INTRODUCTION

TO MARITIME
SAFETY
LESSON 2:
MINIMIZING THE RISK OF FIRE,
MAINTAINING READINESS TO
RESPOND TO FIRE EMERGENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 NATURE
02
FLAMMABLE
MATERIALS AND
OF FIRE FIRE HAZARD

GENERAL FIRE
03 SAFETY
PRACTICES
04 EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS
01
NATURE OF FIRE
Identify the conditions required for fire to
occur and describe the classes of fire
Fire Tetrahedron
OXYGEN
Despite 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere being made up of
oxygen, this small amount is just enough to both ignite a fire
and sustain it, should the other two elements be present, too.

HEAT
As a combustible material succumbs to a fire, heat will be
naturally produced.

FUEL
Fuel is any kind of combustible material. It’s characterized
by its moisture content, size, shape, quantity and the
arrangement in which it is spread over the landscape.

CHEMICAL REACTION
Chemical reaction caused by the combustion creates
more heat, which releases more fuel vapor, which then
combusts through a reaction with the fuel
CLASSES OF FIRE

CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS K

these are these are these are these are these are
fires that fires that fires that fires that fires that
involve involve involve involve involve
solid liquids, like flammable metals, like cooking oils
materials oils, petrol or gases, such aluminium, and fats,
like paper, diesel as propane, magnesium, such as in
wood or butane or titanium or deep-fat
textiles methane swarf fryers
02
FLAMMABLE
MATERIALS AND
FIRE HAZARDS
Define, identify, and describe flammable
materials and fire hazards
FIRE HAZARD
Fire hazards are workplace hazards that
either involve the presence of flame,
increase the probability that an
uncontrolled fire will occur, or increase
the severity of a fire should one occur.
KINDS OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

FUELS LUBRICANTS PAINTS SOLVENTS

ELECTRICAL SOLID
GASES
APPLIANCES WASTE
FACTORS THAT COULD LEAD TO FIRE

PRESENCE OF PRESENCE OF PRESENCE OF

FLAMMABLE
MATERIALS
This includes anything that
can easily ignite and burn,
such as fuel, oil, gasoline,
paint, and solvents.
IGNITION
SOURCE
This includes anything that
can produce a spark or flame,
such as a lit cigarette, a faulty
electrical appliance, or a
welding torch.
OXYGEN
Oxygen is essential for fire to
occur. If there is no oxygen, a
fire will not be able to start or
spread.
03
GENERAL
SAFETY
PRACTICES
Discuss general safety practices that will
prevent the occurence of fire
 FIRE PREVENTION
onboard ships
1 2 3
Good housekeeping is Smoking regulations are Private electrical equipment
essential in all areas of to be strictly observed re only to be used if the
the ship equipment is type approved

4 5 6
Clothes and other Electrical appliances should All rags, especially wet or
flammable materials must be turned off when not in oily ones, are to be safely
be kept clear of radiators, hot use disposed of immediately
equipment and systems after use.
7 8 9
All other flammable On moving around the Correct maintenance of
working materials such as vessel, particularly during machinery and all other
chemicals and gases are to safety rounds, be on the equipment
be stowed lookout for signs of possible
fire hazards
 “Vigilance and good
management of your
premises will reduce the risk
of fire”

VIGILANCE
the action or state of keeping
careful watch for possible
danger or difficulties.
EMERGENCY ESCAPE ROUTES
Escape routes should be kept clear of all obstructions.
Generally, escape routes should be at least one metre
wide. The escape route should lead to a place of safety,
normally outside and away from the building. Doors on
escape routes must always be available for use without
the use of a key.

All premises should have an escape plan that clearly

identifies the action that employees and others should
take in the event of a fire. This may include duties for
employees to check areas are clear, close doors and
assist others.
04
FIRE
EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS
Explain the steps upon discovery of fire
What to do when there is Fire
Pull the fire alarm
and call for help
This will make everyone
within the vicinity
informed of the fire.
Close doors to
confine the fire.
Confining the fire would
help not spread the fire and
cause no further damage.
Don’t panic.
While evacuating, don’t
panic to avoid stampedes
and further accidents.
Go to your designated
assembly area, away and
upwind from the building.
Account everyone upon going
to evacuation to ensure if there
are people left in the affected
area.
Alert people in the area to
begin evacuation. Assist
those with disabilities.
Prioritize the disabled,
pregnant women, and
children when evacuating.
Have people who know about the
nature and location of the fire
assist emergency personnel
when they arrive.
Don’t act to the scene if you
aren’t trained to respond
towards fire accidents.
TYPES OF FIRE-FIGHTING AGENTS
Water Carbon Dry Wet
and Foam Dioxide Chemical Chemical
extinguish the fire extinguishes the fire
extinguish the fire extinguish fire by
primarily by by removing the
by taking away the taking away the
interrupting the heat of the fire
heat element of oxygen element of triangle and prevents
chemical reaction
the fire triangle the fire triangle re-ignition
of the fire triangle

Clean Dry Water

Cartridge
Agent Powder Mist
include the halon extinguish the fire
extinguish the fire
agents as well as alternative to the primarily by
by separating the
the newer and less clean agent interrupting the
fuel from the
ozone depleting extinguishers chemical reaction
oxygen
halocarbon agents of the fire triangle
EXTINGUISHING PRINCIPLES
COOLING
The burning material is
cooled below its ignition
temperature, usually using
water in spray form. (Generally
Class A Fires)
REMOVAL OF FUEL
By physically turning off the
liquid fuel supply or
removing the combustible
material.
SMOTHERING
Oxygen is excluded from the
burning material usually by
using foam, CO2 or Dry Powder.
(Generally Class B fires or major
machinery space and major
cargo space fires).
DISRUPTING THE
CHEMICAL REACTION
By using extinguishing
gases such as Halons,
(BCF/BTM).
FIRE BLANKET
used to extinguish a small fire or to wrap
around a person in case of a fire
WATER
Used to extinguish fire using water
SAND
Also used to extinguish fire
P.A.S.S Procedure in Fire Extinguisher

P
PULL
Pull pin at the top of the extinguisher, breaking the seal.

A AIM
Aim the nozzle or outlet towards the base of the fire.

S SQUEEZE
Squeeze the handles together to discharge the
extinguishing agent inside.

S SWEEP
Sweep the nozzle from side to side as you approach the
fire, directing the extinguishing agent at the base of the
flames.
THANKS!
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