CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

Natural phenomena things that happen naturally. Example : lightning, bud turns into Ilower,
ice melting.
1.0 aboratory Apparatus:
Name Uses/function
%est tube %o hold liquids or chemicals in small amount
Boiling tube %o boil solution
Beaker %o hold liquids or chemicals in a small amount
Measuring cylinder %o measure volume oI liquids
Pipette %o measure a Iixed volume oI liquids
Burette %o measure small volume oI liquid
Conical Ilask %o hold liquids or chemicals
Crucible %o hold solids Ior strong heating over a Ilame
Evaporating dish %o hold liquids Ior evaporating
Gas jar %o collect gases
%ripod stand %o support apparatus when heat
Filter Iunnel %o separate solids Irom liquids when used with Iilter paper
Retort stand %o hold or support apparatus

2.0 Hazard symbols:
Symbol Meaning and examples

CORROSIVE
-concentrated sulphuric acid

EXPLOSIVE
-sodium, potasium

POISONOUS
-mercury, hydrogen sulphide

IRRITANT
-ammonia, chloroIorm

RADIOACTIVE
-uranium, radium

LAMMABLE
-kerosene, ethanol

4.0 Steps to ScientiIic Investigation (8 IHPVDACR)
1. IdentiIying the problem
2. Making hypothesis
3. Planning the experiment
4. Controlling variables
5. Collecting data
6. Analysing and interpreting data
7. Making conclusion
8. Reporting

5.0 Physical quantities:
Physical properties SI unit Unit symbol
ength Metre m
Mass Kilogram kg
%ime Second s
%emperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A

6.0 eight and Mass:
EIGHT MASS
Gravitional Iorce acting on an object %he quantity oI matter in an object
Not Iixed Fixed
Newton (N) Kilogram (kg)
Spring balance, compression balance Electronic balance, triple beam balance,
lever balance
EIH% G ravity (so not Iixed)
ASS M 2atter



7.0 Measuring tools:
Instrument method
Straight line Metre rule
Curve line -String and ruler
-Opisometre
Diametre of
sphere or
cylinders
-Internal callipers and ruler (internal diametre)
-External callipers and ruler (external diametre)
Area
-Regular
plane
surIace
-Irregular
surIace

-Formulae


-Graph paper (counted as one iI halI or more than halI)
Jolume
-Regular
shape
-Irregular
shape

-Formulae

-ater displacement method (use measuring cylinder) , displacement can
Eureka















CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
Multiple-choice Questions
1. hich oI the Iollowing is a natural phenomenon?
A. Rubbish in the drain.
B. Boys playing Iootball.
C. A coconut Iruit Ialls to the ground.
D. A child running toward her mother.

2. Diagram 1 shows an apparatus used in the laboratory.
hat is the Iunction oI the apparatus?

A. Hold liquids in small amount.
B. Measure a Iixed volume oI liquids.
C. Measure a small volume oI liquids.
D. %ransIer liquid Irom beaker to another apparatus.

3. %he inIormation below shows the steps involved in a scientiIic investigation.




hich is the correct order in carrying an experiment
A. O, M, Q, P, N
B. O, N, P, M, Q
C. M, O, N, P, Q
D. M, P, Q, O, N

4. hich oI the Iollowing statements is correct about mass and weight?
A %he weight oI an object is measured by a lever balance.
B. %he mass oI an object is determined by the pull oI gravity.
C %he weight oI an object is determined by the pull oI gravity.
D %he mass oI an object is determined by its molecular structure.

M controlling variables
N making a conclusion
P analyzing and interpreting data
O planning experiment
Q collecting data

Diagram 1.
5. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus used to determine the volume oI Iive nails.
II all the Iive nails are similar, what is the volume oI one nail?
A. 2 cm
3

B. 10 cm
3

C 43 cm
3

D. 53 cm
3




6. Diagram 3 shows a bottle containing substance Y labelled with a hazard warning symbol






hich oI the Iollowing is true about Y?
A. Irritant
B. Poisonous
C. Corrosive
D. Flammable

7. hich oI the Iollowing pairs oI basic quantities and SI units is correctly matched?


Basic quantity
Kuantiti asas
SI unit
Unit SI

A ength kilogram
B Mass ampere
C %ime minute
D %emperature kelvin




Diagram 2
Diagram 3
8. M, N and S are steps to measure external diameter oI an object



M N S
hich one is the correct sequence?
A. M, N, S
B. N, M, S
C. S, N, M
D. S, M, N

9. hich oI the Iollowing is the most suitable apparatus Ior measuring the distance
between two towns on a map?
A A measuring tape
B A piece oI graph paper
C An opisometer and a ruler
D External calipers and a ruler


10. hich oI the Iollowing is used to measure weight?
A. A spring balance
B. A lever balance
C. A beam balance
D. An electronic balance









Structured Questions
1. Diagram 1 shows the tools that are used to measure weight or mass.

M


N


P





S

a) Mark ) tools that are used to measure weight.
b) Name M and P in Diagram 1.

M ...... P .....................
c) Draw lines to match the correct statements Ior mass .









Quantity oI matter in the object
%he value changed according to the place
SI unit is kilogram
MA88
SI unit is Newton
. Diagram 2 shows the measuring tools S , P, and R to measure volume oI liquid.


S P R

S ................................. P ................................ R ...............................

a. Name any two apparatus shown in the diagram.

b. Draw lines to show the correct match between the apparatus and their Iunctions.
Draw lines as shown below.
0asurin tool Function
S

P

R


c. Name the apparatus used to measure
i) exactly 25 ml oI dilute hydrochloric acid

..............................................................

ii) 16.8 ml oI sodium hydroxide solution.

..............................................................

To measure small volume of liquid
To measure volume of liquids
To measure a fixed volume of
liquids

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
ANSERS

Multiple-choice Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C B A C B C D B C C


Structured Questions
1. a. P & S
b. M %riple beam balance P Newton spring balance
c.







2 a. S Pipette. P Measuring cylinder. R Burette
b. S : %o ,easure a Iixed volume oI liquids
R : to meaaure amaII voIume of Iiquid
c. i) Pipette ii ) Burette



Quantity oI matter in the object
%he value changed according to the place
SI unit is kilogram
MA88
SI unit is Newton