‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Database‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﻥ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺩﻳﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻅﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺍﺑﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺿﺎء ﻫﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻅﻔﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪Database‬‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺿﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻑ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻼﺕ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺩﻳﺭﻱ ‪۱۲٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻳﺔ‪.‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﺗﺭﺍﺑﻁﺔ ﺣﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﺢ ‪۱۲۸‬‬ ‫‪File‬‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺭ ﻧﺻﻳﻑ ‪٦٤۱‬‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﻣﻲ ‪٥۸٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻝ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺩﻳﺭﻱ ‪ ۱۲٤‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻝ‬
‫‪Record‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺍﺑﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻣﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ “ﺍﻟﺭﻣﻭﺯ”‬

‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ‬
‫‪Field‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻓﺻﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫‪*&۱‬؟‪٥ +‬‬ ‫ﻡﺡﻡﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ ﺃﺻﻐﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺩﺓ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻲ‬

‫‪Character‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﺯ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻠﻑ ﺃﻋﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ‪Record‬‬

‫ﺳﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﺻﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺻﺹ‪ :‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻝ ‪Field‬‬ ‫‪٤۰۰۲۱۰۰‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻅﻔﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪۳.۷٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪۱۱۸‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺗﺳﺑﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻳﺕ ‪Byte‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻳﺔ ﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺗﺭﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﺭﺽ ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺗ ٌﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﺣﺳﻭﺱ ﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻫﺯﺓ ﺗﺳﻬﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻧﺷﺄ ﻭ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺣﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺭﺟﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺫﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺃﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻘﻼﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻛﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻧﻣﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﻭﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ‬ ‫•‬
 ‫ﻧﻣﺎﺫﺝ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫• ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﻳﺔ ‪Hierarchical Data Model‬‬
‫• ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﻳﺔ ‪Network Data Model‬‬
‫• ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻘﻳﺔ ‪Relational Data Model‬‬
 ‫ﻫﻳﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ ‪Entity‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ﻳﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺷﻰء ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻅﻑ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻰء ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﻋﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺗﺧﺯﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺻﻧﻑ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،....‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺷﻰء ﺗﺣﺗﻔﻅ ﺑﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء ﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺭ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﻣﺑﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺿﺎء ﻫﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫–‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺻﺭ ‪Attribute‬‬
‫– ﻫﻲ ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ “ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ” ‪،‬‬
‫– ﻫﻲ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺗﻳﺔ ﻟﻭﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫– ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻝ‪.....‬‬
 ‫ﻫﻳﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻘﻳﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ‪Table‬‬
‫– ﻳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﺣﺩﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺻﻔﻭﻑ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻭ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ ﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻝ ﺻﻑ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﻝ ﻋﻧﺻﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ ‪Column‬‬
‫– ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺻﺭ‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ‪Row‬‬
‫– ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻷﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻓﻛﻝ ﻋﻣﻭﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺗﻭﺟﺩ‬
‫ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺿﻡ ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻡ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻭ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
 ‫ﻫﻳﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ ﻳﺣﺗﻔﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ﻳﺣﺗﻔﻅ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ = ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ = ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬

‫‪٤۰.٥۰‬‬ ‫‪۱٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٥۲۸‬‬ ‫‪۱٤۲٥-۲-۱٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٤٥۰‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ = ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ = ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻧﻭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺭ‬
‫‪٤۰.٥۰‬‬ ‫‪۱٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٥۲۸‬‬ ‫‪۱٤۲٥-۲-۱٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٤٥۰‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ‬
‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٥.۰۰‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ‬ ‫‪۱٥۲۸‬‬

‫ﻫﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩ‬
‫‪٤٥٦۱۲٤‬‬ ‫‪ ۱٥‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﺎﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬
 ‫ﻫﻳﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻘﻳﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ‪Key‬‬
‫– ﻋﻧﺻﺭ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺣﻘﻝ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ “ ﺍﻟﺻﻑ” ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ‪.‬‬
‫– ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺃﻭﻟﻳﺎ ً ‪ Primary Key‬ﻳﻣﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ً ﻋﻥ ﻏﻳﺭﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ﻣﻧﻔﺭﺩﺍً ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﻳﺩﺍً‪.‬‬
‫– ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﻧﻭﻳﺎ ً ‪ Secondary Key‬ﻭ ﻫﻭ ﻳﻣﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ﻭ ﻻﻛﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺟﻌﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ ﻣﻧﻔﺭﺩﺍً‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺃﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫‪٤۰.٥۰‬‬ ‫‪۱٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٥۲۸‬‬ ‫‪۱٤۲٥-۲-۱٥‬‬ ‫‪۱٤٥۰‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﻧﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫• ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺣﺩ‬
‫• ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺓ‬
‫• ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﻧﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‬

‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻛﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩ‬

‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻛﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻭﺭﺩ‬