Abdullah Shaheen Comp1805 Assignment One 101100558

1. I learned to play a musical instrument and I don’t own a guitar

b. I learned to play a musical instrument if and only if I can read music

c. If I can read music and I own a guitar then I learned to play a musical instrument

2. Let a be the proposition “There are maple trees”

Let b be the proposition “it is spring”
Let c be the proposition “we can make maple syrup”

(𝑎 ∧ 𝑏) → 𝑐

b. Let a be the proposition “You are never bored”

Let b be the proposition “you have a cellphone”

Let c be the proposition “you have a good book.”

(𝑏 ∨ 𝑐) → ¬𝑎

c. Let a be the proposition “I have airmiles”

Let b be the proposition “I have not flown in an airplane”

𝑎∧𝑏

3. (4 > 3) ∧ (𝐹 < 𝑇) ∧ (6 < 8)

𝑇∧𝑇∧𝑇
𝑇∧𝑇
T

b. ((2 < 3) ∨ (2 > 7)) → (3 < 4)

(T ∨ F) → T

T→T

T
Abdullah Shaheen Comp1805 Assignment One 101100558

c. (2+2 = 4) ↔ ((6=3) ∨ (5<2))

T ↔ (F ∨ F)
T↔F
F

4. ¬(¬(¬𝑝  r)  q)  ¬(¬𝑞 ∧ ( ¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟))

5. As you can see we get the same answer for the truth tables for both equation hence proving
they are equivalent.

p q r ¬𝑟 ¬𝑞 𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟 (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟) ↔ ¬𝑞
T T T F F T F
T T F T F T F
T F T F T T T
T F F T T T T
F T T F F F T
F T F T F F F
F F T F T F F
F F F T T T T

Full equation = ¬(¬(¬𝑝  r)  q)  ¬(¬𝑞 ∧ ( ¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟)) as in question 4

Let:
a = (¬𝑝  r)
b = ¬(¬𝑝  r)
c = (¬(¬𝑝  r)  q)
d = ( ¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟)
e = (¬𝑞 ∧ ( ¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟))
f = ¬𝑐 ∧ ¬𝑒

p q r ¬𝑝 ¬𝑞 ¬𝑟 a b c ¬𝑐 d e ¬𝑒 f
T T T F F F F T T F F F T F
T T F F F T F T T F F F T F
T F T F T F F T F T F F T T
T F F F T T F T F T F F T T
F T T T F F T F F T T F T T
F T F T F T F T T F F F T F
F F T T T F T F F T T T F F
F F F T T T F T F T F F T T
Abdullah Shaheen Comp1805 Assignment One 101100558

6. (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟) ↔ ¬q

((𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟) → ¬q) ∧ (¬q → (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟)) by the biconditional equivalence

(¬ (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟) ∨ ¬q) ∧ (¬q → (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟)) by the implication equivalence

(¬ (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟) ∨ ¬q) ∧ (¬¬q ∨ (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟)) by the implication equivalence

( (¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟) ∨ ¬q ) ∧ (¬¬q ∨ (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟)) by DeMorgan's law

¬ ( ¬ (¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟) ∧ q ) ∧ (¬¬q ∨ (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑟)) by DeMorgan's law

¬ ( ¬ (¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟) ∧ q ) ∧ (¬¬q ∨ ¬(¬ 𝑝 ∧ 𝑟) ) by DeMorgan's law

¬ ( ¬ (¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟) ∧ q ) ∧ ¬(¬q ∧ (¬ 𝑝 ∧ 𝑟) ) by DeMorgan's law

= ¬(¬(¬𝑝  r)  q)  ¬(¬𝑞 ∧ ( ¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑟)) Final Answer!

7. Full: ¬(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∨ ¬(𝑝 ↔ 𝑞)

a=𝑝∨𝑞

b = ¬(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞)

c=𝑝↔𝑞
d = ¬(𝑝 ↔ 𝑞)

This is a contingency

p q a b c d Full
T T T F T F F
T F T F F T T
F T T F F T T
F F F T T F T
Abdullah Shaheen Comp1805 Assignment One 101100558

7b. Full: (𝑝 → ¬𝑞) → ¬(𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞)

A = 𝑝 → ¬𝑞

B = 𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞

C = ¬(𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞)

This is a contingency

p q ¬𝑞 A B C Full
T T F F F T T
T F T T F T F
F T F T T F T
F F T T F T T

7c. Full: ((𝑞 → ¬𝑝) ∨ (𝑞 ∧ 𝑝)) → (𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑝)

A = 𝑞 → ¬𝑝

B=𝑞∧𝑝

C = ((𝑞 → ¬𝑝) ∨ (𝑞 ∧ 𝑝))

D = (𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑝)

This is a contradiction

q p ¬𝑝 A B C D Full
T T F F T T F F
T F T T F T F F
F T F T F T F F
F F T T F T F F
Abdullah Shaheen Comp1805 Assignment One 101100558

8. (a → ¬(b ∨ c)) ∧ ((¬b → c) ∧ a)

1. (¬a ∨ ¬(b ∨ c)) ∧ ((¬¬b ∨ c) ∧ a) By Implication

2. (¬a ∨ (¬b ∧ ¬c)) ∧ ((¬¬b ∨ c) ∧ a) By DeMorgan's law

3. (¬a ∨ (¬b ∧ ¬c)) ∧ ((b ∨ c) ∧ a) By Double negation

4. (¬a ∨ (¬b ∧ ¬c)) ∧ ((a ∧ b) ∨ (c ∧ a)) By Distributivity

5. ((¬a ∨ ¬b) ∧ (¬a ∨ ¬c)) ∧ ((a ∧ b) ∨ (c ∧ a)) By Distributivity

6. ((¬a ∧ ¬a ∨ ¬c) ∧ (¬b ∧ ¬a ∨ ¬c)) ∧ ((a ∨ a ∧ c) ∧ (b ∨ a ∧ c)) By Distributivity

7. ((¬a ∧ ¬a ∨ ¬c) ∧ (¬b ∧ ¬a ∨ ¬c)) ∧ ((a ∧ c) ∧ (b ∨ a ∧ c)) By Absorption

8. ((¬a ∨ ¬c) ∧ (¬b ∧ ¬a ∨ ¬c)) ∧ ((a ∧ c) ∧ (b ∨ a ∧ c)) By Absorption

9. ((¬a ∨ ¬c) ∧ (a ∧ c) ∧ (b ∨ a ∧ c)) ∨ ((b ∨ a ∧ c) ∧ (a ∧ c) ∧ (¬b ∧ ¬a ∨ ¬c))

By Distributivity

10. (F ∧ (b ∨ a ∧ c)) ∨ (F ∧ (a ∧ c)) By Domination

11. F ∨ 𝐹 False

12. F

Since the final answer is F that means the equation is a contradiction