Field To Finish AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009

NYSAPLS 2009 Annual Conference
“Field to Finish” Using AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009

Speaker Jerry Bartels – Autodesk
How long does it take you to turn your field data into "useable" Civil data? In other words, are your lines and
symbology created for you automatically when you import your field data, or are you spending lots of time
playing "connect the dots"? Join Jerry Bartels of Autodesk as he demonstrates how to accomplish "Field to
Finish" using AutoCAD® Civil 3D® 2009.
About the Speaker:

Jerry is a civil engineering technical specialist for Autodesk. For more than 18 years, Jerry has worked in all
areas of civil engineering, surveying, and mapping, providing clients with services in CAD management,
implementation and network administration. He also has 10+ years of experience teaching Autodesk products
and developing curriculum at Elgin Community College in Illinois. At Autodesk, Jerry specializes in civil
engineering and mapping solutions, and currently provides pre-sales, training and support services
throughout the country. He has received several awards from Autodesk for his presentations.
jerry.bartels@autodesk.com
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Introduction…
During this 4 hour session, we will discuss as well as demonstrate the concept of “Field to
Finish”. Before we begin, we must first understand what “Field to Finish” actually means.
Our definition of “Field to Finish” is the ability to create “Near Production Ready” drawings
solely as a result of how the data is collected in the field. In other words, your line work
and symbology is automatically drawn for you based on how the data is captured. No more
connect the dots!!
The concept of “Field to Finish” is not new. In fact, “Field to Finish” techniques have been
around for almost 20 years. (Back in the D.C.A. days ☺ ) As software has evolved over
time, our abilities to leverage “Field to Finish” have become easier and easier.
Unfortunately, to date, only a modest number of firms have embraced “Field to Finish”.
This is primarily due to several misconceptions. The most popular ones are that “Field to
Finish” is difficult to learn and even more difficult to implement. One of my favorites is the
notion that “I’m not going to spend 50% more time in the field just to make the CAD
person’s job easier!”
Our goal today is to dispel these misconceptions as well as others regarding “Field to
Finish”. Essentially, if you are willing to invest an additional 5% more effort in the field
when collecting your data, you too can easily master “Field to Finish”. In doing so, you will
greatly increase your productively as well as significantly reduce the amount of time it takes
you to complete a project. There are few things where such a small investment can make
such a huge impact!
After attending this class, participants:

• will learn the components and procedures
required to utilize “Field to Finish”
• will have witnessed Survey equipment

working directly with AutoCAD Civil 3D
• will learn how to leverage “Field to Finish”

when using AutoCAD Civil or AutoCAD
Civil 3D
• will understand the business benefits of

collecting field data in a way that line
work and symbology are created
automatically.
I’m sure you would agree that we could spend the entire 4 hour session on any one of the
objectives listed above. Knowing this, our discussion will be more usage oriented rather
than detail oriented. In other words, we will focus our attention on using the tools rather
than concentrating on everything the tools can do. In doing so, we will focus primarily on
the information necessary to understand the concepts and get you up to speed quickly.
Let’s get started!!
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Software:
The software we will be using for today’s session is AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009. My intention is
that all of the techniques described during our time together will be applicable to both
AutoCAD Civil and AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009. If we stray into any area where this may not be
the case I will be sure to note it. Having said this, the terms Civil 3D and Civil should be
considered synonymous.
Links providing additional information are below:

AutoCAD Civil 3D: www.autodesk.com/civil3d
AutoCAD Civil: www.autodesk.com/civil
Hardware:
At the time of this writing, the survey hardware we intend to use will be a Trimble S6
Robotic total station as well as a Trimble Data Collector running Trimble’s Survey Controller
collection software. NOTE: The techniques shown today will be applicable to all survey
hardware and collection software. If you do not use Trimble equipment, the information
presented today will still be applicable to you.

Trimble S6 Robotic Total Station: www.trimble.com/trimbleS6.shtml
Trimble Survey Controller Software: www.trimble.com/tsc.shtml
Misc:
We will be connecting the data collector to our workstation using Microsoft’s Active Sync
software via. a USB connection. Most modern data collectors support this form of
connection. (Yes, connections via. COM ports are still supported. ☺) We will be using
SOTI’s Pocket controller software to display the data collector screen on the projector.

Microsoft ActiveSync:
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/en-us/help/synchronize/activesync45.mspx
SOTI Pocket Controller Software: http://www.soti.net
Goal:
At the end of the day, using the
tools just described, we will
demonstrate the workflow
necessary to successfully
accomplish the task of “Field to
Finish”. Essentially, automatically
creating the image on the right
based on the data collected on the
left.
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Field to Finish Basics: “Setup”

If we boil the act of data collection down to its simplest terms, we find that everything
collected in the field falls into one of two categories:
• Points:
These include such things as fire hydrants, ground shots, control points, inlets…
Essentially anything that can be defined with a single shot. This shot will ultimately
be represented in Civil 3D as a point object with an appropriate label and symbol.
For now, we will focus on the act of collection and leave the detailed discussion on
how symbols and labels are added for different session.
• Lines:
Anything that is not a discreet point will be part of a Line. Lines define things like
Back of Curb, Road Centerlines, Top of Bank, Overhead Electric… In most cases, the
lines that are collected are intended to be displayed in the final plot. In other cases
they are collected for the sole purpose of assisting in surface creation. (i.e. top of
bank, toe of slope, flow line…) These lines will ultimately be represented in Civil 3D
as Survey Figures that match company standards for layer, color, linetype, pen
width… Like Points, we will focus initially on the act of collection and save the
discussion of formatting for conclusion of this session.
Mission Planning:
When we collect points and lines in the field we must establish an agreed upon standard
“coding” system so that our collection process remains organized. In other words, the
Office people need to know that the Field people use the code “BC” to represent the back of
curb and the code “FH” to represent a fire hydrant.
I know what you are thinking, what could be more obvious! I only take the time to mention
this because I have been in numerous offices that attempt to manage multiple coding
“standards”. For example, “We have four crew chiefs and they all like to collect things a
little bit differently”. If you have rigid coding system and have not experienced this
situation, congratulations, you are one of the lucky ones. ☺
Fortunately, Civil 3D can accommodate multiple “Standards”. If you must use more than
one you certainly can. Having said this, countless problems can be eliminated simply by
ensuring the Office people and Field people remain on the same page by leveraging a single
coding standard.
We can establish a standard coding structure by creating a “code” for everything that will be
collected in the field. Because most Field people do not want to write a story for every point
that is collected, two or three characters should work fine. Most firms will choose an all
“Alpha” format for collection. The remaining firms standardize on an all numeric system.
Civil 3D can accommodate either format. For the purpose of today’s session we will be
using an “Alpha” format.
For example:
Points: Lines:
GS = Ground Shot BC = Back of Curb
FH = Fire Hydrant CL = Centerline
CP = Control Point SW = Sidewalk
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If you work with field collected data, I am sure this is something you are already very
familiar with. However, if you are currently not creating automatic line work, there is one
more item we need to add to your already familiar process.
Figure Commands:
Figure commands are the tools which “Connect the Dots” so to speak.
These include:
BEG = Starts a Figure Line

C3 = 3 Point Curve
MCS = Multi Point Curve Start
MCE = Multi Point Curve End
CLOSE = Closes a Figure
OFFSET = Offsets a Figure Left or Right
RECALL = Draws Figure using previously collected point
CLOSE BLD = Closes a Building
CLOSE RECT = Closes a Rectangle
Using Figure Commands, we can collect data

such that our line work is automatically
drawn for us. This includes straight lines,
arcs, reverse curves, compound curves,
closed objects… Essentially, using the
commands listed above we can automatically
create more than 95% of the lines we
encounter in the field.
Note:
This is not an all inclusive list. By
looking in the Civil 3D Help under
Figure Commands you can find a
complete list of the commands
available. Once again, our goal
today is not to cover everything
that can be done but rather what
can get you up to speed quickly.
During our session we will discuss and

demonstrate the use of the figure commands
listed above.
Using Figure Commands: “Data Collection Techniques”

How do Figure Commands work? The process is actually quite easy. Depending on your
data collection software, they will be added as either “Notes” prior to a Point being collected
or as part of the Point Description itself. During today’s session we will demonstrate both
methods. To make things simple for now, let’s look at a quick example where the Figure
commands are added to the Point descriptions.
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Let’s say our goal is to collect data to

represent the street shown on the right. At
the time we collect the data we would like to
capture it in such a way that will
automatically draw the curbs and centerline
for us later. To accomplish this we will collect
the field data using our standard field codes.
At the same time, we will incorporate one of
the Figure Commands listed on the previous
page. The command is “BEG” and it is
arguably the most important Figure Command
as it is used to define every line you collect.
We begin by taking the first shot on the south

curb. When we collect the point, we add the
Description “B BC1”. We use our standard
“BC” for Back of Curb and we add a “1” after
it. We do this to make the shots along the
South curb unique from the shots along the
North curb. We also add a “B” to the
description. (Abbreviation for BEG) By
adding the “B” the system knows we are
beginning a new Figure/Line along the south
Back of Curb.
Next, we take a shot at the road center line

and add the Description “B CL1”. The “1” is
not required. It is being added as good
practice in the event we would like to collect
additional center line Figures. Also, note that
our collection strategy is such that we are
collecting data in a traditional cross section
workflow. You are not required to collect the
points of your line one immediately after the
next. (Another misconception ☺ )
Finally, we collect the first shot on the north

curb. When we collect the point, we add the
Description “B BC2”. In doing so, we have
successfully initiated three unique
Figures/Lines.
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Now that the Figures have been initiated, we

can continue to collect using our normal
workflow. For example, when we advance
down the road and collect our next shot on
the north back of curb we will code the point
as “BC2”. Civil 3D will recognize the “BC2”
and connect the dots automatically. The
object created is a Survey Figure/Line called
BC2.
We continue by collecting the next point that

defines our Centerline. Once again, Civil 3D
recognizes the description “CL1” and
automatically creates our line work.
Finally, we collect the second point on the

South Back of Curb. Our three Survey Figures
are beginning to take shape. As we continue
to collect data, we should make sure that one
thing is clear. So long as the code assigned to
a point matches an existing Survey Figure,
Civil 3D will automatically continue the line.
We do not need any Pen Up, Pen Down,

Continue, End… commands that are required
in other software packages.
Also, we are free to collect other objects at

any time. For example, we reach a point in
our collection where it makes sense for us to
capture the fire hydrant. We need only walk
over and collect the point. At the same time,
we could easily collect additional objects such
as a mailbox or valve vault. We could even
start collecting a new Survey Figure to define
a driveway.
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After collecting our additional objects, we can

effortlessly return to our line collection by
simply collecting the next point on the south
Back of Curb and assigning it the code “BC1”.
Once again, Civil 3D will recognize the “BC1”

Description and automatically resume the
Survey Figure / Line.
As we continue our collection, we next

capture an additional point on the center line.
Like the South Back of Curb, after coding the
point as “CL1”, Civil 3D automatically
continues the CL1 Survey Figure. As we
continue to collect multiple lines, we should
also take note of the fact that there is no limit
to the number of lines that can be collected
at one time. Our example shows three but
we could easily collect 8, 10, 20 or as many
as the situation requires.
We conclude our example by collecting the

final point on the North Back of Curb.
Looking back at the process we used, other

than the “B” we used to initiate the line work
and the numbers we added to the codes to
ensure they were unique, I’m certain the rest
of the process is reminiscent of what you
currently do today.
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Using a Field Book (.FBK): “Transfer to Civil 3D”

Now that we have collected some data, we next need to discuss how to get the information
into Civil 3D. First, Civil 3D uses a Field Book (.FBK file) to automatically create line work.
The .FBK file is essentially an ASCII file which can be easily viewed (and edited) using
Notepad.exe.
Why does Autodesk use a .FBK file you ask? Simple, it is a standard format that is
independent of the hardware used to collect it. For example, I used to collect data using an
SDR 33 data collector. Data collected with an SDR 33 was viewed / manipulated using a
software package called SDR Link (Later called ProLink). There were other people in my
office that used Trimble equipment. They viewed / manipulated their data using a software
package called TGO. The problem arose in that we needed people who were proficient in
multiple packages depending on what equipment was used to collect the data.
Using Civil 3D, so long as I can convert the raw survey data into a .FBK file, I can view /
manipulate data collected via. any survey hardware. (The fact that I can do it using the
free application Notepad only makes it nicer. ☺ ) At the end of the day, whether my raw
survey data is in the format .SDR, .RW5, .JOB, .RAW, .CR5, ASCII… once converted to a
.FBK they can all be utilized in the same manner.
Let’s take a look at a quick example. If we use the survey data for the 3 survey figures we
discussed on the previous pages, we would have “RAW” data similar to the box on the left.
Note: For this example, the RAW data is in a PNEZD (Comma Delimited) format.
Converting the “RAW” data produces the .FBK in the box on the right.
1000,1979629.0133,1004375.4443,100.0000,B BC1 BEG BC1

NE SS 1000 1979629.01330 1004375.44430 100.00000 "BC1"
1001,1979642.9503,1004375.9172,100.0000,B CL1
BEG CL1
1002,1979657.1238,1004375.6808,100.0000,B BC2 NE SS 1001 1979642.95030 1004375.91720 100.00000 "CL1"
BEG BC2
1003,1979656.6515,1004417.5082,100.0000,BC2
NE SS 1002 1979657.12380 1004375.68080 100.00000 "BC2"
1004,1979643.6590,1004417.2723,100.0000,CL1 NE SS 1003 1979656.65150 1004417.50820 100.00000 "BC2"
CONT CL1
1005,1979629.0133,1004417.0359,100.0000,BC1
NE SS 1004 1979643.65900 1004417.27230 100.00000 "CL1"
1006,1979621.2175,1004450.5925,100.0000,HYD CONT BC1
NE SS 1005 1979629.01330 1004417.03590 100.00000 "BC1"
1007,1979628.5406,1004474.9325,100.0000,BC1
END
1008,1979644.6040,1004474.4602,100.0000,CL1 NE SS 1006 1979621.21750 1004450.59250 100.00000 "HYD"
1009,1979657.3601,1004474.4602,100.0000,BC2 CONT BC1

NE SS 1007 1979628.54060 1004474.93250 100.00000 "BC1"
CONT CL1
NE SS 1008 1979644.60400 1004474.46020 100.00000 "CL1"
Looking at the box on the right, we can
quickly see the Figure Command “BEG” CONT BC2
(abbreviated “B”) we added to our NE SS 1009 1979657.36010 1004474.46020 100.00000 "BC2"
description automatically added the
necessary information to our Field Book file to automate the process of creating line work.
At the same time, we can also see that CONT and END statements were automatically
added. (As we talked about before, no Pen Ups or Pen Downs required!)
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Creating the Field Book File:

If the .FBK file is the key to automatically creating our line work within Civil 3D, how do we
get one? Essentially, the RAW survey data must be converted to a .FBK. There are several
tools available to accomplish this.
Survey Data Collection Link:

The Survey Data Collection Link utility
is included in Civil 3D. This is the same
tool that was used in the Land Desktop
Survey Module. It is a derivative of the
old TDS Link application. If you have
used TDS Link in the past, it should
look extremely familiar. It addition to
being a conversion tool, it also has the
ability to connect directly to numerous
data collectors. In doing so, you can
quickly send and receive data between
Civil 3D and your Data Collector.
I used this tool to create the .FBK on

the previous page. In doing so, I was
able to convert a PNEZD file directly
into a .FBK. Think for a moment about the possibilities. By adding some Figure Commands
to an existing ASCII file we can automatically create line work!!
Hardware Vendor Utilities:

In addition to the Survey Data Collection Link utility, there are also numerous hardware
vendors who have created their own “Civil 3D” utilities. Because these tools are developed
by the hardware vendors directly, they provide the most accurate / effortless translation of
your survey data. In addition, these tools generally offer additional features. Rather than
being just a .FBK conversion tool, many also offer tools to connect to your data collector
directly, export Civil 3D object information for staking purposes, integrate with Machine
control equipment…
Several of these tools run inside of Civil 3D. Once installed, Civil 3D’s functionality is
extended to include additional menu options. Still others run outside of the Civil 3D
environment. Space does not allow me to review each and every tool available. For
additional information, please refer to the links below.
• Trimble Link: www.trimble.com/link_ts.asp
• Leica Exchange: http://www.leica-geosystems.com
• TOPCON Link: www.topconsupport.com
• Stringer Connect: (Not affiliated with a “hardware vendor” but very cool)
http://www.civil3dtools.com/catalog24.html
• Carlson Connect:
http://update.carlsonsw.com/updates.php?downloads=5761d196352911a887546aa1c84
e7d4c&product=CarlsonConnect
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Using the Survey Database: “Transfer to Civil 3D”

Now that we have a .FBK file, what happens next? We will use the .FBK file to populate the
Civil 3D Survey Database. A graphic of Civil 3D’s Survey Database is shown below. Before
we begin, let’s establish some brief base information on the Survey Database.
Civil 3D is a “Drawing Based”

Application. This essentially
means that Civil 3D object
information is designed to be
available within the drawing.
In other words, you do not

have to rely on pointers to
numerous resource files and
folders to use your data.
The Survey Database, as well

as the Survey related
Equipment and Figure Prefix
Databases are the exceptions
to this rule.
The specific intent was to keep these files separate such that they can be maintained by the
Survey Team. In other words, these databases provide a level of protection to the Surveyor
or Field Crew. Because these files can be stored in a location that only they control, the
Survey Team does not have to worry about someone in a different department deleting
their control points or inadvertently rotating their survey data. This is not the case in
Autodesk’s Legacy application Land Desktop. Using Land, the Surveyor’s points and the
Engineer’s points are controlled by the same Point Database. (Points.MDB) Essentially,
everyone is required to play in the same sandbox. ☺
These files include:

• Survey Database
The Survey Database contains three categories of objects.
o Networks
A Network can be considered an event in the field. In other words, you went
out in the field, “Set Up” on a control point, established a “Back Sight”, set
your Prism height to 5’ and began collecting points. The Network object
maintains your control information, your backsight information, your setup
information as well as all of your observation data. Using the Network Object,
we can quickly review and or adjust our Survey data. (Because of Civil 3D’s
Dynamic Object capabilities, any adjustments we make will propagate
through the rest of the Network as well as your entire project!)
o Figures
Figures are the linework you collect in the field. Every line you create using
the Figure Commands will maintained here.
o Survey Points
All points collected in the Field or controlled by the Survey Team will be
maintained here.
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• Equipment Database
The Equipment Database maintains information specific to your survey hardware.
For example, if you went out and bought three exact same brand new “Total
Stations” they would not really be “exactly” the same. Each one could potentially
have slightly different Calibration or Standard Deviation values. When computing a
Least Squares adjustment these values can affect the accuracy of the results.
Rather than searching for these values when they are required, they can be easily
stored in the Equipment Database. When finished, you will have a list of “Virtual
Total Stations” whose values match those of your real equipment.
• Figure Prefix Database

The Figure Prefix Database is similar to Description Keys. Its job is to provide
instructions to the Survey Figures / Linework you create. In other words, this is
where you will set, what layer it is created on, if the line should participate as a
Breakline, if the line should participate as a lot line, what “Style” should be applied to
the linework… The main purpose of this file is to assist you in conforming to your
office standards.
Note:
The Survey Database is stored in the Survey “Working Folder”. You can set this location by
right clicking on the Survey Databases category in the Survey Toolspace. By default, this
folder is C:\Civil 3D Projects.
Equipment and Figure Prefix databases are stored under All Users…
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Autodesk\C3D 2009\enu\Survey
Populating the Survey Database:

Now that we understand a little bit about where our data will be going, let’s talk a little bit
about how we are going to get it there. A graphic showing the possibilities (Image 1) as
well as some supporting information is provided below.
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Image 1
Import the Field Book (.FBK) manually

Once the .FBK file is created we can import it into Civil 3D’s Survey Database manually. We
do this by importing the Field book into a Network Object through the Survey Toolspace. By
simply right clicking on the “Networks” category under an existing Survey Database, we
click New. We can then associate a name with our new Network. Because a Network is
generally an event in the Field, I usually use the date the data was collected. See Below:
After our Network is created, we

can right click on it and select the
option to Import Field Book…
Note:
Importing the .FBK file is the key to automatically
creating your line work. In other words, this is
the step in the process where you can begin to
appreciate the results of your handiwork. ☺
Import the Field Book automatically

As discussed earlier, several hardware vendors have
created tools which allow field data collected using
their Field Controller to be automatically added to
Civil 3D’s Survey Database. We will be using one of
those tools today. Because we are using Trimble
equipment today we will be leveraging Trimble’s
“Trimble Link” application to transfer our field data
directly to the Survey Database.
Keep in mind that during this process you will not

see the .FBK file. This is because “Trimble Link” will
seamlessly create a Survey Database (if necessary),
create a Network and import the Field book into the
Network in a single step. If you would like to
access or view the .FBK file, you can find it the
Survey Working Folder. The folder will share the
same name as the Network object you create
during the import.
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Import “Paper” Field Data Manually

For the people out there who have a stack of
paper “Field Notes” and are wondering what
Civil 3D can offer them, I would point them to
the “Survey Command Window”. This utility
provides an input method to the Survey
Database where information can be manually
input. (Old School style) The Survey
Command Window can be found by Right
Clicking on an existing Network Object in the
Survey Toolspace and selecting the Survey
Command Window… option.
In addition to inputting Field data, this utility

is also quite handy for such tasks as entering
Legal Description information to create a
Survey Figure of your property boundary.
Transform Field Data on the Fly

Civil 3D has the unique ability to Transform your Survey data “on the fly”! Looking back at
Image 1, you will see that the Survey Database has a Coordinate Control System
(Projection) associated to it. This is HUGE! Because of this, we can easily transform Survey
data using a simple “Drag and Drop” operation. For example, let’s say we collected a large
amount of utility data using a State Plane projection system. After submitting our
completed paper documents to the City, they contact us requesting the coordinate
information on several of the structures such that they can compare it against their GIS
Data. The problem is that their GIS data is not in a State Plane projection. Instead, the
City has standardized on a UTM projection. How long would it take you to translate your
existing coordinate information to what they need? Using Civil 3D we can perform the
operation in a matter of seconds. By simply creating a new drawing using a UTM projection
consistent with the City, we can click on the desired data within our Survey Database and
Drag and Drop it into our new drawing. In doing so, our data is transformed automatically.
As a side note, the transformation works in both directions! In other words, we also have
the ability to drag data from a drawing and drop it back into the Survey Database.
Pulling it all together: “Completing Field to Finish”

Now that we have a better understanding of the components that make up “Field to Finish”
let’s drill down a little deeper. Based on what we have looked at so far, we can collect data
in such a way that we can draw simple line work. This is good but we can do more. (Lots
more!!)
Using Additional Figure Commands:

For example, using the Figure Command “BEG” we discussed earlier; we can confidently
collect any “Straight Line” features. This alone can account for about 80% of linear features
we encounter in the field. Because all linear features cannot be represented as straight
lines, let’s review the use of some additional Figure Commands.
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Figure Command – “C3”

Some of our line work will require arcs. There is a couple of ways to accomplish this. The
first is via. the Figure Command “C3”. Essentially, the C3 command creates a three point
curve.
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command and at least one point is collected.
When we reach the PC of the curve, we add a NOTE containing “C3” and the Figure
name and then collect the point. (For example “C3 BC”) Once initiated, we MUST
immediately collect the remaining two points that make up the curve. Knowing this,
we cannot use a “cross section” style of collection when creating Arcs via. “C3”. No
additional Figure codes are required. After collecting the third point on the curve,
Civil 3D will resume linear collection.
Example:
Sample Field Book (.FBK)
BEG BC
NE SS 1 3053.23050 10356.95650 100.00000 "BC"
CONT BC
C3
NE SS 2 3053.23050 10366.95650 100.00000 "BC"
NE SS 3 3050.30160 10374.02760 100.00000 "BC"
NE SS 4 3043.23050 10376.95650 100.00000 "BC"
NE SS 5 3033.23050 10376.95650 100.00000 "BC"
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Figure Command – “MCS & MCE”

Because some curves are difficult to represent with only 3 points, (reverse curves,
compound curves, very long curves…) we have the Figure Commands MCS and MCE. The
acronyms mean Multi Point Curve Start and Multi Point Curve End respectively. Think of
them like Bookends.
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command. When ready to begin the curve, we
add a NOTE containing “MCS” and then collect the point. We then continue to collect
points that represent the curve(s). When finished collecting points on the curve(s)
we add the NOTE “MCE”. After adding the “MCE” note, Civil 3D will resume linear
collection.
Example:
BEG SW
MCS
NE SS 6 3079.59310 10377.61230 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 7 3076.02260 10383.71110 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 8 3069.31700 10387.37030 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 9 3061.65340 10390.33260 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 10 3056.68950 10397.04120 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 11 3059.73760 10406.10220 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 12 3064.87560 10413.24640 100.00000 "SW"
NE SS 13 3071.75540 10412.46230 100.00000 "SW"
MCE
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Figure Command – “MCS & MCE” Continued

Unlike the “C3” command, the Figure Commands “MCS” and “MCE” can be used in a cross
section style form of data collection. In other words, you do not have to complete one
figure’s curve(s) before starting the next one.
Workflow:
Same as previous page only using multiple Survey Figures / Lines.
Example:
I added this example to help
dispel the misconception
that it could not be done.
BEG BC
MCS
NE SS 14 3100.15220 10378.97660 0.00000 "BC"
BEG SW
MCS
NE SS 15 3107.07050 10385.73700 0.00000 "SW"
NE SS 16 3101.92200 10391.69260 0.00000 "SW"
CONT BC
NE SS 17 3094.19930 10384.28830 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 18 3084.38500 10385.09310 0.00000 "BC"
CONT SW
NE SS 19 3085.18940 10393.94610 0.00000 "SW"
NE SS 20 3079.71910 10399.57980 0.00000 "SW"
CONT BC
NE SS 21 3071.19190 10395.39480 0.00000 "BC"
CONT SW
NE SS 22 3085.67210 10407.62790 0.00000 "SW"
CONT BC
NE SS 23 3077.46670 10414.06650 0.00000 "BC"
MCE
NE SS 24 3069.26130 10421.47070 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 25 3058.64250 10420.34400 0.00000 "BC"
CONT SW
NE SS 26 3096.61260 10411.33010 0.00000 "SW"
MCE
NE SS 27 3098.86510 10422.11460 0.00000 "SW" 18
Figure Command – “CLOSE”

Because some line features will need to close back to exactly where they started, we can
use the one of several “CLOSE” Figure Commands. These are important because no matter
how good you are at collection, you will never shoot the exact same location twice!
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command. We then collect as many points as
necessary to define the line work. When we are ready for the line work to connect
back to the starting point, we add a NOTE containing “CLOSE” and the Figure Name.
(For example “CLOSE BC”)
Example:
BEG BC
NE SS 28 3105.60090 10385.02190 0.00000 "BC"
CONT BC
C3
NE SS 29 3105.60090 10435.02190 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 30 3100.60090 10440.02190 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 31 3095.60090 10435.02190 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 32 3095.60090 10385.02190 0.00000 "BC"
CLOSE BC
19
Figure Command – “CLOSE BLD”

When closing a figure representing an existing building sometimes we have a blind corner
that we cannot see with the instrument. Because of this, it would be nice if the final corner
can be determined based on the previously defined shots. The “CLOSE BLD” Figure
command was created for just this purpose. This command also works great when you only
want to shot three points on a four sided object. Civil 3D will use 90 degree angles to
compute the final corner.
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command and at least three points are collected.
When we are ready for Civil 3D to compute the final corner and Close the figure, we
add a NOTE “CLOSE BLD”. The figure name is not required because Civil 3D will look
to the previously collected point for the figure Name.
Example(s):
Sample Field Book(s) (.FBK)
BEG HOUSE
NE SS 34 3103.43320 10391.25600 0.00000 "HOUSE"
NE SS 35 3103.43320 10406.25600 0.00000 "HOUSE"
NE SS 36 3088.43320 10406.25600 0.00000 "HOUSE"
CLOSE BLD
BEG SHED
NE SS 37 3101.26770 10395.33890 0.00000 "SHED"
NE SS 38 3117.72570 10395.33890 0.00000 "SHED"
NE SS 39 3117.72570 10409.68860 0.00000 "SHED"
NE SS 40 3106.23270 10409.68860 0.00000 "SHED"
NE SS 41 3106.23270 10418.05920 0.00000 "SHED"
NE SS 42 3093.36060 10418.05920 0.00000 "SHED"
NE SS 43 3093.36060 10402.05380 0.00000 "SHED"
CLOSE BLD
20
Figure Command – “CLOSE RECT” [OFFSET]

Occasionally we encounter a simple four sided object such as a concrete pad or pedestal. In
this case we can use the “CLOSE RECT” Figure Command to collect the line work in as little
as two shots.
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command and we collect the first corner. We
advance to the next corner and collect the second point. Immediately after
recording the second corner we add the NOTE “CLOSE RECT” and add an OFFSET.
Your first two corners determine the four sided object’s width. The OFFEST you
enter will establish the length. Entering a positive value will offset right and a
negative value will offset left.
Example:
BEG CONC
NE SS 44 3094.14360 10393.44920 0.00000 "CONC"
NE SS 45 3109.75850 10393.44920 0.00000 "CONC"
CLOSE RECT 25
21
Figure Command – “RECALL”

Currently Civil 3D does not allow you to “Double Code”. Essentially, if two Figures share the
same point, (For example when a driveway intersects with a Back of Curb) we technically
need to shoot the same point twice. Having said this, Civil 3D does have a “RECALL” Figure
Command which can help in this area. The “RECALL” function will allow you to connect a
Figure to a previously collected point. Knowing this, the “RECALL” command can be quite a
powerful tool. (With a little creativity, we can even approach Double Coding!)
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command and at least one point is collected. We
next collect points necessary to define the Figure. At the point we would like our
current Figure to intersect a previously collected point, we add a NOTE containing
“RECALL” followed by the Point number we would like to connect to. If this point is
participating with another Figure, we will intersect with it exactly.
Example:
BEG BC
NE SS 46 3098.24410 10438.45920 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 47 3098.24410 10416.81330 0.00000 "BC"
NE SS 48 3098.24410 10394.81330 0.00000 "BC"
BEG DW1
NE SS 49 3125.04390 10397.81330 0.00000 "DW1"
BEG DW2
NE SS 50 3125.04390 10413.81330 0.00000 "DW2"
NE SS 51 3101.24410 10413.81330 0.00000 "DW2"
RECALL 47
CONT DW1
NE SS 52 3101.24410 10397.81330 0.00000 "DW1"
RECALL 48
CONT BC
NE SS 53 3098.24410 10373.16730 0.00000 "BC"
22
Figure Command – “OFFSET” [FIGURE] [DISTANCE]

While collecting line work in the Field we occasionally would like to collect parallel lines. For
example, we encounter a four foot sidewalk. Rather than collecting points on both sides of
the sidewalk, we can collect one side and have Civil 3D create the other side for us
automatically. Keep in mind that the automatically generated side will share the same
elevations as the original side. If you would like to offset horizontally as well as vertically,
(For example in the case of Back of Curb and Flow Line) Civil 3D has a Stepped Offset
drawing tool that will serve this purpose.
(“AECCOFFSETFEATURE” in case you were wondering ☺ )
Workflow:
A figure is initiated using the “BEG” command and we begin collecting points. When
we are finished collecting points that define our Figure, we add the NOTE “OFFSET”
as well as the figure name and distance to offset. Entering a positive value will
offset right and a negative value will offset left. As you can see from the example
below, the “OFFSET” Figure Command can be used multiple times if necessary.
Example:
BEG SW
NE SS 54 3131.06890 10385.48130 0.00000 "SW"
NE SS 55 3117.13120 10395.80260 0.00000 "SW"
NE SS 56 3115.76480 10415.48820 0.00000 "SW"
NE SS 57 3102.51030 10427.51820 0.00000 "SW"
OFFSET SW 5
OFFSET SW 5.5
OFFSET SW 6.5
23
Leveraging Figure Commands:

The above represents the extents of the Figure Commands we will discuss today. Having
said this, keep in mind that what has been presented so far is not a complete list. As we
discussed on Page six, additional figure commands are also available.
My goal today is not to overwhelm you with all that can be done but rather present you with
enough information to get you up and running using “Field to Finish”. Once you become
proficient with these Figure Commands, I strongly encourage you to explore the additional
Figure Commands available.
Understanding this, what we have covered so far will provide you the tools necessary to
successfully collect 95%+ of the linear features you encounter in the field. Used
individually, each tool is very straight forward and simple to use. Used together, there is no
limit to what you can accomplish in the Field.
Having said this, if you are new to collecting line work in the field, start slow at first. Don’t
try and tackle everything your first time out. When I trained Survey Teams to perform
“Field to Finish”, I always recommended that they start simple and only focus on collecting
line work for the curb lines. In doing so, they achieved a level of success immediately as
well as learned about process. The next time they went out in the field, they leveraged
what they learned the previous time and collected a couple more items like Centerlines and
Buildings. They achieved additional success as well as learned yet a little more about the
process. What they learned the second time they leveraged the third time. (I’m sure you
get the point ☺ ) At the end of the day, it did not take them (nor will it take you) very
many trips in the field to become extremely effective at doing this.
Final Step: Note:

We are now finished collecting line work in the Field In today’s session we are focusing
and are ready to experience the magic of “Field to
specifically on proper collection and
Finish” in Civil 3D. The magic happens when the
data is physically brought into the drawing and the creation of line work.
line work and symbology is automatically created
Detailed information about Points,
for you.
Point Styles and Description Keys are
To facilitate this, in our session today, I used outside of the scope of this session.
Trimble equipment to collect line work in the room These topics are readily available at
around you. In doing so, I demonstrated the au.autodesk.com
proper use of each of the Figure Commands listed
previously.
Once completed, we transferred the data into Civil 3D’s Survey Database using Trimble’s
“Trimble Link” application. After doing so, our completed Survey Figures / Linework and
points automatically displayed on the screen.
Building the Figure Prefix Library:

Because we would like our curbs to look like curbs and our sidewalks to look like sidewalks
we need to complete the final step in the “Field to Finish” process. We need to configure
the Figure Prefix Database. Remember, the Figure Prefix Database will map our newly
minted line work to the appropriate layer, color, linetype, style… Essentially, this is how we
ensure that we conform to our organization’s standards.
24
Fortunately, this is a very simple process. We begin by

right clicking on the “Figure Prefixes Databases”
category in the Survey Toolspace and selecting New…
We are then prompted to give our new Figure Prefix
Database a name. Once created, you will see it listed
under the “Figure Prefixes Database” category. We
begin populating our new AU2008 Database by right
clicking on it and selecting New… We are then
presented with the dialog box below.
Using the dialog box we enter the code we will

use in the field to define our line work. In this
case I used “BC” for Back of Curb.
Note: We do not need to create an entry for

every variation of “BC” we may use in the
field. (i.e. creating a BC1, BC2, BC3… is not
necessary)
Next we check the box to let Civil 3D know if we would like this line work to participate as a
breakline when working with surfaces. In the case of a Back of Curb line the answer is most
likely Yes. In the case of an Overhead Electric Line the answer would most likely be No.
Next we check the box to let Civil3D know if we would like this line work to participate as a
Lot Line. In the case of our Back of Curb line the answer is No. In the case of a property
boundary line the answer is most likely Yes. The advantage of defining your Survey Figure
as a Lot Line is that a corresponding Parcel Object will be created as well. This means that
labels as well as a legal description will automatically be available.
Next we associate a Layer and a Style for our line work. The layer entry will control what
layer the line work is created on. It can also control the line work’s color, linetype and pen
weight. The Style entry essentially controls how the line work is created. For example, do
you want the line work created as 2D or 3D line work? You can also use the Style to
accomplish things like adding markers to the line work’s vertices.
Finally, we can associate our line work with a Survey Site. At first glance, a Survey Site is
not what you may think. It has nothing to do with your project location or project site
boundary. It is instead a form of container. Because Civil 3D’s dynamic objects can
interact with each other, we can use a Site Container to help limit / control these
interactions. For example, our project could be broken up into logical categories such as
Alternate One, Alternate Two, Alternate Three… Knowing this, we would not want changes
to Alternate One to interact with Alternate Two or vice versa. Essentially, objects in one
25
category cannot interact or be updated by objects in a different one. By organizing our

object data into different Sites “Containers” we can easily control the interaction.
After completing the first entry, we systematically create the second and all remaining
entries. When finished, we are ready to begin experiencing the benefits of “Field to Finish”.
Wrap Up:
What have we learned?
We learned that “Field to Finish” is the ability to create near production ready drawings
solely by how the data is captured in the field. We learned that integrating a handful of
Figure Commands into our existing field collection process can pay huge dividends. This
means we are not required to completely reinvent the wheel to begin leveraging these
techniques. Essentially, without too much difficulty we can break free of our traditional
workflow and begin leveraging “Field to Finish”.
Along the way, we learned that Civil 3D maintains the Surveyor’s data in a protected
external database environment. We also learned about the importance of Autodesk’s Field
Book (.FBK) file as well as the different methods to create and utilize them. In addition, I’m
hopeful that we dispelled most (if not all) of the misconceptions surrounding “Field to
Finish”.
Final Thoughts
The concept of “Field to Finish” has existed for a quite a while. As Autodesk’s software has
evolved over the years, our ability to leverage this technology has become even easier.
There is really no reason not to being using it. Having said this, I hope that during our
session today we have compelled you to consider trying “Field to Finish” collection
techniques on one of your projects.
Imagine for a moment how much more productive you would be if you could reclaim all of
the time you and your organization currently spend “Connecting the Dots”.
26

Field To Finish AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009

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Field To Finish AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009

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NYSAPLS 2009 Annual Conference

“Field to Finish” Using AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009

About the Speaker:

After attending this class, participants:

• will have witnessed Survey equipment

• will learn how to leverage “Field to Finish”

• will understand the business benefits of

Let’s get started!!

Links providing additional information are below:

Links providing additional information are below:

Links providing additional information are below:

Field to Finish Basics: “Setup”

BEG = Starts a Figure Line

Using Figure Commands, we can collect data

During our session we will discuss and

Using Figure Commands: “Data Collection Techniques”

Let’s say our goal is to collect data to

We begin by taking the first shot on the south

Next, we take a shot at the road center line

Finally, we collect the first shot on the north

Now that the Figures have been initiated, we

We continue by collecting the next point that

Finally, we collect the second point on the

We do not need any Pen Up, Pen Down,

Also, we are free to collect other objects at

After collecting our additional objects, we can

Once again, Civil 3D will recognize the “BC1”

As we continue our collection, we next

We conclude our example by collecting the

Looking back at the process we used, other

Using a Field Book (.FBK): “Transfer to Civil 3D”

1000,1979629.0133,1004375.4443,100.0000,B BC1 BEG BC1

1009,1979657.3601,1004474.4602,100.0000,BC2 CONT BC1

Creating the Field Book File:

Survey Data Collection Link:

I used this tool to create the .FBK on

Hardware Vendor Utilities:

• Trimble Link: www.trimble.com/link_ts.asp

• Leica Exchange: http://www.leica-geosystems.com

• TOPCON Link: www.topconsupport.com

Using the Survey Database: “Transfer to Civil 3D”

Civil 3D is a “Drawing Based”

In other words, you do not

The Survey Database, as well

These files include:

• Figure Prefix Database

Populating the Survey Database:

Import the Field Book (.FBK) manually

After our Network is created, we

Import the Field Book automatically

Keep in mind that during this process you will not

Import “Paper” Field Data Manually

In addition to inputting Field data, this utility

Transform Field Data on the Fly

Pulling it all together: “Completing Field to Finish”

Using Additional Figure Commands:

Figure Command – “C3”

Sample Field Book (.FBK)

Figure Command – “MCS & MCE”

Sample Field Book (.FBK)

Figure Command – “MCS & MCE” Continued

Sample Field Book (.FBK)

Figure Command – “CLOSE”