Course Objectives

- First, help students to acquire knowledge of the fundamental features of the

U.K. and the U.S in terms of: Geography, History, Economy, Culture,
Politics, Education and Sports and Lifestyles.
- Second, assist students learn, analyze and apply the basic knowledge of The
UK and The USA into their work at school now & later in their future
- Finally, enable students to develop active, cooperative and honest working
attitudes
General descriptions
This course provides students with fundamental knowledge about British and
American countries.
Through this course, students have opportunities to practice the skills of
presenting, analyzing, discussing, and team work.
This course also helps students to improve their vocabulary, reading skills and
English language skills.
True or False?
Culture
1. Culture has relations with biological matters/genes -
2. Culture is passed on from one generation to another-
3. Culture is defined in only one way-
4. Culture distinguishes members of a group from another-
5. Culture is learned and shared in a human community-
6. Culture expresses historical values.-
7. Culture is a pattern of behaviours and interactions of human beings-
8. Culture consists of material and spiritual issues.-
9. People of the same culture understand the meaning of symbols and
behaviours in the same way-
10. Culture comes from both humans and God
11. Culture encompasses the social behaviours, institutions, norms found in
human societies as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws and customs.
12. Culture guides for the behavior of men.

Damen, L. (1987). Culture Learning

Culture is the learned and shared human patterns or models for living; day-to-
day living patterns. These patterns and models pervade all aspects of human
social interaction.
Useem, J., & Useem, R. (1963)
Culture has been defined in a number of ways, but most simply, as the learned
and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings.
Hofstede, G. (1984). National cultures and corporate cultures
Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the
members of one category of people from another.
Kluckhohn, C., & Kelly, W.H. (1945).
By culture we mean all those historically created designs for living, explicit and
implicit, rational, irrational, which exist at any given time as potential guides for
the behavior of men.

SECTION 1: PART 2

1. FEATURES OF CULTURE
2. HISTORICAL DEFINTIONS OF CULTURE
3. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
4. CULTURAL CHANGE

Features of Culture
Culture has the following features:
1. Learned. Process of learning one's culture is called enculturation.
2. Shared by the members of a society. No "culture of one."
3. Patterned. People in a society live and think in ways that form definite
patterns.
4. Mutually constructed through a constant process of social interaction.
5. Symbolic. Culture, language and thought are based on symbols and symbolic
meanings.
6. Arbitrary. Not based on "natural laws". It means culture is not based on
God. It's inherited through human interactions. Example: standards of beauty.
7. Internalized. Habitual. Taken-for-granted. Perceived as "natural."

The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to
honor).
In general, it refers to human activity; different definitions of culture reflect
different theories for understanding, or criteria for valuing human activity.

3 elements of Culture
Another common way of understanding culture is to see it as consisting of three
elements: values, norms, and artifacts
Values are ideas about what in life is important. They guide the rest of the
culture.
Norms are expectations of how people will behave in different situations.
Norms that a society enforces formally are called laws.
Artifacts - things, or material culture - derive from the culture's values and
norms.

CULTURAL CHANGE
Cultures both embrace and resist change, depending on culture traits. For
example, men and women have complementary roles in many cultures.
One gender might desire changes that affect the other, as happened in the
second half of the 20th century in western cultures.
Thus, there are both dynamic influences that encourage acceptance of new
things, and conservative forces that resist change.
Three kinds of influence cause both change and resistance to cultural
change
1. Forces at work within a society
2. Contact between societies
3. Changes in the natural environment.

Which feature does each of the following statements refer to?

1. You don't need to think before doing it
2. You need a long period of time to understand it
3. A scarf of Southern Vietnamese people
4. You have to follow and accept the rules
5. It is created by a group of people, not a single person
6. It's only based on human standards
7. It does not belong to any person, but a community or group of people

GEOGRAPHY
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly
known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain.
2. The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales
and Northern Ireland
3. The total area of the United Kingdom is 93,628 square miles (242,500 km²).

Britannia (/bri'tænie/) is the national personification of Britain as a helmeted

female warrior holding a trident and shield.
An image first used in classical antiquity, the Latin Britannia was the name
variously applied to the British Isles, Great Britain, and the Roman province of
Britain during the Roman Empire.

Position
In north-western or south-western Europe?
In north-western Europe, off the north-- western coast of the European
mainland.
The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part
of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles.

4. Terrain = Land
a. 50% pasture or meadow
b. 30% arable (land for growing crops)
c. 12% waste or urban
d. 7% forested
e. 1% inland water
5. Climate
- Generally mild and temperate is subject to frequent changes
6. People/ Nationality
- Noun: Briton(s)
- Adjective: British
7. The Population of the UK 2023 estimated to be 67.736 million.
8. Major ethnic groups: British, Irish, West Indian and..South Asian
9. Major religions: Church of England (The Anglican Church) (21%); Roman
Catholic (22%), Church of Scotland (Presbyterian), Muslim
10. Major Language: English, Welsh; Irish Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic
11. Education: Ages Compulsory 5- 16; Attendance: nearly 99%; Literacy:
99%

The law states that full time education is compulsory for all children between
the ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16, the compulsory school age (CSA).
In England, compulsory education or training has been extended to 18 for those
born on or after 1 September 1997.
12. Health
Life expectancy 78.7 years
• The provisional estimates show that life expectancy in England in 2020 was
78.7 years for males and 82.7 years for females
13. Work force (2023) 36.8 million
14. Main economic Sectors
a. Industry: 21%
b. Services: 79%

Government
1. Type: Constitutional monarchy
2. Constitution: unwritten
3. Branches: executive, legislative and judicial
a. Executive: The Crown and the UK Government, including the Prime
Minister and Cabinet Ministers ง
b. Legislative: The UK Parliament (the Crown, the House of Commons and the
House of Lords)
c. Judicial: The judges and other officers of the courts

Constitutional monarchy
a system in which the king or queen's power is severely limited, because they
act only on the advice of the politicians who form the government
Unwritten constitution
A constitution not embodied/ represented in a single document but based chiefly
on custom and precedent as expressed in statutes and judicial decisions
Political parties
- 2 main parties: the Conservative Party and the Labour Party
Who is the current leader of the Conservative Party?
Rishi Sunak (1980)
10 Downing Street is the official residence and the office of the British Prime
Minister.

UK vote share %
Party Date of foundation (2019 general
election)
Conservative and
1834 (1678 as Tory Party) 43.6
Unionist Party
Labour Party Co-
1900 1917 (Co-operative) 32.2
operative Party
Scottish National
1934 3.9
Party
1988 (1859 as Liberal
Liberal Democrats 11.5
Party) (1678 as Whig Party)

1096
Motto: The Lord is my light
Veritas
(Truth for the Church and Christ)
1636

SECTION 3
2. Overview of the United State of America geographical features (area,
position, parts) - national symbols - population (updated statistics)

Geographical features
The term "United States" means
1. The contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii,
2. The five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S.
Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.
 Position
The United States shares land borders with 2 COUNTRIES: Canada and
Mexico

Who is the current us president?

The current president is Joe Biden, (Nov 20, 1942)
The 46th
Who is the current us vice-president?
Kamala Harris, ( Oct 20, 1964, the first femal vice-president)
Which political parties do they belong to?
Democratic

Symbol of the party

Donkey & Elephant
Donkey :Democratic
Elephant: Republic

Which adjective describes the parties?

1. Conservative
2. Liberal
• Republican Party
• Democratic Party

History of the main parties

• Republican Party: Founded in 1854
• Democratic Party: 1824

The UK is a bicameral system. America is a multi-party system

The national symbols
The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America,
and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared
independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain

The total area

a. 7.834.000 km²
b. 8.834.000 km²
c. 9.834.000 km²
What are the top 4 biggest countries in size?
1. Russia: 17.098.242
2. Canada: 9,984,670
3. United States: 9,834.000
4. China: 9,596,960

Top US10 cities with the biggest population

1. New York City Population: 8,398,748
2. Los Angeles-Population: 3,990,456
3. Chicago - Population: 2,705,994
4. Houston - Population: 2,325,502
5. Phoenix - Population: 1,660,272
6.Philadelphia - Population: 1,584,138
7.San Antonio - Population: 1,532,233
8. San Diego - Population: 1,425,976
9. Dallas - Population: 1,345,047
10. San Jose - Population: 1,030,119
Population
The 2021 population of the United States of America
a. 333,241,357
b. 433,241,357
What are the world' top 4 biggest populations?
India: 1,425.8M
China: 1,425.7
United States: 331,002,651
Indonesia: 273,523,615

Language
Does the US have the official language?
English: 78%
Spanish: 14.3%
According to ACS (American Community Survey)

Capital City
Wasington D.C or Wasington
DC= District of Columbia

From what country did US buy Alaska?

In 1867, the U.S. formally took possession of Alaska from Russia for $7.2
million
President Andrew Johnson
The president was called smart or foolish when he bought Alaska?
7.2 M in 1867 equals 132 M today

Which state in the US is the biggest in size?

1. Alaska: 1,477,953 km2
2. Texas: 676,587
3.California: 403,466
Alaska & Hawaii are the youngest states in the US state
In 1959
Hawaii is in the Pacific.
Alaska at the northwest corner of North America, Alaska is the northernmost
and westernmost state

Religions
1. Christianity is the largest religious affiliation at 70.6% (Protestant 48.9%;
Roman Catholic 22%)
2. Non-Christian religions made up 5.9%
3. Jewish 1.9%
4. Muslim 0.9 %,
5. Buddhist 0.7%
6. Hindu 0.7 %
7. Mormon 2%
According to the Pew Research Center (2014)

Ethnicity/race (2010 Census):

1. White: 223,553,265 (72.4%)
2. Black: 38,929,319 (12.6%)
3. Asian: 14,674,252 (4.8%)
4. American Indian and Alaska Native: 2,369,431 (0.8%)
5. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: 1,225,195 (0.4%)
6. Hispanic origin: 50,477,594 (16.3%)
There are multiple reasons that English is not declared as the official language
of the United States.
• First, English speakers were not the first ones in America, Native Americans
were. Colonists immorally dominated the Native Americans and forced their
languages on them; however, this was not just English. There were Spaniards,
French, and more colonists from other European countries.

• Second, because we have so many different cultures and ethnic backgrounds

here, America is considered a "salad bowl." Obviously, people from different
cultures might not speak English at all, because it isn't their native language.

Government
1. Type: Federal Republic
2. Constitution: Written by James Madison in 1789
The founding Fathers: George Washington & James Madison

What is the following number?

$ 26.24 trillion (2023)
GDP: Gross Domestic Product

Labor force
The U.S. labor force reached a high of 164.6 million persons in February 2020
Labor force by occupation
Agriculture: 1.0%
•Industry: 19%
•Services: 80%

US Industry
Leading industrial power in the world
Which religion is the majority religion in the US?
Christianity
Christianity is expected to remain the majority religion in the United States
2050

United States Timeline and History Overview

1. First settlement
1565 - First European settlement in North America - St Augustine, present-day
Florida - founded by the Spanish.
North America is already inhabited by several distinct groups of people, who go
into decline following the arrival of settlers.
2. War of Independence (1774-1781)

• 1774 - Colonists form First Continental Congress as Britain closes down

Boston harbour and deploys troops in Massachusetts.

• 1775-American Revolution: George Washington leads Continental Army to

fight against British rule.

• 1776 4 July - Declaration of Independence endorsed by Congress; colonies

declare independence.

• 1783 - Britain accepts loss of colonies by virtue of Treaty of Paris.

3. Civil War (1861-1865)

• 1854 - Opponents of slavery, or abolitionists, set up Republican Party.
• 1860 - Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln elected president.
• 1860-61-Eleven pro-slavery southern states secede from Union and form
Confederate States of America, triggering civil war with abolitionist northern
states.
• 1863 - Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation, declaring slaves in
Confederate states to be free.
• 1865 Confederates defeated; slavery abolished under Thirteenth Amendment.
Lincoln is assassinated.
Secede :withdraw/ separate from
Emancipation Proclamation : Tuyen Ngon giai phong no le

The cause of Civil War

The South needed Black enslaved people for large-scale farms, and when they
expended the slavery into new western territories, the North feared the
backbone of the economy was in danger
4. World War I and the Great Depression
• 1917-18 - US intervenes in World War I
• 1920 - Women given the right to vote under the Nineteenth Amendment.
• 1920 Sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquor outlawed. The Prohibition era
sees a mushrooming of illegal drinking joints, home- produced alcohol and
gangsterism.
• 1924 - Congress gives indigenous people right to citizenship.
• 1929-33 More than 13 million people are unemployed after the Wall Street
stock market crash of 1929 triggers the Great Depression. President Herbert
Hoover rejects direct federal relief.
• 1933 - President Franklin D Roosevelt launches "New Deal" recovery
programme which includes major public works. Sale of alcohol resumes.
5. World War II(1939-1945) and the Cold War
• 1941 - Japanese warplanes attack US fleet at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii, leading
to US joining World War II against the Axis powers.
• 1945 - US drops two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan
surrenders
• 1947 - US enunciates policy of aid for nations it deems threatened by
communism in what became known as the Truman Doctrine. Cold War with
Soviet Union begins.
• 1948- America's programme to revive ailing post-war European economies -
the Marshall Plan - comes into force. Some $13bn is disbursed over four years
and the plan is regarded as a success.
• 1950-54- Senator Joseph McCarthy carries out a crusade against alleged
communists in government and public life; the campaign and its methods
become known as McCarthyism. In 1954 McCarthy is formally censured by the
Senate.
6. The Vietnam war (1961-1973)
• 1961- President John F. Kennedy sends helicopters and 400 Green Berets to
South Vietnam 1962 - US compels Soviet Union to withdraw nuclear weapons
from Cuba in what has become known as the Cuban missile crisis.
• 1963 - President John F Kennedy assassinated; Lyndon Johnson becomes
president.
• 1964 - US steps up its military intervention in Vietnam. Civil Rights Act
signed into law; it aims to halt discrimination on grounds of race, colour,
religion, nationality.

• 1968 - Black civil rights leader Martin Luther King assassinated.

• 1969 - Republican Party candidate Richard Nixon elected president amid

growing public opposition to Vietnam war. US military presence in Vietnam
exceeds 500,000 personnel.
• US astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon.
• 1972 - Nixon re-elected and makes historic visit to China that leads to
recognition of the communist government.
• 1973 - Vietnam ceasefire agreement signed. The campaign had claimed some
58,000 American lives.

3 Branches of us government
• Legislative-Makes laws (Congress, comprised of the House of Representatives
and the Senate)
• Executive-Carries out laws (president, vice president, Cabinet, most federal
agencies)
• Judicial-Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts)

SECTION 4
Civilization of the United Kingdom
1. The people and their religions
2. The government and legal system
3. The economy, social services and education
4. The British fundamental values and etiquette
- the traditional customs, holidays, leisure, media, sports and arts

1. London remains the 3rd largest city in Europe with about 9.6 million.
2. Almost one third of the population lives in England's prosperous and fertile
southeast
3. Its population density is one of the highest in the world
4. The British Isles have been subject to many invasions.and migrations, from
Scandinavia and the continent, especially Roman occupation for several
centuries.
5. The Roman invasion of Britain was in 55. BC
6. When Rome's strength was weaker, the country again was invaded by Angles,
Saxons, and Jutes in the 5th and 6th centuries AD-up to the Norman conquest in
1066 (11th century)
7. In 1707, England and Scotland were unified as Great Britain, sharing a single
Parliament at Westminster.
The Normans = The French
In which century did the UK reach its largest colonial expansion?
8. British colonial expansion reached its height largely during the reign of
Queen Victoria (1837-1901).
9. Queen Victoria's reign witnessed the spread of British technology, commerce,
language, and government throughout the British Empire which, at its greatest
extent, encompassed roughly one fifth to one- quarter of the world's area and
population

Prehistory and antiquity

1. Celtic antiquity
Before the Romans came to Britain, the majority of Britain was Celtic.
2. Roman invasions
• In 55 BC, Celtic Britain was invaded by the Romans under Julius Caesar,
Caesar's two invasions did not conquer Britain but established it as a major
trading partner of Rome.
• A century later, Claudius, was the first emperor to oversee a successful
invasion.
3. Germanic invasions
• As the Roman Empire declined, by AD 410, Germans began to invade Britain
with a combined army or fleet, but the tribes, notably the Jutes, Angles, and
Saxons, quickly established control over modern-day England
Note: Antiquity :The past, esp. before the Middle Ages (= before the sixth
century), or something of great age.

The Foundation of the United Kingdom

C. 925- The Kingdom of England. Established by the unification of Anglo-
Saxon tribes across modern day England.
1536-Kingdom of England and Wales. A bill enacted by King Henry VIII which
effectively made England and Wales the same country, governed by the same
laws.
1707- Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of England (which includes
Wales) joined with the Kingdom of Scotland to form The Kingdom of Great
Britain.
1801 - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland joins the union,
and once again the name changes.
1922- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Republic of
Ireland (or 'Southern Ireland') withdraws from the union, leaving just the
northern counties of Ireland. This is the UK that remains to this day.

Religions
What's the UK's official religion?
It is Christianity
The UK's most dominant religion?
Anglican (founded by King Henry VIII in 1534)
According to the 2011 Census, Christianity is the largest religion, followed by
Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism. Among Christians,
Anglicans are the most common denomination, followed by the Catholics,
Presbyterians, Methodists and Baptists.

Religion in the United Kingdom (2021 census)

Christianity (59.5%)
No religion (25.7%)
Islam (4.4%)
Hinduism (1.3%)
Sikhism (0.7%)
Judaism (0.4%)
Buddhism (0.4%)
Other religions (0.4%)
Not stated (7.2%)

Christianity
Church of England, Church of Scotland, Church in Wales, Catholic, Protestant
and all other Christian denominations.
The Church of England= The Anglican Church/Anglicanism
Note:
The Anglican Church is known for its relatively liberal policies, such as
allowing the ordination of women and gay priests.
The Church's bishops play a lawmaking role in Britain. Twenty-six bishops sit
in the House of Lords and are referred to as the "Lords Spiritual."

Note: Most schools, colleges and universities have prayer rooms that anyone
can use, as do most public places, such as hotels, hospitals and airports.
2.The Government & Legal system
The UK Parliament is bicameral
It means both the House of Commons and the House of Lords are involved in
making legislation

Responsibilities of the 2 Houses

Which house has more power?
The Commons alone is responsible for making decisions on financial Bills,
such as proposed new taxes. The Lords can consider these Bills but cannot
block or amend them.
The Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament. It is independent from,
and complements the work of, the elected House of Commons. The Lords
shares the task of making and shaping laws and checking and challenging the
work of the government.

The House of Lords is often referred to as the 'Upper House' or 'Second

Chamber'

Unwritten constitution
The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution.
That means the equivalent body of law is based on statute, common law, and
"traditional rights."
Changes may come about formally through new acts of Parliament, informally
through the acceptance of new practices and usage, or by judicial precedents.

Executive power rests nominally with the monarch but actually is exercised by a
committee of ministers (cabinet) traditionally selected from among the members
of the House of Commons and, to a lesser extent, the House of Lords.
The prime minister is normally the leader of the largest party in the Commons.
Nominally = in the name or thought but not in the fact
The Parliament
Parliament represents the entire country.
It legislates for the entire country in matters that are not devolved to the
legislatures in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, such as foreign policy,
energy policy, immigration and border control, and monetary policy.
The devolved legislatures in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales have
varying degrees of legislative authority over other matters.
England does not have its own separate legislative body and Parliament can
therefore legislate in all fields for England.
Devolved: transfer or delegate (power) to a lower level, especially from central
government to local or regional administration.
Ex: "Measures to devolve power to the provinces"

How long is the Parliament term?

As of May 2010, the maximum parliamentary term was 5 years, and the prime
minister could ask the monarch to dissolve Parliament and call a general
election at any time.

The British Prime Minister is elected or appointed?

The UK prime minister is an appointed position, not an elected position.
Are there term limits to Prime Minister?.
The Prime Minister is basically the leader of the largest party. So there are no
time term limits.

1. Sir Robert Walpole - 20 years, 314 days

2. William Pitt the Younger - 18 years, 343 days
3. The Earl of Liverpool - 14 years, 305 days
4. The Marquess of Salisbury - 13 years, 252 days
2. Social Services
Housing
The United Kingdom has one of the highest population densities in Europe.
Housing tends to be smaller and more closely packed than in other countries,
particularly compared to North America.
Terraced houses are typical in inner cities and places high population density
this type, and consequently it dominates inner residential areas.
Terraced Housing
These are actually some of the most well-known and iconic housing types
within the United Kingdom.
Terraced houses are connected by a single wall on either side; leading to a literal
"row" of structures that occupy a street.
Semi-detached house
is a single family house that shares one common wall with the next house
Detached Houses
As the name already suggests, detached houses do not share any walls with a
separate structure. They also tend to have both front and back gardens

In the twentieth century the process of suburbanization led to a spread of semi-

detached and detached housing.
Although many British people live in flats, it is commonly argued that they are
less comfortable with this form of living than their European counterparts.

Living Arrangements
Historically most people in the United Kingdom lived either in conjugal
extended families or nuclear families.
This reflected an economic landscape where the general populace tended to
have less spending power, meaning that it was more practical to stick together
rather than go their individual ways.
This pattern also reflected gender roles. Men were expected to go out to work
and women were expected to stay at home and look after the families.
Conjugal: connected with marriage or the relationship between two married
people

In the 20th century the emancipation of women, the greater freedoms enjoyed
by both men and women in the years following the Second World War, greater
affluence and easier divorce have changed gender roles and living arrangements
significantly.
The general trend is a rise in single people living alone, the virtual extinction of
the extended family (outside certain ethnic minority communities), and the
nuclear family reducing in prominence.

From the 1990s, the break up of the traditional family unit, when combined with
environment and other demographic changes, has created great pressure on the
housing market, in particular regarding the accommodation of key workers such
as nurses, other emergency service workers and teachers, who are priced out of
most housing, especially in the South East.
Priced out of housing = unable to buy a house due to increases in the market
price

Some research indicates that in the 21st century young people are tending to
continue to live in the parental home for much longer than their predecessors.
The high cost of living, combined with rising cost of accommodation, further
education and higher education means that many young people cannot afford to
live independent lives from their families.

What is the UK national sport?

Sport
The national sport of the UK is football, having originated in England, and the
UK has the oldest football clubs in the world.
The home nations all have separate Wembley Stadium, London national teams
and domestic competitions, most notably the FA Premier League, the FA Cup,
and the Scottish Premier League.
The first ever international football match was between Scotland and England in
1872. The match ended goalless.

Which country is the originator of most sports?

A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including:
Football (soccer), squash, golf, tennis, boxing, rugby (rugby union and rugby
league), cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and curling.

National Costume
There is no specifically British national costume. Even individually, England,
Wales and Northern Ireland have only vestiges of a national costume; Scotland
has the kilt and Tam O'shanter.

In England certain military uniforms such as the Beefeater or the Queen's Guard
are considered to be symbolic of Englishness, though they are not official
national costumes. Morris dancers or the costumes for the traditional English
May dance are cited by some as examples of traditional English costume.

It could be argued that the national costume of the British male is a three-piece
suit, necktie and bowler hat - an image regularly used by cartoonists as a
caricature of Britishness.

Naming convention
The naming convention in most of the United Kingdom is for everyone to have
a given name, usually (but not always) indicating the child's sex, followed by a
parent's family name.
This naming convention has remained much the same since the 15th century in
England although patronymic naming remained in some of the further reaches
of the other home nations until much later. Since the 19th century middle names
have become very common and are often taken from the family name of an
ancestor
Where do names traditionally come from?
Traditionally given names were largely taken from the Bible; however, in the
Gothic Revival of the Victorian era, Anglo Saxon and mythical names became
commonplace.

Answer the answers

1. What is the UK national sport?
2. Name some sports that originated in the UK?
3. What is the traditional dress of the Scottish men?
4. What costume is considered the symbolic of Englishness?
5. What is the national costume if the British male?
6. Where do given names come from?