Jadelyn Santiso 11-ABM B

Terminologies

LESSON 1

1. Philosophy - the systematic and critical examination of fundamental questions about the nature of reality,
knowledge, morality, existence, and the meaning of life; "love of wisdom”.
2. Logos - everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan
3. “Limit situations" - philosophy helps us navigate challenging experiences
4. Framework - A way of thinking about the world and is composed of views and beliefs of a person. -Abella,
2016
5. Examination of Knowledge - The central principle in philosophy is examination and questioning, and this is
often applied in the analysis of the frameworks of other areas of science.
6. Discipline - the pursuit of wisdom through the critical investigation of the nature, causes, or foundations of
reality, knowledge, or values, rather than relying purely on empirical investigation.
7. Logic - the art of thinking.
8. Deductive Reasoning - From a GENERAL truth to a SPECIFIC truth; From a universal truth to particular.
9. Inductive Reasoning - From a SPECIFIC truth to a GENERAL truth; From a particular truth to universal.
10. Epistemology - the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope.
11. Rational School - The main source of Knowledge is deductive reasoning. based on self-evident, principles or
actions.
12. Empirical School - The source of knowledge is sense-perception.
13. Metaphysics - META – beyond; PHYSIKON – Nature.
14. Aesthetic - “AESTHETIKOS” Perceptive of things.
15. holistic thinking - often described as looking at the "big picture" when describing and analyzing a situation or
problem.
16. partial thinking - focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
17. holistic perspective - can enable a person to step back and consider the general aspects of a certain
problem.
18. Wisdom - is one intended product of philosophizing, and this refers to a person's ability to apply knowledge to
daily life particularly in making sound choices and judgment.
19. Self-knowledge - refers to knowledge of one's own mental states, processes, and dispositions.
20. Reflection - requires a person to be willing to examine one's thoughts, feelings, and actions and to learn more
about one's life and experiences.

LESSON 2

1. Philosophizing - is to think or express oneself in a philosophical manner.

2. Truth - a fact or belief that is accepted as true.
3. Knowledge - is the clear awareness and understanding of something.
4. Claims - are statements that require further examination to determine their truthfulness.
5. Opinions - statements that go beyond providing facts.
6. Conclusion - a judgement based on certain facts.
7. Beliefs - the statement that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.
8. Explanations - statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true.
9. Arguments - a series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or
opinion is truthful
10. Phenomenology Method - is the study of “phenomena”: appearances of things, or things as they appear in
our experience, or the ways we experience things, thus the meanings things have in our experience
11. Socratic Method - also know by greek term elechus that means "to inquire or to cross-examine" is an
exchange of ideas using socratic questioning
12. Historical Method - the process of gathering evidences, examining them, and formulating ideas about the
past to come up with present truths.
13. Critical Thinking - is the process of using and assessing reasons to evaluate statements, assumptions, and
arguments in ordinary situations.
14. Dialectic Method - the method of discussion that refers to coming up with answers through the medium of the
logical and reasonable discourse of arguments, keeping in mind that no disrespectful arguments are made
15. Arguments - often take the form of statements that are either claims of facts and are phrased in such a way
that they seem reasonable.
16. ad hominem - attacking the person presenting the argument instead of the argument itself.
17. appeal to force - using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument.
18. appeal to emotion - using emotions such as pity or sympathy.
19. appeal to the popular - the idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it.
20. appeal to tradition - the idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time.

LESSON 3

1. Man – the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race.
2. Human – refers to man as a species “Homo Sapiens or Modern Human Beings
3. Human being – is also used to distinguish man from other animals.
4. Person – refers to human being granted recognition of certain rights protection, responsibilities, and dignity,
above all. Philosophers refer to human person as the totality of an individual prossesing
5. Personhood – state of being person
6. Human natures – refers to rhe characteristics that distinguish humans from all the other creatures.
7. Self-awareness – refers to the person having clear perception of oneself, including his/her own thoughts,
emotions, identity, and actions
8. The human person is defined by a deeper awareness which is driven by RATIONALITY or human thought.
9. Interiority – is the quality of being focused on one’s inner life and identity.
10 S lf d t i ti f t bilit f t k h i dd i i b th i
10. Self-determination – refers to capability of persons to make choices and decisions base on their own
preferences, monitor and regulate their action, and be goal-oriented, and self- directed.
11. Free will – enebles us to do actions whenever we want to and make self- determination.
12. Consequence – is the result or effect of an action or condition.
13. Morality- the goodness or badness of an act.
14. Externality – the capability to reach out and interect with others.
15. Dignity – the innate right to be valued and respected.
16. Field of view - The human eye’s field of view refers to the extent of the observable world that can be seen at
any given moment without moving the eyes.
17. Blind spot - The human blind spot refers to the small area in the retina of the eye where the optic nerve
exits and there are no light-sensitive cells.
18. Fly - Humans can’t naturally fly because our bodies lack the physical adaptations found in flying creatures,
such as birds.
19. Transcendence - the ability to surpass limits is called transcendence, and it is also one important trait that
distinguishes the human person from other beings in existence.
20. POSSIBILITIES OF HUMAN OF PERSON - The possibilities of a human is in the scale of what they can
grasp by each period and civilization they grow.

LESSON 4

1. Environment - a sum total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects that influence human life.
2. Environmental philosophy - is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings
with the environment and its non-human contents.
3. Environmental philosophers - tackle issues such as humanity's role in the natural world, the interaction
between nature and human activities, and humanity's response to environmental challenges.
4. Deep Ecology - Emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature and the interconnectedness of all living beings,
advocating for a fundamental shift in human values and lifestyles to promote ecological sustainability.
5. Eco-centrism - Posits that nature has intrinsic value and rights that should be respected, regardless of its
utility to humans.
6. Anthropocentrism - Focuses on human interests and welfare as central, but can range from strong (humans
are the only moral agents) to weak (considering non-human interests as well).
7. Biocentrism - Extends moral consideration to all living entities, not just humans, and often includes a
consideration of ecosystems as a whole.
8. Ecofeminism - Examines the intersection of gender and environmental issues, highlighting connections
between the subjugation of women and the exploitation of nature.
9. Social Ecology - Stresses the importance of addressing social and ecological issues together, seeing them
as interdependent.
10. Environmental Aesthetic - is one philosophical view that believes maintaining order in the environment will
bring out the natural beauty of the surroundings and contribute to the well-being of the people and other
organisms living in it. The appreciation of natural beauty brings
11. Environmentalism - perspective advocates to address the growing environmental problems.
12. Environmental ethics - serves as a basis for reflecting on how our actions show our regard for nature.
13. Climate ethics - focuses on the impact of climate change will have on human life and well being
14. Climate Justice - promotes an urgent action needed to prevent climate change must be based on community
15. Sustainability - This concept focuses on reconciling human activities and economic development with the
protection of the environment.
16. Environmental Integrity – refer to maintaining the state of environment.
17. Economic Efficiency - refers to prudence in decision-making regarding the use of resources to ensure that
there is minimum to zero waste.
18. Equity - demands that we use our natural resources in such a manner that these are conserved so that the
next generation will be able to use them.
19. Prudence - is the ability to regulate one’s action and behavior.
20. Frugality - is being thrifty with the use of one’s resources.