TURKISH

NUCLEAR
POWER
PROGRAMME

NUCLEAR
ENERGY
PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
DEPARTMENT
 0 75 150 km
BLACK SEA
BULGARIA 0 75 150 mi
GEEORGIA

SİNOP SİTE
BOSBORUS
GREECE İstanbul
Hopa
Kocaeli (İzmit) Samsun
MARMARA Trabzon
DENİZİ ARMENIA
DARDANELLES Gemlik
Bursa Erzurum
Eskişehir Sivas EUPHRATES
Balıkesir ANKARA

LAKE VAN IRAN

Elazığ Van
İzmir Kayseri
Aksaray
Diyarbakır TIGRIS
Konya
Kahramanmaraş
Şanlıurfa
Antalya İçel
Adana Gaziantep
(Mersin)
AEGEAN Iskenderun
SEA AKKUYU SİTE
IRAQ
TRNC SYRIA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA

REPUPLIC OF CYPRUS
PROFILE
COUNTRY
 Population

The population of Turkey is about 77 million, and the population density is about
100 inhabitants per km2 (Table 1). It is estimated that the population of Turkey will
reach about 84 millions in 2023.

Average
annual
growth (%)

Years 19701 19801 19901 20001 20102 20133 2000 to 2013

Population 35.605 44.737 56.473 67.804 73.723 76.668 0.95

(millions)
Population density
46 58 73 88 96 100 0.99
(inhabitants/km2)

Urban population
38,5 43,9 59,0 64,9 76,3 91,3 2,66
(% of total)
Area

TABLE-1
(1000 km2) 770

Economic Data

Table 2 shows the historical data of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

GDP was 810 billion of current US$ and GDP/capita was 10,782 current
US$/capita in 2013.

Average
annual
growth rate (%)

19701 19801 19901 20001 20102 20133 2000 to 2013

GDP 18825* 67457* 149195* 265384 734929 810012 8.96

(millions of current US$)
GDP (millions of constant
72436 105739 112388 3.44
1998 Turkish Liras)

GDP per capita

1241 2884 5849 9172 15666
(PPP US$/capita)
GDP per capita
TABLE-2

533* 1518* 2655* 4130 10067 10782 7.11

(current US$/capita)
* old base year (1987) Reference: Turkish Statistical Institute
 Energy Statistic

Annual
growth
rates (%)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2012 2000 to 2013

Energy consumption

Total 0.79 1.34 2.22 3.37 3.81 4.57 5.03 3.39

Solids 0.45 0.62 0.99 1.28 1.23 1.59 1.79 2.83

Liquids 0.33 0.68 1.00 1.36 1.35 1.22 1.31 -0.31

Gases 0.13 0.58 1.03 1.46 1.56 8.60

Nuclear

Hydro 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.21 5.54

Other Renewables 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.16 12.25

Energy production

Total 0.61 0.73 1.06 1.09 1.03 1.37 1.34 1.74

Solids 0.44 0.58 0.79 0.80 0.70 0.92 0.86 0.61

Liquids 0.16 0.11 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.10 -1.53

Gases 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00

Nuclear

Hydro 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.21 5.54

Other Renewables 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.16 12.25

Net Import
(Import - Export)
TABLE-3

Total 0.18 0.62 1.21 2.29 2.84 3.32 3.84 4.40

Reference: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
 Turkey puts in its priorities to establish

WHAT IS
securing the supply of energy sources have
been developed, besides general trends in

TURKISH
the world, by analyzing the policies and
strategies of all constituents important in

ENERGY
regional and global energy dynamics and
especially from the perspective of EU

POLICY?
acquisitions and directives and Turkey’s
geopolitical position. Turkey's fundamental
energy policy can be summarized as:

• Minimizing dependency on supply of energy sources from foreign

countries,
• Diversification of energy sources and routes
• Increasing the rate of domestic and renewable energy sources,
• Generation, transmission and consumption of energy efficiently,
• Increasing state and private industry capabilities under liberalized
energy markets framework,
• Activating policies which enforce measures to provide Turkey’s energy
demand in a safe, sustainable, economic way with minimum impacts
on the environment.

Security
of Supply

TURKISH
Competitiveness ENERGY Sustainability
POLICY
 Why did Turkey decide to build nuclear power plants (NPPs)?

Countries which can utilize their energy sources in an economic and sustainable
way take place in the front of the trade and development pace. Therefore with
a population of 77 million and electricity demand increasing by 7 percent
annually, Turkey must add NPPs to the share of energy sources used for
electricity generation.
Nuclear energy has a great importance for Turkey in terms of reducing the
dependency on energy import. Net energy import constituted 62% of Turkish
foreign trade deficit in 2012. This situation results in the continuation of
dependency on energy import and puts pressure on current account balance
and energy supply security of Turkey.

Energy Import Dependency

100% -

90% -
80% -

70% -

60% -

50% - Total dependency: 72%

40% -

30% -

20% -
10% -

0% -

Natural Gas Oil Coal

Total Electricity Generation Distribution in 2013

Geothermal 0,6%

1% Fuel Oil Biomass 0,5%

3,1% Wind Natural Gas 43,8%

24,7% Hydropower Coal 26,3%

 What are the projections for electricity supply and
demand in Turkey?

Projections for year 2023 are that total installed electricity generation capacity will
reach 110,000 – 130,000 MW and electricity demand will reach 500 billion kWh. It
is clear that almost all of the natural gas and liquid fuels and 30% of coal used for
electricity generation in Turkey are imported. On the other hand, even if all feasible
renewable energy capacity such as hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal and
biomass are used for generating electricity, only half of Turkey’s electricity demand
could be supplied from these sources alone.

Electricity Demand Projection

600 500 TWh/yr

500
:7%
400
th Rate
Grow
246 TWh/yr and
300 Dem
200

100

2013 2023

Renewable Installed Capacity Installed Capacity Feasible Capacity

Energy Sources Potential (MW) in 2013 (MW) for Utilization (MW)

Hydropower 36,000 22,289.1 36,000

Wind 48,000 2,759.6 20,000

Solar 50,000 0 3,000

Geothermal 600 310.8 600

Biomass 2,000 224 2,000

TOTAL
TABLE-4

136,600 25,583.5 61,600

 What are the NPP projects in Turkey?

In May 2010, Turkey and Russia signed an intergovernmental agreement (IGA) for
the first NPP to be constructed and operated at the Akkuyu site; with a total of 4
units and installed capacity of 4800 MW (reactor type is VVER-1200 AES-2006).
Rosatom, through Atomstroyexport and Inter RAO UES, finances the Project and
start off with 100% equity in the Akkuyu project company set up to build, own,
operate and decommission the plant.

Turkey is also planning the construction of second NPP at the Sinop site. To achieve
this, an IGA was signed with Japan on 3 May 2013. Therefore, Turkey is expected to
have at least 10.000 MWe installed capacity from NPPs in the next 10-15 years.
Along with the plans to construct NPPs, Turkey is in the process of enhancing its
human resources and nuclear knowledge capacity and updating its existing nuclear
legislation by taking into consideration the latest safety standards series issued by
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The importance of Akkuyu and Sinop NPPs which will provide a reliable electricity
generation source and diversify the energy supply for electricity generation is
evident. Akkuyu and Sinop NPPs will generate approximately
80 billion kWh of electricity in total.
 What is the localization plan of Turkey for
Akkuyu and Sinop NPP projects?
Turkey wishes to increase localization in Akkuyu and Sinop NPP projects which has
a market potential of 16 billion US dollars. The assessment of Turkish Industry for
participation in NPP projects are conducted by the Ministry of Energy and Natural
Resources. Currently more than 500 Turkish Companies have shown interest to
these projects and registered to online “Company Inventory Form”. The road map
for the localization activities are given below:

01 Application of companies to
online Company Inventory Form www.nukleer.gov.tr

02 On-site visits for capacity assessment of companies

who have filled the Company Inventory Form.

03 Gap analysis of companies who have filled the

Company Inventory Form

04 Implementation of capacity development plans for

these companies.

Sectoral Distribution of 500 Turkish Companies

5% Laboratory equipment

6% Occupational Health

Electromechanical equipment 23%

10% HVAC

11% Piping Construction 21%

12% Electrical equipment Pressurrized vessels 12%

 What are the outcomes of on-site visits to
companies for capacity assessment?

MENR has organized on-site visits together with universities, chambers of industry
and regional development agencies. The taken outcomes of these visits are given
below:
1) Experienced manufacturing companies for:
• Machinery
• Piping installations.
• Heavy forging machinery,
• Design, manufacturing and assembly of hydroelectric power plant
equipments.
2) Equipments manufactured in compliance with international standards
which are:
• Electrical equipment,
• Heat exchangers
• Pressure vessels produced for oil and gas refineries,
• Piping installations.
3) Partnerships with international companies for manufacturing of:
• Pumps and valves used in NPPs,
• Piping installations,
• Nuclear grade steel,
• IT systems,

What are the incentives for investment in Turkey?

The incentives for investment in Turkey have three fundamental purposes:

1) Support of strategic investments.
2) Increase the effectiveness of regional incentive applications.
3) Development of least developed regions.
Turkey is divided into 6 regions starting from the most developed
(1st region) to least developed as given below:

1. Region 2. Region 3. Region 4. Region 5. Region 6. Region

The opportunities of application for incentives improve as the number of region
selected for investment increases. The investment incentive types which are
specified in Turkish legislation and the opportunities for investors are summarized
below:

The Invesment Incentives Program

General Regional Large Scale Strategic

Investment Investment Investment Investment
Incentive Incentive Incentive Incentive

• Custom Duty Exemption • Custom Duty Exemption • Custom Duty Exemption • Custom Duty Exemption

• VAT Exemption • VAT Exemption • VAT Exemption • VAT Exemption

• Tax Reduction • Tax Reduction • Tax Reduction

• Social Security Premium • Social Security Premium • Social Security Premium

Support (Employer’s Share) Support (Employer’s Share) Support (Employer’s Share)

• Land Allocation • Land Allocation • Land Allocation

• Interest Support • Interest Support

• VAT Refund

What are the national organizations involved in

nuclear program of Turkey?

Organization Activity

Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Nuclear Energy Policy and Implementation

Turkish Atomic Energy Authority Nuclear Regulatory Body

Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Environmental Policy and Regulation

Energy Market Regulatory Authority Energy Market Regulation

Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Emergency Preparedness and

Management Presidency Response Planning

Turkish Electricity Transmission Company Electricity Grid Owner and Operator

Turkish Electricity Trading and State Owned Contractor for Purchase and
TABLE-5

Contracting Company Sales of Electricity

 What are the constituents of legislative and
regulatory framework for nuclear program of Turkey?

Laws Status

Law on Turkish Atomic Energy Authority In Force

Law on Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and Energy Sale In Force

Environmental Law In Force

Law on Electricity Market In Force

Nuclear Energy Law

(Including amendment to Law on Turkish Atomic Energy Authority) Draft

Civil Liability Law in Nuclear Damage Draft

Decrees Status

Decree on Licensing of Nuclear Installations In Force

Regulations Status

Regulation on Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Preparedness In Force

Regulation on Protection of Outside Workers from Risks of Ionizing

In Force
Radiation in Controlled Areas

Regulation on Radioactive Waste Management In Force

Regulation on Safe Transportation of Radioactive Materials In Force

Regulation of the Physical Protection of Nuclear Facilities and Nuclear Materials In Force

Regulation on Clearance in Nuclear Facilities and Release of

Site From Regulatory Control In Force

Regulation on Design Principles for Safety of Nuclear Power Plants In Force

TABLE-6
Laws

NUCLEAR ENERGY PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION DEPARTMENT

Phone: + 90 312 222 74 32 • Fax: + 90 312 215 35 96
ANKARA / TURKEY