INPLANT TRAINING REPORT

Submitted by

MUMMADI VENKATA BHANU PRAKSH REDDY(212221060180)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SAVEETHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI

NOVEMBER 2023
 SAVEETHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Inplant Training report undergone at “DOTEXE

TECHOLOGIES” is the Bonafide work of “MUMMADI VENKATA

BHANU PRAKSH REDDY (212221060180)” who carried out the Inplant

Training from 16/07/2023 & 31/07/2023 under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. S. Dhandapani, M.E., Ph.D. Dr. S. Imran Hussain, M. Tech., Ph.D.

Associate Dean, A & A
Deputy Head Coordinator

Professor Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Communication Engineering,
Saveetha Engineering College, Saveetha Engineering College,
Chennai – 602 105. Chennai – 602 105.

Submitted for the University Inplant Training Viva-voce held on

……………… at Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai.

INTERNAL EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to our respected Chairperson Dr. N. M. Veeraiyan, Saveetha

Engineering College, Chennai for giving me the opportunity to tap my
creative resources, expressing my skills and making them widely known.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. N. Duraipandian, M.E.,

Ph.D., Principal, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, for providing me
a valuable opportunity to undergo this training.

I sincerely thank Dr. S. Dhandapani, M.E., Ph.D., Associate Dean –

Affiliation and Accreditation, Professor & Deputy Head / ECE, Dr.
Srigitha.S.Nath, M.E, Ph.D., Head, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, for
the constant support and motivation that had encouraged me to complete this
training.

I sincerely thank our Inplant Training Coordinator, Dr. S. Imran Hussain,

M. Tech., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, for
his vital encouragement and support.

I would like to acknowledge (“DOTEXE TECHOLOGIES”) for providing

the resources to undergo this inplant training at various departments and
guiding me throughout the training duration.

Above all, I am whole heartedly grateful to our Parents and Friends for
having stood by me at all times.
 DECLARATION

I, MUMMADI VENKATA BHANU PRAKASH REDY(212221060180),

hereby declare that this Inplant Training report, submitted to the Saveetha
Engineering College, Chennai in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the Degree of Electronics and Communication Engineering
is a record of original training undergone by me during the period 16-07-2023
& 31-07-2023 under the supervision and guidance of Dr. S. Imran Hussain,
M. Tech., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai and it
has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree/Fellowship or other
similar title to any candidate of any University.

Place: Signature of the Student

Date:
Attach Your Certificate here
e NEDDRAINN HEALTHCA RE ...
Choose wisely . . . Choose back us . . . ,,

CERTiFiCATE OF PARTlCiPATlOh
This is certify that Miss. MIRRAHASHINI K pursuing
third year B. E Medical Electronics at SAVEETHA
ENGINEERING COLLEGE has underwent lnplant Training
from 16/08/2021 to 01/09/2021.
During her training period she had aquainted detailed
knowledge of the functioning of various Diagnostic and
Therapeutic equipments such as X-rays, Whole Body CT
Scan, Laboratory Equipments, Ultrasound Scan, Echo
Cardiogram, ECG, EEG, EMG, Multi Para monitors,Syringe
Pumps, Infusion Pumps, Pulseoximeters,DiaIysis Machines,
Ventilators, NABH Documentation, CPAP, BiPAP, etc.,

During this period her character and conduct is good.

We wish her all the best for her future.

Trainer
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1 ORGANIZATION PROFILE 9
2 LIST OF DIAGNOSTICS AND 13
THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS
2.1 NABH 14
2.1.1 Protocols of NABH 14
2.1.2 Importance of NABH 14
2.1.3 Benefits of NABH Accreditation for 14
a Hospital
2.2 SYRINGE PUMP 15
2.3 INFUSION PUMP 16
2.4 PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM 17
2.5 NEBULIZER 18
2.6 ULTRASONOGRAPH 19
2.7 DEFIBRILLATOR 20
2.8 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH 21
REFERENCES 22
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO.
2.1 Syringe Pump 15
2.2 Infusion Pump 16
2.3 Patient Monitoring System 17
2.4 Nebulizer 18
2.5 Ultrasound machine 19
2.6 Defibrillator 20
2.7 ECG machine 21
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ECG - Electrocardiograph
CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
BiPAP - Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
NABH - National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and
Healthcare Providers
IVF - In-Vitro Fertilization
NABL - National Accreditation Board for testing and
calibration of Laboratories
ILAC - International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
IV - Intra Venous
PMS - Patient Monitoring System
SpO2 - Oxygen Saturation
EtCO2 - End-Tidal CO2
ET - Endo Tracheal
LAN - Local Area Network
VGA - Video Graphics Array
S-Video - Serial Video
USB - Universal Serial Bus
A Mode - Amplitude mode
THI - Tissue Harmon Imaging
AED - Automated External Defibrillator
WCD - Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator
ICD - Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
CMOS - Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
NIV - non-invasive ventilation
IPAP - Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
EPAP - Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure
COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
OHS - Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
BP - Blood Pressure
 CHAPTER 1
ORGANIZATION PROFILE
 CHAPTER 1
ORGANIZATION PROFILE
A Medical electronc engineer's role is to be well-known about the equipment
they are using. And this inplant training program mainly based on the study
of bio-medical equipment and well versing the trouble shooting of the
equipment which are mainly used in the hospitals.

This inplant training is where we acquainted the detailed knowledge of the

functioning and the trouble-shooting of various diagnostic and therapeutic
equipment such as laboratory equipment, ultrasound scan, ECG, multi
parameter monitor, syringe pumps, infusion pumps, pulse-oximeter,
laryngoscope, dialysis machine, ventilators, defibrillators, nebulizers, CPAP,
BiPAP, etc.,

This program mainly focused on the clearance of NABH documentation

which is National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare
Providers, is in its 15th year of creating an ecosystem of quality in healthcare
in India. NABH standards focus on patient safety and quality of the delivery
of services by the hospitals in the changing healthcare environment.

In this inplant training we came to know more about trouble shooting of the
above-mentioned equipment and how to solve that in any case, now we have
the precious experience under our belt. We are grateful for the
MEDDRAINN HEALTHCARE for providing this valuable chance to
improve ourselves.

10
Meddrainn Healthcare was found in March 2019, in Erode with a mission to
provide high quality, competitively priced medical devices to make
healthcare more accessible and affordable. This well-known establishment
acts as a one-stop destination servicing customers both local and from other
parts of Erode. The belief that customer satisfaction is as important as their
products and services, have helped this establishment garner a vast base of
customers, which continues to grow by the day.

The company has always been a front runner in providing latest technological
healthcare solutions. Over the course of its journey, this business has
established a firm foothold in its industry. At present they are providing home
care equipment, Hospital consumables and accessories, Operating Surgical
Tables, Surgical Lighting and Medical Disposables.

In the near future, this business aims to expand its line of products and
services and cater to a larger client base and is in collaboration with Sudha
Hospitals is an Indian multispecialty hospital based in Erode, Tamil Nadu. It
was founded by Dr. D Kandaswami, a renowned cardiologist in Erode, Tamil
Nadu. The Sudha Hospitals had a humble beginning in the small town of
Erode in 1985 as a single-specialty hospital centered on cardiology. It was a
20-bed hospital started by Dr. D Kandaswami.

Founded in 1985 as a cardiology center Sudha hospital expanded into a

multispecialty hospital in 1990 subsequently. Later in 1995, a fertility center
was started at Sudha hospitals. It was the brainchild of Dr. S Dhanabagyam
who envisioned the need of the society in this sector and to offer fertility
treatment to the needy based on science.

11
This hospital was among the pioneers of IVF treatment in the Kongu Region.
Extending its presence in nearby regions, a center of Sudha hospitals opened
in Coimbatore in 2010. Later Chennai, Madurai, Salem, Trichy and Colombo
got the opportunity to be served by this multispecialty hospital with having
their footprints in these cities. In 2012 Sudha Institute of Medical Sciences
was opened.

The credit to this can be given to Dr. K Sudhakar and Dr. S Pradeepa. Sudha
Multi-specialty hospital is now a 300 bedded tertiary Hospital. Sudha hospital
has traversed a journey of 35 years in cardiology, maternity and fertility. The
hospital has a team of 75 eminent consultant doctors who belong to various
specialties. Today Sudha hospitals are one of the largest medical centers in
erode and surrounding districts

Identifying a critical need in the society, Sudha Hospital set up a fertility

center in the year 1995. Envisioned by Dr.S. Dhanabagyam, the center was
among the pioneers of IVF treatment in the Kongu region. Today, the brand
takes pride in completing 25 successful years in the field of fertility
management.

Sudha Hospitals, extended its presence to Coimbatore in 2010, and is today

one of the top performing IVF centers in Coimbatore. Sudha Fertility Centre
has also further extended its footprint with branches in Erode, Salem,
Coimbatore, Chennai, Madurai, Trichy, Colombo, Hyderabad and
Bengaluru.

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 CHAPTER 2

LIST OF DIAGNOSTICS AND

THERAPETIC EQUIPMENTS

13
2.1 NABH
NABH stands for National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and
Healthcare Providers. It was founded in 2006 in New Delhi, India.
NABL stands for National Accreditation Board for testing and
calibration of Laboratories.
It was founded in 1988 in Gurgaon, India. NABL provides conformity
accreditation to medical labs as per International Laboratory Accreditation
Cooperation (ILAC).
2.1.1 Protocols of NABH
 NABH focuses on patient safety and quality of services given by the
hospitals.
 Objective elements of NABH guide the organization in conducting
its operation with focus on patient safety.
2.1.2 Importance of NABH
 NABH enables the organization in demonstrating commitment to
equal care.
 It raises confidence of community in the service
 It provides opportunity to healthcare unit to benchmark with the best.
 It gives accreditation to health organization to stimulate continuous
improvement.
2.1.3 Benefits of NABH Accreditation for a Hospital
 The proof that the hospital provides quality healthcare as per global
standards.
 The testimony that hospital wishes to increase the patient's
experience positively.
 A mark of international recognition for any hospital.

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2.2 SYRINGE PUMP

Figure 2.1 Syringe Pump

Image courtesy: https://www.indiamart.com/navyas-healing/syringe-
pumps.html
A syringe pump is a standard instrument, used for delivering IV (intravenous)
medications over several hours gradually to a patient. It is a drug delivery
device. A pressure sensor or flow sensor is used. It can be used to deliver
fluid up to 50 ml/hr.
The basic parts in a syringe pump are Syringe barrel clamp, Digital read out,
Syringe plunger grippers, Syringe plunger driver, Occlusion detection,
Syringe plunge clamp. Syringe pumps are all driven via a stepper motor.
General Advantages of Syringe Pumps:
 Syringe pumps are fast and easy to use.
 Syringe pumps allow the user to define the total volume of fluid and
deliver it at an accurate speed.
 High-Pressure Syringe pumps are capable of setting a target pressure
or control at constant pressure to run the experiment.

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2.3 INFUSION PUMP

Figure 2.2 Infusion Pump

Image Courtesy: https://faithvetsupply.com/product/fvs-800-infusion-
pumps/
Infusion pump is a medical instrument used for delivering fluids in large or
small amounts, and may be used to deliver nutrients or medications – such as
insulin or other hormones, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain
relievers. The fluids are usually contained in an IV bag or bottle, and the
pump manipulates a special section of tubing between it and the patient’s IV
site.

The basic parts of an infusion pump are Linear peristaltic pump, Digital read
out, User interfaces (Buttons), Free flow pump, Occlusion detection, Battery,
Power guard, Door hook, drop sensor / Pressure sensor, Door hook duck and
Liquid retaining clamp. Stepper motors have been used in the pump
mechanism to provide a precise flow rate.

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2.4 PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (PMS)

Figure 2.3 Patient Monitoring System (PMS)

Image Courtesy: https://www.indiamart.com/respicure-medical-
systems/patient-monitoring-system.html
The patient monitoring system is used to monitor the vital parameters of the
human body. It is one among the critical care equipment. The PMS is used to
monitor the parameters such as ECG, SpO2, temperature, blood pressure
(both invasive and non-invasive), EtCO2 (End-Tidal CO2) and respiratory
rate.

It helps in the continuous monitoring of these vital parameters with the help
of electrodes and sensors, which include SpO2 finger sensor, ECG electrodes,
BP cuff and temperature probe. The PMS are of single parameter and
multiparameter type. The single parameter PMS monitor either ECG or blood
pressure or SpO2. The multiparameter PMS is widely used.

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2.5 NEBULIZER

Figure 2.4 Nebulizer

Image Courtesy: https://store.phablecare.com/products/omron-compressor-
A Nebulizer is an electrically powered machine. It converts the liquid
medication into a medicated mist. The mist converted by the nebulizer can
be breathed directly into the lungs, through a facemask or mouth piece. The
time spent on inhaling the medication will vary, but usually it lasts from 10
to 20 minutes. Parts include: mouth piece, nebulizer, face mask (adult &
child), air hose, on/off switch, nebulizer kit holder, medicine cup, power cord,
compressor, air filter, compartment located at bottom side.

Types of nebulizers
 MESH OR INHALER OR METERED DOSE NEBULIZER: Liquid
passes through a very fine mesh to from the aerosol.
 JET NEBULIZER: This uses compressed gas to make a tiny particle
of medication into the air.
 ULTRASONIC NEBULIZER: This makes an aerosol through high
frequency vibrations. The particles are larger than with a jet nebulizer.

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2.6 ULTRASONOGRAPH

Figure 2.5 Ultrasound machine

Image Courtesy: https://www.ciamedical.com/sonosite-son-001-
Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to produces picture of the inside
body. It is used to help diagnose the causes of pain, swelling and infection
in the body’s internal organs and to examine a body in pregnant women and
the brain and hips in infants. There are five ports in Ultrasound: Serial,
LAN, VGA, S-Video (Serial Video), USB.

The different modes of ultrasound scan are: B Mode, 2B Mode, 4B Mode,

B/M Mode, A Mode (Amplitude mode), THI (Tissue Harmon Imaging),
Vertical invert, Horizontal invert. The ultrasound machine finds it’s
applications in areas like abdomen, cardiac, small organs, peripheral,
vascular, transvaginal, transrectal, musculoskeletal, pediatric, foetal,
obstetrics & gynecology, urology.

Types of transducers include: curvilinear, micro convex, linear probe, sector

probe, pencil transducer, endo cavitary probes, transesophageal probe.

19
2.7 DEFIBRILLATOR

Figure 2.6 Defibrillator

Image Courtesy: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/philips-
Defibrillator is a process in which an electronic device sends an electric
shock to the heart to stop an extremely rapid or irregular heart rate and thus
restores the normal rhythm. The defibrillation is used for the treatments like
life threatening cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, pulse less ventricular
tachycardia. The parts of a defibrillator are the display monitor, printer
chamber, power knobs, paddles.
Defibrillators with monophasic waveform deliver current in one polarity. In
biphasic waveform the delivered current flows in a positive direction for a
specified time and then reverses and flows in a negative direction for the
remaining duration of the electrical discharge.
Types include:
 EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR: e.g., Automated External
Defibrillator (AED) and Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD).
 INTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR: e.g., Implantable Cardioverter
Defibrillator (ICD) or Pacemaker.

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2.8 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG)

Figure 2.7 ECG machine

Image Courtesy: https://respbuy.com/product/contec-3-channel-ecg-
ECG is used to perform routine examination of heart. Einthoven triangle is
the principle for ECG working. It stores the electrical information and
measures electrical activity of heart. It shows heart rhythm as graph which
can be displayed or printed on the paper. It works through CMOS battery or
lithium battery.

ECG are used in: All the departments of hospital, Clinic, Operation Theatre,
Ambulance. To measure the heart's electrical activity accurately, proper
electrode placement is crucial. In a 12-lead ECG, there are 12 leads calculated
using 10 electrodes. Electrodes are attached to patient feet, wrist, around
heart chambers to patient in relaxed position. Further, machine is switched
on, then electrical activity is measured, interpreted and printed. Advantages

 Built in database can be used for identifying hidden problems.

 Cardiac monitoring can be done at any places, any time.
 Measurement is obtained within few minutes.

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REFERENCE
HANDBOOK OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION – R. S.
Khandpur.
MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION Application and Design – John G.
Webster.
www.wikipedia.org
www.physio-pedia.org
www.radiopaedia.org
www.mayoclinic.org
www.slideshare.net
www.hunker.com
www.thephysiocompany.com
www.ismed.com
www.nhlbi.nih.gov
www.cardiacscience.co.uk
www.medical.dpu.edu.in
www.youtube.com
www.medicine.mcgill.ca

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