TSTRUC3 Group Problem Case Study TITLE: Support Settlements in Continuous Beams Written Report Checklist Criteria Score 1, INTRODUCTION: Deseribe the general problem and objectives of the case study (10) 2. THEORY: Present the theory, methodology & relevant matrices (15) 3, STRUCTURAL MODEL: Describe & label the structural model for the case study (15) 4, SOLUTION: Show the DSM solution using MS Exel (15) 5. GRASP; Show the GRASP model & outputs — diagrams, tables (15) 6, COMPARISON: Compare & discuss the DSM & GRASP outputs (10) 1 LE ONS: Present lessons learned from the case study (15) 8, REFERENCES Show useful references used (5) Total Description of Accomplishment of Group Members (List the individual contribution of each, ‘member in the completion of the case study with respect to the written checklist) Group Member's Name Accomplishments ARANDIA, ALDUS, Structural Model MIKHAIL Excel Grasp Comparison of Excel and Grasp Solution EUGENIO, JUAN MIGUEL | Structural Model Introduction Theory Discussion of Results and Conclusion References PUA NG, CARL ANGELO | Introduction Structural Model Theory Lessons Discussion of Results and Conclusion ReferencesTSTRUC3: SUPPORT SETTLEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS BEAMS ARANDIA, ALDUS MIKHAIL. EUGENIO, JUAN MIGUEL PUA NG, CARL ANGELO ABSTRACT The topic is about the support settlements in continuous beams. Since support settlements is a very important consideration in designing structures, the goal of this paper is to use the direct stiffness method to solve for the displacements, reactions and member forces in continuous beams with support settlements. In using the direct stiffness method, the analysis of the continuous beam with support settlement has two methods. The first method is replacing the settlement with an equivalent load or moment and the second method is to set the displacement by the corresponding settlement in the displacement matrix. After the analysis of continuous beams ‘with support settlements, itis found out thatthe settlement significantly affects the displacements, reactions, member forces and the shear and moment diagrams. 1. INTROD' ‘TION Settlement is an occurrence where the ground sinks because of the presence of a load or weight. This occurrence mostly happens in the soil where the foundation of a structure is laid. Computations considering the settlement of the supports is significant in designing a structure because if the settlement is not accounted for in the design, it would lead to insufficient planning and would incur a lot more cost when the settlement occurs. It could lead to ‘occurrences such as the structural failures shown in Figure 1.1 below. Im Figure 1.1 Support Settlements in houses‘The objectives in the study include: ‘calculate the moments, reactions, shear forces, and displacements of the beam due to support settlements. 2. To analyze the beam affected by support settlements using Direct Stiffness Method 3. To compare the results by replacing the settlement by an equivalent force and set u=0 and replacing the displacement by the settlement in the displacement matrix. Il, STRUCTURAL MODEL AND MATRIX FORMULATION ‘The structural model in Fig 2.1 is a continuous beam with four spans of equal lengths. ‘The beam is fixed on both ends and roller supports are placed along the spans. The stiffness of all the members are the same it is assumed that EI is also constant. The loading consist of a uniformly distributed load of 15 kN/m applied throughout the beam and a midspan load of 20 KN applied at the two members at the middle. The given settlement is -20 mm which is located at the middle roller of the beam. For the global stiffiness matrix of all the beam elements in the figure, it is given in Fig 2.2. In order to solve for the unknown forces and displacement, the global stiffiness matrix of each element are all added to form the global stiffness matrix. Finally, the structure stiffness equation is used to solve for the unknown forces and displacements contin 20KN 20KN tT t 9 Ts v Figure 2.1: Structural Model with the corresponding loading and degrees of freedomFigure 2.2: Global Stiffness Matrix for each Beam Element Ill. MATRIX SOLUTION USING EXCEL member 1 global stiffness matrix L=4m 4 5 6 1 2594.53125| _5189,0625[ -2594.53125| 5189.06] 5189.0625 13837.5| _-5189.0625| 6918.75] [(-2594.53125| -5189.0625[_2594.53125| -5189.06 5189.0625 6918.75] _-5189.0625] 13837.5| member 2 global stiffness matrix L=4m 6 1 7 2 2594.53125| _5189.0625] -2594.53125| 5189.06 5189.0625 13837.5| -5189.0625| 6918.75] [/-2594.53125| -5189.0625[ 2594.53125| -5189.06| 5189.0625 6918.75| -5189.0625| 13837.5| RoauD NROmember 3 global stiffness matrix L=4m 7 2 8 3 259453425] _5189,0625] -2594.53125| 5189.06] 7 5189.0625| 13837.5| -5189.0625| 6918.75 2 [/-2594.53125| -5189.0625[_2594.53125| -5189.06| 8 5189.0625| 6918.75| -5189.0625| 13837.5 3 member 4 global stiffness matrix L=4m 8 3 9 10 2594,53125| _5189.0625] -2594,53125| $189.06] 8 5189.0625| 13837.5| -5189.0625| 6918.75 3 /-2594.53425| -5189.0625_2594.53125| -5189.06| 9 5189.0625| 6918.75| -5189.0625| 13837.5 10 Figure 3.1 Global Stiffness Matrix for each Member 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 310 ers | ewe O_ | sissne [esters [0 [siwace| oo [oe woia7s | 2787 | amas | o | 0 [sieve] 0 |-Siso0s[ 0 [0 0 e185 | 27675 | 0 | 0 | 0 [s18906| 0 | 516006] eo18.75, 3188.0625 ° 0 | aseasa [stasoe[aseasay oo [| o | o | 0 6318.75 ° 0 | 5189.06 [138375 |-s18905] 0 | 0 | o | 0 0 3188.0825 0 __|-2504.53] 5189.08] stasos |-7ssas3[ 0 [0 | since | 0 | sie.ces | o | 0 |-2ssasa| stone [assess] 0 | 0 0 3i68.065 | 0 0 | _0_| 0 [2504.53] 189.06 [2598.53 5189.06 0 o| -stas0e5 | 0 | 0 | o | 0 |-259a53| 2530.53 | 5189.05, 0 ° e175 | _o | o | 0 | 0 | stes.0|-s1e9.06] 13897.5 Figure 3.2: Structure Stiffness Matrix A.) Using the First Method (Replace the settlement by an equivalent force and moment) Figure 3.3: Structure Stiffness Equation llelelelelelale|Inverse of Kop 3.871076-05 ~1.03230E-05, 2.58098E-06 “1.0324E-05. ‘4.12957E-05 “1.08239E-05 72.58098E-06 ~1.03239E-05, 3.8744 7E-05 Figure 3.4: Computation of Displacements Solving for P pa [-21.334 ps |-28.4453 P6 0 P7 | 42.668 PB 0 po | -21.334 Pio [28.4453 Figure 3.5: Computation of ReactionsMember 1 E i vu Fixed End Forces i 2504S] SiR o6f 2504.53] $109 06 oO 20) 5 5189.06] 138375) 5189.06] 6918.75] x oO + 20 Fe 25 5a 189.067 2594 59] -5189.05 o 30) L '5189.06| 6918.75] 5189.06] 13857. AHEOS 20 Member? r fa u Fixed End Forces 6 2584.sa] Stas o6f 2594.55] 518500 a 91.890675 FL 5169.06] 138975) -sue9.06] c01875) x [=AuiE03| + [asa7e125 7 2504.53] -s1a0.06f 2594.53] 5189 06 o =11.20063 Fz '5289.06| 6916.75] 5189.06] 13837. ‘EH T8125 Figure 3.6: Computation of Member Forces for Member | & 2 Member 3 F 3 vu Fixed End Forces 7 TSuaS3]_S1GO.G6] 255453] 5180.08 0 “1180063 2 | = [[stenoe| 138975| -stas.os| co1e75| x [ooo] + |-ra7ax25 7596.53] -5189.06f 2534.53] 5189.06) oO 91,890625 5 589.06] 6918.75| 5189.05] 13837.5 AHE08 134 Member a E 1g vu Fixed End Foreas | = [stasne| 138975] staoos| eoie7s| x [aniecs] + 20) 5 754 59] S189 067 7554.53] 5189 06) a 30) Fa '5269.06|_6918.75| 5169.05] 3837.5 o 20 Figure 3.7: Computation of Member Forces for Member 3 & 4B.) Using the Second Method (Set 0.02m in the displacement matrix) oy. Soe (| a i a Te oo]: am won| eee wee ef ee = a ee . — n = Fig 3.8: Structure Stiffness Equation Inverse of Kpp S.BTAA7E-05 | -1.032356-05 | 2.580986-06 0324-05 | 4.12957 05 | 1.032396 05 2.58098E.06 | -1.032396.05 | 5.874076-05 uo = kop-1) (Fp: koa* ug) Fig 3.9: Computation of Displacements Solving for P Pa -21.334 PS | -28.4453 Ps | 51.2606 7 (61.1133 pa | §4.8906 pa | 24.334 pio [28.4453 Fig 3.10: Computation of ReactionsMember 1 F a uv Fixed End Forces 4 258453] 189.06] 255453] 519.05 o 30, 5 's189,06| 3837.5] -5189.06] 6918.75] x ao # 20) 6 259453] 9189,06f 2594.53] 5189.05 0. 30. ia '5189,06|_6918.75| -5189.06] 13837-5 “ano 20) Member 2 is ku u xed End Forces 6 SaaS] TES 06] -259453]_S19.05 0 40 iL 189.06) 138375] 5180.08 eo18.75) x [-4i1e03| + 30) 7 2594.53] -5189,06f 2594.53] -5189.06| 0.02 20 2 $5189.06) 6918.75] 5189.05) 13837.5 ‘E00. 30) ig 3.11: Computation of Member Forces for Members 1 and 2 Member 3 F fa vu Freed End Forces 7 seas] 519.06] 259453] 5185.05] 0.02 a0 FR = [siss.06[ 13837.5| -s1a9.06| 6918.75] » | 0.00600) + 30, Fe [asoa sa) -s129 067” 2594.53] -s19.05] 0 40 3 5189.06] 6918.75] 5189.06) 13837.5 RaE0S 30 Member 4 iE ig u Fixed End Forces Fé DSA Sa] 519.067 259453] 5289.05] © 30 9 2594,53] “5189.06 2594.53] 5189.05] 0 30 Fo 5189.06) 6918.75) 5189.06) 138375 0 20. Fig 3.12: Computation for Member Forces for Members 3 and 4IV. COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS | sm i: 2 i: 2h wu f aaa ww Figure 4.1: Structural Model in Grasp. fal Nodal Reactions Live Load Copy Dose | 1 C0000 8.6660 “8.4453 | 2 | 121.8906 | 3 | 18.8867 Zz 121.8906 5 | .o000 8.6660 8.4453 Figure 4.2: Nodal Reactions using Grasp re [radians] 0.000000 9.000000 ‘.000000 -4.11134E-03 { -20.000000) §.89512E-20 ‘.000000 4.111346-03 ‘.000000 o.o00000 Figure 4.3: Nodal Displacements using Grasp Live Load Copy | _ Close Member} Mz.i IKN-m) Mei [KN-m} Fy. [KN] FyiIKN] | +) q| 84459 “76.8906 8.6660 51.40 |_I 2 76.8906, 45.3059 70.5585 9.4634Figure 4.4: Member I and 2 Forces using Grasp Live Load Copy | Close Member] Mai [KN-ra} Mai [RN-m} FpATGN] Fy AEN |) 3 45 359 76.8506 g4aza 70.5566 4 76.8506 8.4453 51.3040 8.6860 Figure 4.5: Member 3 and 4 Forces using Grasp 7h 8 x a = at fas L me faa zt} Lo Figure 4.6: Shear Diagram sc S800 mapa 71 an fea Th a —=} Figure 4.7: Moment Diagram. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Settlements in a structure refers to the distortion or disruption of parts of a building due to unequal compression of its foundations, shrinkage, and undue loads being applied to the building after its initial construction (Curl, 2006). The example used in this problem is a continuous beam consisting of four members with equal lengths of 4 meters, fixed supports at both sides, three roller supports, a distributed load of 15 KN/m for the whole beam, two 20KN point loads, and a support settlement of 20mm in the middle of the beam. The equivalent forces due to support settlements were determined using the formulas for fixed end forces and fixed end moments. Afier comparing the results, the group were able to determine the effect of settlements with regard to deflections, reactions, shear and moments. The group learned that settlements can greatly affect the deflections, reactions, shear and moments. VI. REFERENCES Curl, James Stevens (2006). A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (Paperback) (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 880 pages Sennett, R. E. (2000). Matrix analysis of structures. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. E-COPY — Upload your report and ppt at our yahoo group (folder assigned for group reports per section)