25(𝑦 − 1)² = 100
find the LCD of the denominator.
4 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 25 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 100
(𝑥 + 3)² (𝑦 − 1)² 4𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 36 + 25𝑦 2 − 50𝑦 + 25 − 100 = 0
+ = 1; 𝐿𝐶𝐷 = 100
25 4 • Combine all whole numbers.
• Multiply the both side by the LCD. 4𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 25𝑦 2 − 50𝑦 − 39 = 0 Ans.
GENERAL EQUATION OF THE ELLIPSE
Example #2
𝑥² (𝑦 − 2)² 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 12 = 0 Ans.
+ =1
4 16
Solution
LCD is 16 since it is also a
multiple of 4.
𝑥² (𝑦 − 2)²
+ = 1 16
4 16
4(𝑥)² + (𝑦 − 2)² = 16
4𝑥² + (𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 16
4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 4 − 16 = 0
EXERCISES
A. Find the length of the Major and Minor Axis, Foci. Graph the Ellipse.
(𝑥+3)² 𝑦²
1. 36
+
64
=1

(𝑥−6)² (𝑦−3)²
2. 144
+ 81 =1

B. Transform the standard equation of the Ellipse to General Form.

(𝑥+5)² (𝑦−5)²
1. 9
+ 16
=1

(𝑥−9)² (𝑦−4)²
2. 9
+ 27 =1