NURS FPX 6616 Assessment 2 Summary Report On Rural Health Care and Affordable Solutions

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Assessment 2: Summary Report on Rural Health Care And Affordable Solutions
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Student Name
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Capella University
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Course Name
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Nov 8, 2023
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Summary Report on Rural Health Care and Affordable Solutions
The paper aims to analyze the presence of inter-professional team providers and resources
available in Potter County, Pennsylvania, to address the high mortality rates due to over-dose of
opium. This paper will assist in understanding the cultural competencies that the team needs to
address in evidence-based data support. Moreover, ethical considerations are required keeping
in mind legal issues in the organizational step.
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Specific Population Needs and Community
Potter County has less than 17 thousand people, and non-Hispanic whites are the vast majority,
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making up 97% of the population (Pew Research Center, 2018). Pew Research shows that 22%
of the population is more than 65 years of age. Also, 14% of the population falls in the poverty
line category. The health issue prevailing in this country is opium use disorder (OUD). For the
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last two decades, the OUD has been extremely high. The need of this community is backed by
international literature using access to medication treatment and reversal medications for opioid
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overdose. Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network (ODIN) analyzed drug overdose
incidents. The age range of the victims is 20-39 (Barboza & Angulski, 2020).
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The possible factors leading to drug overdose medications are poverty, illiteracy, and resources
available. The opioid is used in different patterns like prescription drugs, injections, for pain, and
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in combination with other pain-related medications. There are two categories of reasons:
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consumer-based and provider-based in terms of accessibility, availability, and acceptability.

These issues include the unavailability of clinics, physicians, or mediation treatments in the
area. The studies show that more availability increases the utilization of treatments as well.
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Consumer-based accessibility related to far-off areas to access medication services surprisingly,

younger people face more difficulty than older people. The acceptability issue includes
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hesitation and dissatisfaction with medication treatment.

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The provider-based availability issue includes a lack of qualified personnel and infrastructure;
acceptability issues include lack of time or time; acceptability issues include self-doubts, lack of
confidence, and interest in providing medication services. So, overall, the prevailing issue is due
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to multiple factors that need to be taken care of through reverse opioid overdose medication and
improving access to medication as well.
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Current Available Inter-professional Team Providers and
Resources
Avera Gettysburg Hospital is a Potter County hospital that aims to provide an interdisciplinary
team. It combines expert specialists, primary care providers, sophisticated technology, and
cutting-edge research. It has conducted a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) that
gave information about the state and made it addressed consumer and provider-based barriers.
The Hospital addressed the community’s needs by expanding its services and included wellness
programs for lifestyle changes like biking and walking tracks. It also improves hospice services
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and home care services.
The current resources, including remote health services, awareness, and changes at all levels,
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enhance health and medication services. Healthcare outcomes have been improved, supported
by Inter-professional Education and Collaborative Practice (IPECP). IPECP assists in
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collaboration with different healthcare providers to learn and support better outcomes (Martin et
al., 2021).
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The interventions for opioid overdose are carried out at micro, meso, and macro levels (Qudah
et al., 2022). At a micro level, the change in the attitude of consumers and providers is
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developed through education, awareness, and training. This way, they could change their
attitude, creating a barrier in opioid medication for non-Hispanic whites. Self-confidence, skills,
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and positive habits are developed at the micro level. At the meso level, the resources are
utilized through psychosocial changes; recovery coaches and behavioral health centers are
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integrated onsite and remotely. Rehab facilities and timely access through technology
integration are also part of the intervention. At the macro level, policies, regulations, and FDA
oversight assisted in positive results. Overall, the base interventions use alternative therapies
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and medication for opioid use disorder.

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Areas of Cultural Competency the Team Must Address

The interdisciplinary team itself is not culturally the same, and the communities they address
also have people from different cultures. Nurses must develop cultural competency skills that
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can help minimize barriers at the end of providers at least. Cultural competencies mean
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respecting and acknowledging the differences in values and choices of a specific community.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) develops CLAS (national standards
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for culturally and linguistically appropriate services in health care) in this regard (Hilty et al.,
2020).
In this case, non-Hispanic whites are in the majority, so a team should be aware of the practices
and beliefs that impact their living style and choice patterns. Self-medication, injecting opium
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and heroin, and accidental wrong mediations have led to deaths. The team should be well
educated about the cultural elements to let county people communicate properly. The
competencies of language skills and value understanding will enable the team to develop
patient-centered and customized health plans. Eventually, the practices will lead to the root
cause of opioid use disorder and switch them through psychosocial interventions and medical
care.
Technology-Based Outreach Strategies
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The technology-based strategies were included to address the issues of availability and
accessibility of both consumers and providers. As the lack of infrastructure and lack of qualified
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specialists were barriers to provider-based services, technology assists in bridging the gap
effectively. The consumer-based barriers included the long distances, unavailability of
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medications, and primary care physicians or specialists. It all led to the adverse rates of opioid
overdose. There are less than 10% of physicians in rural counties in the USA, so the best
solution is the collaboration of interdisciplinary teams through technology.
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Telehealth and telemedicine are the most important strategies of this study (Butzner & Cuffee,
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2021). It will enable healthcare providers and consumers through mobile and digital health
solutions. Multiple diagnoses can be done via video conference or electronic medical record.
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The wearable devices and sensors can help cater to the older adults of Potter County. Remote
monitoring is extremely helpful in providing care to disabled and pregnant women in the
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community.
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Possible Telehealth Legal Issues

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Potter County needs to be a better-established urban community that is well aware of the
technology integration so that legal issues can be generated at the providers’ end. The
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importance of Telehealth services is known to many, but old county members and less educated
can doubt the services. In addition, the availability issue arises again when access to a
computer and the internet is mentioned. Few legal issues are generated with the ill practice of
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Telehealth services (Panter, 2021). First is licensing, physicians are licensed to work in a
particular state, but Telehealth is beyond the boundary, so it is mandatory to check the patient’s
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state to avoid legal repercussions.

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Patient-physician relations must develop first at in-person meetings to better provide and
consume the services because face-to-face consultation is still the golden standard.
Tele-prescribing is another legal issue as it is not allowed to prescribe a controlled drug without
in-person checkups. Fraud and abuse are also possible if state and federal regulations are not
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followed properly. Lastly, privacy and confidentiality can lead to legal issues if a data breach
occurs.
Continuation of Ethical Care in the System

Potter County people are adversely affected by availability, accessibility, and acceptability
concerns. The huge number of opioid-related deaths and prevailing opioid use disorder has led
to this chance to improve the health of non-Hispanic whites. Telehealth and telemedicine solve
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the issues of availability and accessibility concerns easily. However, ethical norms are planned
to be prioritized in the care system for opioid victims. The four principles of ethics, which include
autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, are standards of the interdisciplinary
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team. These services aim to involve patients in an autonomous treatment plan ethically. Their
consent for recording, saving, and sharing information among interdisciplinary teams is
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necessary (Solimini et al., 2021).
Similarly, to save disabled, low-income, pregnant women from traveling long distances,
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Telehealth services benefit them and save them from potential financial or health-related harm.
The right to Affordable care is universal, and the Potter County community is no different. So,
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Telehealth is a resource available and accessible to everyone for their benefit.
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Conclusion
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Potter County is in Pennsylvania, where non-Hispanic whites are in the majority and suffer from
opioid use disorder in great numbers. The county is less in population, and the literacy rate is
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down. Many older adults are part of the community and have a significant poverty line
population. The issues are accessibility, availability, and acceptability at both ends: consumer
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and provider. The interdisciplinary team of Arena Hospital consists of primary care, specialists,
and technology integration techniques to improve the psychosocial life of people as well.
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Cultural competencies are a must for the team to improve healthcare outcomes. In addition to
that, Telehealth strategies have been added, but it has legal issues like licensing, relationship,
fraud/abuse, teleprescribing, and confidentiality. However, the team aims to continue Telehealth
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services keeping ethical principles in vision.

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References
Barboza, G. E., & Angulski, K. (2020). A descriptive study of racial and ethnic differences of
drug overdoses and naloxone administration in Pennsylvania. International Journal of Drug
Policy, 78, 102718.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102718
Butzner, M., & Cuffee, Y. (2021). Telehealth interventions and outcomes across rural
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communities in the United States: Narrative review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8),
e29575.
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https://doi.org/10.2196/29575
Hilty, D. M., Gentry, M. T., McKean, A. J., Cowan, K. E., Lim, R. F., & Lu, F. G. (2020). Telehealth
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for diverse rural populations: Telebehavioral and cultural competencies, clinical outcomes and
administrative approaches. MHealth, 6(6), 20–20. https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2019.10.04
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Martin, P., Pighills, A., Burge, V., Argus, G., & Sinclair, L. (2021). Promoting interprofessional
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education and collaborative practice in rural health settings: Learnings from a state-wide
multi-methods study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
18(10), 5162.
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105162
Opioid Epidemic. (2019). Department of Health.

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https://www.health.pa.gov/topics/disease/Opioids/Pages/Opioids.aspx
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Panter, M. (2021, January 25). Potential Legal Implications of Telemedicine and Telehealth. Law
Technology Today.
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https://www.lawtechnologytoday.org/2021/01/implications-of-telemedicine-and-telehealth/
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Pew Research Center. (2018, May 22). Demographic and economic trends in urban, suburban,
and rural communities. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project.
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https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/05/22/demographic-and-economic-trends-in-ur
ban-suburban-and-rural-communities/
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Qudah, B., Maurer, M. A., Mott, D. A., & Chui, M. A. (2022). Discordance in addressing opioid
crisis in rural communities: Patient and provider perspectives. Pharmacy, 10(4), 91.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10040091
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Solimini, R., Busardò, F. P., Gibelli, F., Sirignano, A., & Ricci, G. (2021). Ethical and legal
challenges of telemedicine in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicina, 57(12), 1314.
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121314
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Assessment 2: Summary Report on Rural Health Care And Affordable Solutions

consumer-based and provider-based in terms of accessibility, availability, and acceptability.

Consumer-based accessibility related to far-off areas to access medication services surprisingly,

hesitation and dissatisfaction with medication treatment.

and medication for opioid use disorder.

Areas of Cultural Competency the Team Must Address

Technology-Based Outreach Strategies

Possible Telehealth Legal Issues

state to avoid legal repercussions.

Continuation of Ethical Care in the System

services keeping ethical principles in vision.

Opioid Epidemic. (2019). Department of Health.

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