HUMAN

SECURITY
GROUP 3
 1 DEFINITION

2 BACKGROUND

Content 3
CONCEPTUAL
BASIS

4 DEBATES

5 RISKS
 Defining Human
Security
To be secure is to be free from both fear (of physical,
sexual or psychological abuse, violence, persecution,
or death) and from want (of gainful employment, food,
and health).

Human security therefore deals with the capacity to

identify threats, avoid them when possible, and
mitigate their effects when they do occur
 Subjects of
Human Security
 Subjects of
Human Security
Individuals and its goals is to protect people from
traditional (i.e., military) and nontraditional
threats such as poverty and disease.

Central to this approach is the understanding that

human security deprivations can undermine peace
and stability within and between states, whereas
an overemphasis on state security can be
detrimental to human welfare. The state remains a
central provider of security, but state security is
not a sufficient condition for human welfare.
Background of
Human Security
1990 - 1995
The United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) Human Development
Report New Dimensions of Human
Security coined the term “human security”
within the UN system. The report
highlighted four characteristics of human
security: universal, people-centered,
interdependent and early prevention. It
focused specifically on the development
of the human security framework. It
further outlined seven interconnected
elements of security: economic, food,
health, environmental, personal,
community and political.
 2002 2003
In the year 2003, Sabina
Alkire published
“Conceptual Framework for
The intent of the UNDP’s Human Security”, in which
1994 Human Development the author proposed, “The
Report was further objective of human security
illuminated in 2002 in Keizo is to safeguard the vital
Takemi‘s presentation, core of all human lives from
“Evolution of the Human critical pervasive threats, in
Security Concept, Health a way that is consistent
and Human Security: with long-term human
Moving from Concept to fulfillment”. Alkire’s paper
Action,” delivered at the clarifies key terms, traces
Fourth Intellectual Dialogue the historical background
on Building Asia’s and evolving interpretation
Tomorrow. of human security and
examines the interactions
between human security
and other policy
frameworks.
 2006
In May 2006, Richard Jolly and Deepayan
Basu Ray published “The Human Security
Framework and National Human
Development Reports: A Review of
Experiences and Current Debates.” The
authors provided clear support for
shifting the focus of security from state
boundaries and preservation of strategic
national interests maintained by
protected military resources, to protection
of individuals and communities across a
range of threats.
 3 Concepts of
Human Security
Concepts of
Human Security
1
Natural Right

2
Humanitarian Conception

3
Broad Concept
Natural Right
The core element is individual
basic rights such as rights for life,
liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness (United States
Declaration of Independence,
1776).

This should be protected by

international communities
Humanitarian
Conception
International actions to abolish
weapons that harm civilians, to
genocide, and punish war crimes
(Geneva Convention, 1949)

Achieved by strengthening
international law
Broad
Concept
Realms of Human Security by UN,
Office on Drugs and Crime
 access to a secure
Economy income/employment.

Food physical and economic access to

food

access to medicine and health

Health services, nutrition, clean water,
clothing.

Realms of ensure sustainability and

Human Security Environmental
protection of land, air, and water.

safety against threats of violence,

Personal crime, war, abuse.

protection of community groups

Community including families and ethnic
groups.
provision of Human Rights, the
Political right to vote, and express political
views.
 Debates on
Human Security
 Whether or not force is necessary

The relationship
in pursuing a particular human
security. To what extent the use of
force in humanitarian intervention
between human is justifiable when it harms non-
combatants? Humanitarian

security and intervention can surely protect the

people from human rights abuse

globalization and atrocities however, it can also

be exploited and used for ulterior
motives.
Globalization and Human Security For example, the movie “The thin
are related in various ways. blue line.”
Globalization creates new
opportunities
enhancing
for
economic
people by
growth,
Normative
technological innovation, cultural
exchange, and democratic dimension of
governance. But as it provides
these advantages, it also worsen human
existing threats to human security
by increasing
marginalization,
inequality,
exclusion, and
security
vulnerability.
Risks of Human
Security
Violent Conflict and
Wars
Armed conflicts, civil wars, and
international wars pose significant
risks to human security. They result in
loss of life, displacement of people,
destruction of infrastructure, and
profound social and psychological
trauma.
Terrorism
Acts of terrorism can cause fear, loss
of life, injuries, and damage to
property. They also have a lasting
impact on societies, influencing
policies, freedoms, and human rights.
Crime and Violence
High levels of crime, including
homicide, assault, theft, and other
forms of violence, threaten human
security by undermining personal
safety and creating a climate of fear
and insecurity.
Human Rights Violation
Violations of basic human rights, such
as discrimination, torture, arbitrary
detention, and denial of freedom of
expression, can severely undermine
individual and community well-being
and security.
Poverty and Economic Food and Water
Insecurity Insecurity
Economic instability, income Insufficient access to safe and
inequality, lack of access to basic nutritious food, as well as inadequate
necessities like food, housing, and access to clean water and sanitation,
healthcare, and overall poverty can can pose serious threats to human
lead to insecurity and social unrest. health and security.

Environmental
Degradation and Health Emergencies
Climate Change and Pandemics

Environmental challenges, including Outbreaks of infectious diseases and

climate change, natural disasters, pandemics, like COVID-19, can
pollution, and resource depletion, can overwhelm healthcare systems, cause
negatively impact human security by loss of life, disrupt economies, and
disrupting livelihoods, displacing impede access to healthcare and other
populations, and causing health essential services.
problems.
Mass Displacement and Nuclear, Chemical, and
Forced Migration Biological Weapons
Proliferation
Conflict, persecution, natural
disasters, and environmental The potential use or spread of
degradation can lead to mass weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)
displacement of populations, creating poses a grave risk to human security,
humanitarian crises and challenges in potentially causing catastrophic loss
providing adequate shelter, food, and of life and long-term environmental
healthcare.. damage.

Cybersecurity Threats
Cyberattacks, hacking, identity theft,
and cyberbullying pose risks to
personal and societal security,
compromising privacy, financial
stability, and even national security.

SUMMARY
Human security is people-centered. Its
focus shifts to protecting individuals. The
important dimensions are to entail the
well-being of individuals and respond to
ordinary people's needs in dealing with
sources of threats.
Human security recognises that there are
several dimensions related to feeling safe,
such as freedom from fear, freedom from
want, and freedom from indignity.
There are essentially seven issues
associated human security. These are
economic security, food security, health
security environmental security, personal
security, community security, and political
security.
In other words, human security is the
protection ensuring life, livelihood, just
treatment, dignity and the freedom from
fear of political or civil harm, injustice
and life-affecting hazards.
CATEGORIES
Thank You