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UNIT 1.
LEISURE TIME
A. PHONETICS
I. Put the words into the correct column.
move, June, book, pool, drew, puddings, cartoon, rule, wolf, include, push, do, threw, would, truth,
choose, moon, could, cool, put, root, avenue, pull, wood, fruit, good, cruise, full, should
/u:/ /ʊ/
II. Choose the word whose underlined port is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. school B. cook C. foot D. look
2. A. club B. flu C. who D. lose
3. A. blue B. juice C. blood D. group
4. A. sugar B. woman C. took D. soup
5. A. afternoon B. flood C. soon D. shampoo
B. VOCABULARY
I. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
into puzzles interested messaging about
surfing keen connect fond DIY
1. He’s crazy _____________ photography - he’s got all the gear.
2. Instead of shopping with friends, you can do _____________ together.
3. _____________ the Internet is fun, but it’s also a time waster.
4. My hobby is Chinese chess. Are you _____________ in learning it?
5. Sports _____________ people with similar interests in a collective effort.
6. Anna likes Physics, but she’s not too _____________ on Maths.
7. Text _____________ enables people to keep in close contact at all times.
8. Mr. Henry is _____________ sports, and he works out with a trainer several days a week.
9. You need a little knowledge and the right tools when you’re doing _____________.
10. Lots of people are _____________ of going fishing or gardening in the countryside.
II. Write the verbs for the activities.
Activities Verbs
1. Doing DIY, cooking ____________, ____________
2. Watching TV, reading comic books ____________, ____________
3. Playing sports, listening to music ____________, ____________
4. Surfing the net, snowboarding ____________, ____________
5. Messaging friends, doing puzzles ____________, ____________
6. Relaxing, learning something about IT ____________, ____________
7. Making paper flowers, knitting ____________, ____________
8. Exercising, building dollhouses ____________, ____________
9. Taking photos, going for a walk ____________, ____________
10. Going cycling, hanging out with friends ____________, ____________
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. _____________ DIY means you do something yourself without the help of experts.
A. Playing B. Doing C. Making D. Taking
2. She loves making _____________, such as pottery and carving wood.
A. crafts B. origami C. stamps D. bracelets
3. Melinda _____________ hanging out because she is a sociable person.
A. detests B. hates C. dislikes D. fancies
4. Many people like _____________ the Internet with their mobile phones.
A. surfing B. blogging C. emailing D. communicating
5. It’s helpful to learn life _____________ or a foreign language in free time.
A. tricks B. skills C. kits D. tools
6. Video chatting is among dozens of ways to virtually visit friends and _____________.
A. neighbours B. acquaintances C. relatives D. members
7. He doesn’t mind going window _____________ in the mall with his friends.
A. having B. selling C. buying D. shopping
8. Samuel is sociable so he can _____________ a lot of friends at school.
A. make B. take C. do D. work
9. I usually make a phone call to friends instead of _____________.
A. listening B. messaging C. reading D. typing
10. This might sound _____________, but I enjoy watching rain.
A. satisfied B. weird C. exciting D. reasonable
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. She isn’t _____________ in growing flowers in the garden. (interest)
2. You need to keep balance in your life with a little leisure and _____________. (relax)
3. We need one more _____________ for this game - can you persuade your cousin to join in? (play)
4. The young boy looks _____________ because he often plays basketball on his free time. (sport)
5. Sue spends her spare time practicing traditional Vietnamese _____________ recipes. (cook)
6. What physical activity do you _____________ perform during leisure time? (usual)
7. Exercise helps you maintain a _____________ weight and prevent chronic diseases. (health)
8. The campsite offers a wide range of leisure facilities as well as _____________ entertainment.
(friend)
9. The resistance of water increases muscle _____________ as you swim. (strong)
10. My mother’s electric _____________ has several temperature settings. (cook)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Fill in the blanks with the -ing form of the verbs from the box.
work learn see do ride help practise lie chat sit
1. They spend hours ___________ on the phone to their friends.
2. My brother is interested in ___________ a second foreign language.
3. Mr. Henderson hates ___________ on weekends or holidays.
4. Thank you for signing up to our event and we look forward to ___________ you.
5. It’s noisy outside, but I detest ___________ in my room all day.
6. Jimmy adores ___________ a bike to the countryside and going fishing.
7. He doesn’t mind ___________ me to improve my English speaking skills.
8. Every Sunday morning, my father enjoys ___________ on the beach and relaxing.
9. Do you like going out with us after ___________ your homework?
10. David prefers ___________ judo to hanging out with friends.
II. Choose the correct answer.
1. Don’t (spend/ spending) too much time in front of TV or computer screen.
2. Many people prefer (surfing/ surf) the Internet to reading books.
3. Doing exercise regularly makes your body (become/ to become) healthy and fit.
4. They fancy dancing, but they rarely (going/ go) to a discotheque.
5. Will you be able (stopping/ to stop) checking social media for a month?
6. My uncle doesn’t need (to buy/ buy) modern tools to do the gardening.
7. Let’s go to the beach and (play/ to play) some volleyball games.
8. She enjoys (to make/ making) crafts, especially birthday and greeting cards.
9. I really want (travelling/ to travel) to peaceful places and breathe the fresh air.
10. Would you mind (help/ helping) me with the computer settings?
1. It’s good for you ___________ out and play a sport.
A. to going B. to go C. go D. going
2. My parents never let me ___________ with strangers.
A. hang out B. hung out C. hanging out D. to hang out
3. Mrs. Cohen tried ___________ all the housework before going to bed.
A. finishing B. finish C. finishes D. to finish
4. She adores ___________ ancient coins and foreign banknotes.
A. to collect B. to collecting C. collecting D. collect
5. The cartoon is funny and it makes me ___________ a lot.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughs
6. He dislikes ___________ disturbed while he is thinking.
A. being B. is C. to be D. be
7. My friend doesn’t mind ___________ me whenever I am in need.
A. to help B. helping C. help D. to helping
8. If you want to pass your exams, you’d better ___________ your attitude towards studies!
A. to change B. changing C. to changing D. change
9. Susan loves going window shopping and ___________ in the street.
A. walking B. walks C. to walk D. walk
10. Johnson used to stay up late and ___________ video games.
A. plays B. play C. playing D. to play
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Please let me to know what you usually do in your leisure time.
A. let B. to know C. usually D. in
2. When the sun is still behind the hill, I adore to cycle in the early mornings.
A. When B. is C. adore to cycle D. early morning
3. Daniel is in good shape because he plays sports and do morning exercise regularly.
A. in good shape B. sports C. do D. regularly
4. Michael is interest in pop music, so he will go to the concert this Sunday.
A. interest B. so C. will go D. this
5. My mother enjoys cooking delicious meals for the whole family in weekends.
A. cooking B. for C. whole D. in weekends
6. Kelvin must be addicted on the Net - he holds his phone all the time.
A. must be B. on C. holds D. at the time
7. Watching TV too much can make us to feel tired and have a headache.
A. Watching B. too much C. to feel D. a headache
8. Emily don’t mind working as a volunteer for an environmental organization.
A. don’t B. working C. volunteer D. environmental
9. Don’t be disappointed because you can give up your bad habits and live happy.
A. Don’t B. disappointed C. give up D. happy
10. On my opinion, playing computer games is boring and wastes time.
A. On my opinion B. playing C. boring D. wastes
D. SPEAKING
I. Choose the best answer to complete the pair of dialogues.
1. - “Would you like to go to the English club with me?” - “________________”
A. Don’t mention it. B. You’re welcome.
C. I’d love to. Thanks. D. I can’t. Thanks.
2. - “Can you help me with this box?” - “________________”
A. No, I don’t have any box. B. Yes, please keep the box.
C. Yes, you can do anything with the box. D. I’m sorry, but I’m busy right now.
3. - “Let’s take a walk together.” - “________________”
A. That’s a good idea. B. Yes, I can always walk.
C. Thanks for your consideration. D. Sorry, I don’t want any change now.
4. - “________________” - “That’s great.”
A. Do you fancy going for a swim? B. Would you mind giving me a hand?
C. Could you teach me how to swim? D. Can you swim?
5. - “We’re having a party on Saturday. ________________” - “Yes, I’d like to.”
A. Are you interested in it? B. Would you like to come?
C. What do you like to do? D. How will you come with us?
II. Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.
___ I learnt it from my cousin. This type of paper folding is called origami.
___ Okay. Let me help you.
___ Are you kidding?
___ Exactly. Origami means the art of paper folding, which is often associated with Japanese
culture. A Japanese friend taught my cousin this art, then she taught me.
_1_ Wow! Look at this bird. It’s beautiful.
___ Now can you teach me to make this?
___ Yes, I do. The folding lines are very smooth and this paper bird looks quite real.
___ Where did you learn to fold it?
___ Thank you, Eric. Do you like it?
___ Origami? It sounds like a Japanese word.
___ No, I’m not. I really want to learn. I’ll fold something and give it to my sister as a present.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
The most interesting hobby that I have is playing the guitar. I have played guitar for three and a half
years now and I am getting better at it every time I decide to play. Playing guitar keeps me doing
something interesting at home instead of staring at the ceiling all the time. Actually, it is a very
relaxing activity. It gives person some time to think and dream.
Guitar or guitars also give my room some personality. When it hangs on my wall it seems like a piece
of art. I have two guitars - one is black acoustic one and the second is a yellow Spanish guitar. The last
one was my first guitar and both of them are Yamaha products. I bought the classical one because it
was required to learn guitar in my school. Since I am interested in blues, jazz and rock music I felt that
I needed a change in my guitar play and that is why I bought the black acoustic one.
I can play many different songs and after 3 years of experience I have learned how to learn the songs
to play them. My favorite songs that I have learned are Led Zeppelin’s Stairway to Heaven and
Leonard Cohen’s Hallelujah. I can also play a bit Sting, Nirvana, Metallica and the Animals.
In the future I want to improve my guitar playing skills and maybe use them in some small band or I
would just like to play with my friends. I would certainly recommend learning guitar. If interest in it
comes, it cannot be put away.
1. The first paragraph is mainly about ______________.
A. why playing the guitar is the author’s most interesting hobby
B. the author’s good feelings about playing the guitar
C. how the author chose to play the guitar and the benefits of playing it
D. the author’s hobby of playing the guitar and some of its benefits
2. According to the second paragraph, the author’s first guitar is ______________.
A. not a Spanish one B. black
C. not an acoustic one D. not a classical one
3. Why did the author buy the acoustic guitar?
A. Because the author likes to play blues, jazz and rock music.
B. Because the author was required to learn guitar in school.
C. Because the other guitar can’t play classical music.
D. Because the author wanted to change his current one.
4. What does the phrase “the Animals” in the third paragraph possibly refer to?
A. a song B. a music band
C. some kinds of animals D. none of above
5. We learn from the passage that ______________.
A. the author plays the guitar because he usually does nothing in his free time
B. the author has totally four guitars
C. the author can play different songs of different types of music
D. the author will continue to play the guitar in the future
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
practice hands professional carving others arts both enjoyed
Arts and crafts describes a wide variety of activities involving making things with one’s own (1)
______________. Arts and crafts is usually a hobby. Some crafts, or art skills, have been practised for
centuries, (2) ______________ are more recent inventions. A quote by Apoorva Rathore: Art cannot
be taught, it comes from thinking. But it can be improved by (3) ______________.
(4) ______________ children and adults enjoy arts and crafts. Children in schools may learn skills such
as woodworking, wood (5) ______________, sewing, or making things with all sorts of material. Many
community centres and schools have evening or day classes and workshops where one can learn (6)
______________ and craft skills.
Although “crafts” today are usually hobbies (7) ______________ by amateurs, the word was used
many centuries ago by (8) ______________ people who had a guild system. Young people were
learned from a master-craftsman, i.e. they were “apprenticed”, and they often took many years to
learn their skills to perfection.
F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the prompts given.
1. Elizabeth/ enjoy/ listen to/ Vietnamese folk songs’ melodies
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. He/ need/ buy/ some tools/ fix/ dog house/ this weekend
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Play/ online games/ have/ both/ positive/ negative effects
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Calvin/ like/ read/ books,/ and/ he/ not/ often/ surf/ Internet
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why/ not you/ turn off/ TV/ go out/ some fresh air?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Hobbies/ such as/ play/ sports/ or/ do/ exercise/ be/ good
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I/ not/ mind/ do/ homework,/ but/I / not/ like/ have/ lots of it
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Make/ crafts/ help/ me/ improve/ my patience/ carefulness
___________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. I find collecting birthday cards interesting.
 I’m interested in
2. She likes socializing with friends more than watching TV.
 She prefers socializing
3. If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the mid-term test.
 Unless you
4. Please help me with this exercise!
 Would you mind
5. If you get too attached to your smartphone, you won’t have time for your family.
 Don’t get
6. Going fishing in the rural areas is really enjoyable.
 I really enjoy
7. He was kind of addicted to the Net, but now he isn’t.
 He used to
8. Why don’t we take a break and relax for a while?
 Let’s
UNIT 2.
LIFE IN THE
COUNTRYSIDE
A. PHONETICS
mother, pick, hospitable, village, picturesque, collect, busy, cottage, water, sing, open, sofa, milk,
gather, calendar, hill, around, fish, message, famous, decide, accident, return, suppose, farmer,
pretty, symbol, build, today
/ə/ /ɪ/
1. A. activity B. ship C. dinner D. kitchen
2. A. begin B. possible C. sit D. harvest
3. A. sky B. shy C. mystery D. why
4. A. chicken B. excellent C. open D. problem
5. A. ago B. pasta C. banana D. shortage
B. VOCABULARY
hospitable paddy field cultivate load well-trained
canals orchards herding surrounded combine harvester
1. Villagers in the northeast regions ______________ mostly rice and corn.
2. ______________ and rivers form the waterways of the Mekong Delta.
3. He sometimes goes ______________ the buffalos over several kilometres from home.
4. Most countryside houses are ______________ by green trees and rice fields.
5. In my province, people often ______________ rice onto boats and transport it on rivers.
6. Water buffalos are still used to pull the ploughs through the muddy and flooded ______________.
7. Vinh Long is a beautiful farm province, with grapefruit and orange ______________ everywhere.
8. Farmers in my homeland are ______________, opening to sharing, and welcoming on their farm.
9. The modern ______________ is a machine designed to harvest a variety of grain crops.
10. Rides on ______________ horses are an incredible experience in their beautiful countryside.
II. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box.
grow stretch plough fly unload feed dry milk catch harvest
1. There isn’t enough wind to ______________ a kite, so let’s walk home.
2. Our family ______________ the cabbage and turnips from our field.
3. Their fields ______________ about 5 km, or 3 miles, north to south.
4. I helped her ______________ to the cows, to feed the chickens, and to plant carrots.
5. It is important to ______________ rice grain as soon as possible after harvesting.
6. Her farm aims to grow enough barley to ______________ the pigs in all seasons.
7. The farmers ______________ their fertile fields with oxen in the traditional way.
8. If we don’t ______________ the grain soon, it will start rotting in the silos.
9. Do you want to know how to ______________ fruit trees in your own garden?
10. You can ______________ fish with a hook in a small pond near my house.
1. Do you like to have a farm tour and try your hand at milking ______________?
A. cows B. fish C. pigs D. dogs
2. After harvesting rice, the farmers often ______________ it in the sunlight.
A. collect B. water C. dry D. plant
3. The farmers were ______________ because they warmly welcomed us and accommodated our
needs.
A. hospitable B. healthy C. interesting D. well-trained
4. Ploughing the ______________ with buffalos is a common cultivation method in the highlands.
A. crops B. lakes C. ponds D. fields
5. It was so fun when we came to the point of herding the ______________.
A. fruit B. trees C. cattle D. poultry
6. This national park is a ______________ and tranquil place to go and visit.
A. crowded B. peaceful C. noisy D. busy
7. As a main source of food, paddy rice is ______________ in about 123 countries.
A. picking B. growing C. loading D. herding
8. The farm has a ______________ expanse of grassland for us to play football.
A. vast B. short C. limited D. narrow
9. My cousin rode the bike ______________ through the narrow soil paths.
A. clearly B. skillfully C. exactly D. hardly
10. They got about 30 million tons of grain at the end of the ______________ season.
A. planting B. watering C. ploughing D. harvesting
1. Have you ever taken a train to discover Britain’s ______________ countryside? (picture)
2. ______________ in the countryside north of Ha Noi still continue the tradition of water puppet
shows. (village)
3. The river flows ______________ in rural countryside between green fields. (quiet)
4. Raising animals was only secondary to other forms of ______________. (farm)
5. There’s nothing like the ______________ of the countryside, the quiet and the lack of distraction.
(peaceful)
6. People living in rural areas are likely to have unique ______________ care needs. (support)
7. The ______________ of Viet Nam comes from every aspect of life through photos, texts, poems,
etc. (beautiful)
8. The ______________ stopped work, sat down and started to eat and drink. (harvest)
9. Some thought him ______________ because he disliked meeting people. (sociable)
10. The cost of ______________ is much higher in cities than in the country. (live)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. Horses, mountain bikes and feet work _____________ on grasslands. (good/ well)
2. Agriculture is still based on _____________ methods in some countries. (traditional/ traditionally)
3. The _____________ populated provinces present a different economic picture. (dense/ densely)
4. He is very _____________ he often buys things for other people. (generous/ generously)
5. The village is _____________ situated in a quiet spot near the river. (beautiful/ beautifully)
6. Our house is very central, so we can _____________ get to theatres and cinemas. (easy/ easily)
7. They have replanted many areas with rare and _____________ plants. (unusual/ unusually)
8. She _____________ ran down the stairs to greet her cousins. (excited/ excitedly)
9. The Thompsons left their homeland and looked for a _____________ place to stay. (permanent/
permanently)
10. Some reporters spoke _____________ about rural development. (optimistic/ optimistically)
II. Supply the comparative form of the words in brackets. Add “than” where necessary.
1. Average incomes in rural areas are rising _____________ those in the city. (slow)
2. The conditions they’re living in are _____________ we thought. (bad)
3. Your book looks _____________ mine. Can I borrow it for some days? (interesting)
4. The evening in the countryside is often _____________ that in the city. (peaceful)
5. Many families in the suburbs are _____________ the ones you meet in the urban. (happy)
6. With the help of technology we can live _____________ ever before. (convenient)
7. Watching football is one of Britain’s top leisure activities, even _____________ eating out.
(popular)
8. Henderson said that he could run _____________ anybody else in the class. (fast)
9. This year’s harvest season seems to come a week _____________ usual. (early)
10. All these students are good, but some work _____________ others. (hard)
1. This year’s exam was much _____________ than last year’s.
A. the harder B. harder C. more hardly D. more hard
2. The growth rate of rice farms is _____________ that of corn farms this year.
A. higher more than B. high more than C. more higher than D. higher than
3. I think living in the city is _____________ living in the countryside.
A. more expensive than B. expensive more than
C. as expensive more than D. more than expensive
4. Our house in the town looks _____________ than their house in the country.
A. moderner B. more moderner C. more modern D. modern
5. The development of cities happens _____________ than that of the countryside.
A. more rapidly B. much rapidly C. more rapid D. more rapidly as
6. We could go back to the days when life was _____________ it is today.
A. slower than B. slowlier than C. slower D. more slowly
7. I think you’ll find going fishing _____________ than playing mobile games.
A. more relaxing much B. much more relaxing
C. more much relaxing D. much relaxing more
8. My parents’ farm is very big, but my uncle’s is even _____________.
A. more bigger B. more big C. bigger than D. bigger
9. Doing the shopping in the countryside is _____________ that in cities.
A. the least convenient B. less conveniently than
C. less convenient than D. least conveniently
10. Adding fertilizer to the soil will help the plants to grow _____________.
A. more quick B. quicklier C. more quickly D. quickly more
1. He feels more happily there than in a crowded and noisy city.
A. more happily B. there C. in D. crowded and noisy
2. When spring comes, we enjoy to pick flowers on the hill near our house.
A. spring comes B. to pick C. on D. near
3. The farmers in my region usually don’t grow crops and flowers together.
A. in B. usually don’t grow C. and D. together
4. It’s not always true that living in the city is better than live in the countryside.
A. It’s B. always true C. the city D. live
5. We helped them load the rice onto buffalo-drawn carts and transport them home.
A. load B. onto C. buffalo-drawn cartsD. them
6. Will you help me putting up a tent when our school go camping next month?
A. Will B. putting C. when D. camping
7. Their village had no running water, so they collected water to the stream.
A. had no B. so C. collected D. to
8. Kelvin was very kind and he acted more responsible than anyone in the class.
A. was B. kind C. responsible D. anyone
9. I lived happily in the farm and there was still more much to explore.
A. lived B. happily C. was D. more much
10. Which activity do you like most, herding a buffalo or riding a horse?
A. Which B. most C. herding D. riding
D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. How was your stay in the countryside? a. Yes, they are.
2. Look at the clear blue sky. b. Their harvest time is in December.
3. What did you do during your vacation? c. Why don’t you like it?
4. The apricot tree is in full bloom. d. It was pleasant during the day but a little
boring at night.
5. Are people in the countryside more optimistic e. And its blossoms look lovely in the sun.
than those in the city?
6. Country life doesn’t excite me at all. f. So villagers can now use electrical appliances.
7. When is their harvest time? g. I’m glad that you like it.
8. Rice is now transported home on trucks. h. What a beautiful sky it is today!
9. The village has electricity now. i. Yes, but it used to be put on animal-drawn
carts in the past.
10. What a beautiful kite you have! j. Lots of things.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
II. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
Where did you spend it?

And I took many photos, but they're not here now.
It's peaceful and quiet, isn't it?
My uncle's farm isn't too big but it has many things I like.
Do you want to join me next time?
What did you do there?
I promise I'll invite you when I get there again.
Which activity do you like most?
Lucas: Hi, Minh. How was your vacation? (1) ______________________________________

Minh: Hi, Lucas. It was great. I went to my uncle’s farm in the Mekong Delta to pay a visit.
Lucas: (2) ______________________________________
Minh: A lot of things. My cousins and I enjoyed going fishing, herding cattle, flying a kite, picking
fruit...
Lucas: Sounds great! (3) ______________________________________
Minh: Well, it’s hard to say. Each activity gave me a different feeling. But I like the surroundings and
environment there.
Lucas: (4) ______________________________________
Minh: Yes, it is. It’s not so noisy and busy as in the city. Fresh air and vast green fields make me feel
very relaxed. (5) ______________________________________
Lucas: What are the things you like about your uncle’s farm?
Minh: Paddy field, fish pond, and fruit orchard... What beautiful scenery! (6) ____________________
Lucas: Wow! I wish I could see it with my own eyes.
Minh: Oh, you can totally do that. (7) ______________________________________
Lucas: Yes, I do. I really want to visit some place like your uncle’s farm.
Minh: (8) ______________________________________. It may be after this school year.
Lucas: Thank you very much. You’re so kind.
Minh: Don’t mention it.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
When I was young, I used to spend the summer on my grandparents’ farm. I loved those days, so
carefree and enjoyable. There were so many things to do and to sec that I was never bored. I would
get up at sunrise and go for a walk around a meadow. I had a dog and together we wandered while
the rest of the world was sleeping.
In the morning my grandmother fed the chickens and other farm animals and my grandfather turned
out the cattle. Then together we went to a field to reap the harvest. We usually worked in the field
until lunchtime but when it was too hot to work I picked currants, raspberries or fruit in the garden or
went for a walk to a nearby forest and looked for birds’ nests. Later in the afternoon I would often go
swimming or fishing in the river. When I felt lazy, I just lay in the sun and watched the birds and
animals again and collect chickens’ eggs. I even learned to milk the cows and I was very proud of
myself. My grandparents had a barn behind the house, and I used to spend the night there. I took my
sleeping-bag and a torch and slept in hay. That was an unforgettable experience. After such holidays I
always returned to town refreshed and healthy.
Now I do not spend the summer in the country any longer. My grandparents have grown old and they
are not strong enough to work in the fields and look after cows, pigs and hens. I visited them last year
but it was not the same. The village has grown and developed. You can no longer see horses in the
fields but modern agricultural machines. The forest I loved so much has been cut and has lost its
natural beauty.
I miss the good old days and I feel sorry that time goes by so quickly. ____
1. The author lives in a town and his grandparents live in the country. ____
2. The author enjoyed the activities on his grandparents’ farm. ____
3. In his grandparents’ place, the author used to get up late in the morning. ____
4. The author usually looked for birds after picking fruits in the garden. ____
5. There’s a barn behind the grandparents’ house and the author used to sleep there. ____
6. The author never went swimming in the river, but fishing. ____
7. At current time, the grandparents have grown old, so they do not work in the field. ____
8. Horses and agricultural machines can be found in the fields now. ____
II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big,
noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful mountains, fields and rivers of the countryside to the
busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and (1) ______________. This movement from rural areas to
urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years.
In many countries, the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or
two large factories have been built in a town, people come to find work and a better (2)
_____________, and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually a residential area nearby
where the factory workers can live. The families of these workers need schools, shops and hospitals,
(3) ______________ more people come to live in the area to provide these services - and so a city
grows.
A lot of people live in the (4) ______________ of the city, far away from the industrial area and the
city centre. Some suburbs are pleasant, with nice houses and parks for children to play, but others are
poor, with old houses and bad conditions.
But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? Perhaps yes.
Some major cities have actually become bigger in the last ten years and it is quite possible that one
day we will see people (5) ______________ of the countryside and go to bigger towns and cities.
1. A. crowded B. overcrowded C. crowding D. crowds
2. A. living B. life C. live D. alive
3. A. but B. or C. so D. and
4. A. urban B. city centre C. downtown D. suburbs
5. A. moving out B. coming C. moving in D. leaving
F. WRITING
I. Write complete comparative sentences with the cues given.
1. His farm/ big/ other farms/ neighbourhood
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Today/ he/ behave/ less/ responsibly/ he/ used to
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. The traffic/ in/ city/ be/ always bad/ the morning
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. My homework/ be/ all right,/ but/I/ could do/ well/ that
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. people/ live/ healthily/ rural areas/ in/ cities?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Yesterday/ Thomas/ arrive/ at school/ early/ other students
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I/ can/ fly a kite/ easily/ in/ farm/ many other places
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Our village/ be/ much/ less/ densely populated/ your city
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. A horse doesn’t plough as well as a buffalo.
 A buffalo
2. The paddy field is so vast and green.
 How
3. No flowers on the hill are as colourful as this one.
 This is
4. The front yard has three orange trees.
 There are
5. It was such a beautiful flower farm that lots of tourists came to enjoy it.
 The flower farm
6. Brian is better at herding the cattle than William.
 William is not
7. City people talk less optimistically about the future than people in rural areas.
 People in rural areas
8. It’s raining heavily, but he continues collecting rice on the farm.
 Despite
UNIT 3.
TEENAGERS
A. PHONETICS
toy, sure, avoid, tournament, during, choice, visual, oil, point, curious, soil, assure, unsure, coin,
actual, joyful, annual, voice, ensure, annoy
/ʊə/ /ɔɪ/
II. Underline the words having the sound /ʊə/ and /ɔɪ/.
1. Girls become mature earlier than boys.
2. She usually sings in the shower.
3. Did you enjoy your holiday in Europe?
4. Some religions employ ritual more than others.
5. The highlight of our tour is visiting the museum.
6. Minh An is always punctual for appointments.
7. Jack had to join a queue for the toilets in the cinema.
8. Most of the students were noisy and boisterous.
9. Most security systems connect to home’s power grid.
10. Tourism has destroyed the environment in many islands.
B. VOCABULARY
peer pressure schoolwork social media forums browse
check user-friendly log on teamwork connect
1. Google Books allows web users to ______________ an index of thousands of books.
2. ______________ at school can improve communication and increase the efficiency of studies
among students.
3. When you receive your school bus information, please ______________ over it carefully.
4. In the United States, YouTube has become the most popular ______________ platform.
5. If you can't ______________ to the network, it might be a problem with your Wi-Fi router or
internet service provider.
6. My computer requests me to ______________ with my old username and password, but I don't
remember them.
7. The website has a ______________ interface, so students will have an easy experience on it.
8. Do high school students worry about their ______________ and education more than younger
students?
9. The International Student ______________ and Blogs provides students with talking place to post
questions and comments for each other.
10. Lots of teens reported having experienced ______________, which is defined as any external
force of influence on our decisions.
II. Choose the better option to complete the sentences.
1. Could you tell me how to upload (a picture/ the website) from my phone to Facebook?
2. Many students have (force/ pressure) from their parents to excel their grades in their class.
3. Technical cookies allow the user to browse a (website/ clip), platform or application.
4. We can download (files/ the internet) from a webpage with a computer, Android, or iOS device.
5. Most of us constantly check (pictures/ notifications)— as we get emails, texts and other alerts.
6. Jennifer is a club member, but she never (participates/ takes) in any of the activities.
7. If your computer’s boot up process takes you right to the Windows desktop, it has been set up to
log on to (a classroom/ an account) automatically.
8. Sometimes it is hard for students to (meet/ see) their parents’ expectations.
9. How did you connect (a post/ with friends) during Coronavirus and distance learning?
10. The school website provides (clubs/ a forum) for discussions about teaching and learning.
1. We like to create and make crafts or ______________ art projects to relax.
A. give B. do C. work D. make
2. If she has a choice of working in a(n) ______________ or working at home, she’ll do both.
A. office B. club C. forum D. library
3. Berkeley Chess School holds weekly chess ______________ during the academic school year.
A. pressures B. dreams C. interests D. tournaments
4. School leaders want to ______________ with students on their campus to help prevent behaviour
problems and create a positive school culture.
A. check B. post C. connect D. comment
5. If you are a ______________ student, finding ways to cope with it is essential for your health.
A. happy B. stressed C. relaxed D. friendly
6. You can use school’s websites to legally ______________ free textbooks to your computer and
read later.
A. log on B. log off C. download D. upload
7. Schools may not disclose a video ______________ of a student without prior approval from the
student’s parent.
A. forum B. website C. media D. clip
8. ______________ teaches students essential communication and social skills, such as active
listening and effective speaking.
A. Online learning B. Teamwork C. Homework D. Self-study
9. App publishers sometimes ______________ their apps to add new features and fix problems.
A. update B. use C. browse D. create
10. Growing ______________ of parents coupled with academic pressure has led to increased stress
levels in today’s students.
A. competitions B. expectations C. notifications D. connections
1. High school students can participate in a wide range of extracurricular ______________. (club)
2. Anxiety can make teenagers feel very ______________. (stress)
3. ______________ affects teenagers to a concerning extent and can happen to anyone. (Bully)
4. Google Chrome is a free web ______________ used for accessing the internet and running web-
based applications. (browse)
5. Social networking plays a vital role in broadening teen social ______________. (connect)
6. Is your school’s uniform a ______________ dress type for almost all school activities? (suit)
7. Festivities that don’t run too late are usually better for both the oldest and youngest
______________. (participate)
8. This app ______________ parents when the child has reached the fenced location. (notification)
9. It is ______________ to practise each exercise individually before doing the whole routine. (advice)
10. The ______________ of teen stress will focus on two main problems. (discuss)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Identify each sentence as either simple (S) or compound (C).
1. Kelvin and Frank took the bus. _____
2. He likes coffee, and she likes tea. _____
3. My sister and I want to study in the morning. _____
4. Will Brian go, or will Jimmy go? _____
5. John rode his bike and skated this Sunday. _____
6. Tommy likes Jodie; however, Jodie doesn’t like Tommy. _____
7. We waited for the bus, but it was late. _____
8. Many students like to use smartphone after school. _____
9. Although the sun is shining, it isn’t very warm. _____
10. Salad is cheap; moreover, it’s very healthy. _____
II. Match the clauses to make compound sentences.
1. I hate fast food; a. or should I wait until next month?
2. The students missed the bus, b. so they took a Grab car.
3. He studied hard for the exams; c. yet he has never understood her.
4. He has known her for a long time, d. however, I love sandwiches.
5. Stop singing karaoke too loud; e. however, her assumptions were wrong
6. Should I take the IELTS test this week, f. otherwise, I’ll call the police.
7. They hired a seven-seat car; g. however, he failed some subjects.
8. If you go out without a raincoat now, h. you’ll surely get wet.
9. He should turn himself in to the police; i. otherwise, he will receive heavier punishment.
10. Her calculations were right; j. however, it was still too small for their family.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
1. This is good coffee; _____________, it’s made locally.
A. but B. besides C. therefore D. and
2. The cinema tickets were sold out, _____________ we couldn’t watch the movie.
A. or B. so C. otherwise D. for
3. Chemistry is such a difficult subject; _____________, I enjoy learning it.
A. nevertheless B. moreover C. yet D. for
4. She owned a motorbike, _____________ she didn’t know how to drive it.
A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. yet
5. I could not find my pencil _____________ it was covered by the books.
A. because B. and C. but D. although
6. _____________ students do not know how to start the experiment, the teacher will give step-by-
step instructions.
A. But B. If C. Unless D. And
7. I’ll have a week in Da Nang, _____________ I’ll go to Hoi An for three days.
A. or B. otherwise C. however D. but
8. I was tired from doing homework late, _____________ I had to finish it anyway.
A. however B. moreover C. but D. so
9. I kept in mind that I would try my best, _____________ I didn’t study enough.
A. nor B. for C. but D. and
10. They had a quarrel; _____________, they are friends again now.
A. and B. yet C. or D. however
1. I need really a holiday, but I don’t have enough money to afford a tour.
A. need really B. but C. enough money D. to afford
2. She wants to graduate with honours; furthermore, she wants go to medical school.
A. wants B. with C. furthermore D. go
3. Our school won the athletic sports so we had many good sportsmen.
A. won B. so C. had D. sportsmen
4. They have differently sizes of this pair of shoes; however, it comes in only one colour.
A. differently B. however C. it comes D. one colour
5. I’m not fond of the colours of water lilies; otherwise, they don’t smell very good.
A. of B. otherwise C. they D. good
6. The due date for the final paper has passed; therefore, she could submit hers on time.
A. due B. for C. could D. on
7. Carolina is a novelist, playwright, and poem; moreover, she is a distinguished scholar.
A. novelist B. playwright C. poem D. moreover
8. There are many books; so, none of them can be used as a reference for our project.
A. are B. so C. can D. as
9. You must hurry up and you can’t finish your assignment for the physics class on time.
A. and B. finish C. physics D. on
10. The law does not permit drinking and driving; nevertheless, there would be many accidents.
A. does not B. drinking and driving C. nevertheless D. would be
D. SPEAKING
1. - “________________” - “Certainly.”
A. Can you tell me more about the dance club, please?
B. Where is the dance club, please?
C. When does the dance club open, please?
D. What would I do to be a member of the dance club?
2. - “How many members does the painting club have?” - “________________”
A. Yes, it has about ten members.
B. All the members are artists.
C. Yes, you can be a member of the club.
D. There’re about a hundred.
3. - “Where does the guitar club meet?” - “________________”
A. You can always meet the president of the club.
B. We all meet each other every week.
C. At about 7.30pm every Saturday.
D. In the music room, on the third floor.
4. - “How was the pop concert?” - “________________”
A. No, it’s not a place for kids.
B. It’s over.
C. It was good.
D. Yes, you should enjoy it.
5. - “________________” – “Yes, it’s after school, from 5.30pm to 6.30pm.”
A. How far is it from our school to the English club?
B. Could you tell me the time the English club meets?
C. How long does it take to get to the English club after school?
D. Are you interested in joining the English club after school?
II. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ No. You really need to go out for a walk and breathe some fresh air. Give it a try!
___ But where will we go?
___ No, I have no time to relax, my friend. I can’t help thinking about it.
___ About the homework? Listen to me. Your brain works similarly to your muscle. Your hands will
be exhausted when you carry something for a long time, and your brain will cause you to have
a headache when you let it think too much.
___ Wherever you like, to a café, the park, or just walking around.
_1_ You look tired. What’s the matter with you?
___ I’m having a headache while there’s still lots of homework to do.
___ Forget about the homework! You need to take a break and relax now.
___ Thanks for your advice and explanation, but it’s hard to ignore these stuffs. I’m not in the
mood of doing anything else. Just leave me alone.
___ To the café then.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
Teenagers have a different stress response from adults.
One study shows that teenagers release more cortisol during times of stress, which (1)
_____________ to physiological responses such as increased heart (2) _____________ and blood
pressure, and also experience greater cognitive impairment when stressed, (3) _____________ adults
do.
(4) _____________ another study, high or constant levels of stress during adolescence were shown to
have the potential to contribute to the increased likelihood of conditions (5) _____________ anxiety
or depression, or abusing drugs or alcohol.
Stress during the teenage years can mimic everyday teenage hormonal changes, (6) _____________ it
can be difficult for teens and parents alike to pinpoint. The best thing to (7) _____________ in this
case is speak with a general doctor, so they can help teens (8) _____________ how they’re feeling.
- cortisol (n): hóoc môn chống trầm cảm
- pinpoint (v): xác định
- impairment (n): sự suy giảm
1. A. results B. leads C. damages D. brings
2. A. rate B. level C. status D. scale
3. A. that B. like C. as D. than
4. A. For B. With C. In D. On
5. A. because of B. despite C. such as D. as well as
6. A. so B. but C. yet D. or
7. A. take B. do C. make D. go
8. A. management B. managerial C. manager D. manage
II. Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions.
Peer pressure for teenagers is nothing new. However, social media worsens this pressure because
teens are exposed to and getting feedback from many more people than they would encounter in
daily life.
Teens can be especially influenced by “likes” on social media sites like Instagram or Facebook. In a
small 2016 study of teenage participants, researchers created a social media feed similar to Instagram
and measured the teens’ brain responses. Here’s what they found:
- Teens were more likely to “like” photos that already had a large number of likes.
- Teens’ brain activity — specifically areas associated with reward processing and attention - was
greater when viewing photos with more “likes”.
- This was true whether the photo depicted risky behaviour (such as a peer holding a cigarette) or not.
These results indicate that teens learn from the social cues of their peers online and take note when
they are rewarded with “likes” and attention.
- worsen (v): trở nên xấu đi
- depict (v): miêu tá
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Peer pressure for teens
B. How peer pressure influences teens on social media
C. Negative and positive effects of social media
D. Peer pressure and social media
2. The word “encounter” in the first paragraph can be best replaced by _____________.
A. have B. like C. know D. meet
3. What does the author imply in the first paragraph?
A. Using social media is a reason why teens have higher peer pressure.
B. Using social media is not related to peer pressure for teens.
C. Teens can make more friends thanks to social media.
D. Teens want to interact with people on social media instead of in daily life.
4. The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to _____________.
A. researchers B. teens C. participants D. brain responses
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. “Likes” on social media can positively affect teenagers.
B. Both adults and teens participated in the study.
C. Teens seemed to like photos that had a large number of likes.
D. Teens’ brain activity wasn’t greater when they viewed photos with more “likes”.
F. WRITING
I. Choose the best clauses to fill in the blanks.
1. We won the last weekend’s game __________________________.
A. however we worked together as a team
B. moreover worked together as a team
C. and we worked together as a team
D. because we worked together as a team
2. __________________________ or it might be worse.
A. Next spring might be better, B. Next spring might be best,
C. Next spring might be worst, D. For next spring might be bad,
3. __________________________ and Paul made a salad.
A. Although Philip grilled burgers, B. Philip grilled burgers,
C. If Philip grilled burgers, D. Because Philip grilled burgers,
4. I wanted Julia to join our team, __________________________.
A. but she chose Albert’s team B. therefore she chose Albert’s team
C. moreover she chose Albert’s team D. so she chose Albert’s team
5. I tried to speak English to foreign tourists, __________________________.
A. although I could improve my speaking and listening skills
B. or I could improve my speaking and listening skills
C. so I could improve my speaking and listening skills
D. because I could improve my speaking and listening skills
II. Joining the two sentences with a comma and a conjunction.
1. Gwen’s essay is long. It is not complicated. (however)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Ernest didn’t inform his parents about the test. He did tell them the results. (but)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The book is about science. It lists inventions of famous scientists. (and)
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. She could post her feeling on social media. She could tell it to her teacher. (or)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. I like school. I enjoy learning new things and spending time with my classmates. (because)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. You must get to the concert early. You won’t have a seat. (otherwise)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. She is careful. She still forgets her phone when she goes out. (although)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. William wanted to study late at night. He drank a cup of coffee. (therefore)
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. Henry was very tired yesterday morning. He couldn’t go to school. (so)
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. Ms. Susan’s lecture was long. It was too boring. (moreover)
__________________________________________________________________________________
REVIEW 1
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. pool B. cool C. root D. wood
2. A. hurry B. sure C. during D. curious
3. A. village B. disagree C. message D. cottage
4. A. open B. contact C. office D. college
5. A. truth B. include C. full D. rule
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. ensure B. collect C. upload D. harvest
2. A. relation B. cultural C. basketball D. countryside
3. A. expectation B. activity C. participate D. development
4. A. professional B. convenient C. information D. community
5. A. concentrate B. connection C. notify D. practical
III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
social media peer pressure log on keen orchard
well-trained surfing hospitable fond hanging out
1. She likes Geography, but she’s not too ________________ on Biology.
2. Do you like to visit a farm or ________________ and pick fresh berries?
3. He mostly spends his time ________________ the web using his smartphone.
4. ________________ sites and apps help people share ideas and build communities.
5. Parents are ________________ of telling children that their years at school are the best days of
their life.
6. They are the kindest, most ________________ people who will make you feel at home.
7. I spent a lot of time listening to music and ________________ with some close friends.
8. These dogs are ________________ to find earthquake victims.
9. No students could ________________ to their accounts on the day of the online test.
10. Negative ________________ may happen when your friend makes you feel that you have to do
something to be accepted.
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The ________________ traffic is a continual annoyance to the citizens in the city. (noise)
2. Do you know the man who invented the combine ________________? (harvest)
3. The team was very ________________ of each other, so our project was a big success. (support)
4. A special bus transported a group of ________________ from the airport to a hotel. (tour)
5. I shall be ________________ in receiving your comments on my posts. (interest)
6. More and more people entered and the train was ________________. (crowd)
7. ________________ cows by hand was the way people did for thousands of years. (milk)
8. In the rural areas, hospitals and markets are far-away - it’s ________________. (convenience)
9. The students are working under extreme ________________ at the moment. (press)
10. They are living ________________ in the countryside at the current time. (peace)
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Nowadays, many youngsters spend hours ________________ the net on smartphones.
A. connecting B. surfing C. emailing D. blogging
2. My brother is still crazy ________________ both his work and his hobbies.
A. in B. on C. of D. about
3. This app works well for small group communication and ________________ friends and family.
A. messaging B. posting C. loading D. logging
4. Willy ________________ playing football and doing exercise, so he looks sporty.
A. dislikes B. hates C. fancies D. detests
5. Weaving and knitting are ________________ cottage industries in many rural areas.
A. vast B. traditional C. peaceful D. picturesque
6. ________________ a website describes when a person reads through the web pages on the
Internet.
A. Checking B. Browsing C. Logging in D. Downloading
7. The farmers grow crops and ________________ cattle and poultry for their own use.
A. herd B. harvest C. keep D. raise
8. The rural western regions are generally less ________________ than the urbanized east coast
areas.
A. simple B. basic C. developed D. complicated
9. They ________________ the fields and scatter the good seed on the land.
A. plough B. catch C. dry D. feed
10. The beauty of this village scenery is ________________, and you can’t find it anywhere else.
A. unique B. diverse C. popular D. common
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. She is not feeling well because of the pressure ______ her schoolwork.
2. He is a smart student in our class, and he is an active member ______ our club.
3. Do you think that doing puzzles is good ______ our brain?
4. I log on ______ YouTube daily to upload videos and watch other people’s videos.
5. As the explorers climbed highly ______ the mountain, the air became cooler.
6. To avoid pressure, teens need good friends and tolerant teachers ______ school.
7. I like rural life because the people there are generous, hospitable, and close ______ each other.
8. My friends like showing off their new things by posting pictures ______ social media.
9. People in the city seem to react more quickly to changes than those ______ the country.
10. I use Facebook to connect ______ friends, post pictures, and share others’ posts.
VII. Write the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. She _________________ (usually, wear) glasses because she’s very short-sighted.
2. Despite the bad weather, we _________________ (enjoy) ourselves last Sunday.
3. The flight to Singapore _________________ (take off) at a quarter to nine a.m.
4. Next time you come, I _________________ (take) you to my uncle’s farm in the suburb.
5. Hurry up, Jimmy! Everybody _________________ (wait) for us outside.
6. What time _________________ (you, get) home last night?
7. The village _________________ (have) no running water so they have to collect it from the stream.
8. We _________________ (see) immense coconut plantations if we visit Ben Tre province.
9. I’m sorry, but I _________________ (be) busy right now.
10. Look! The cat _________________ (climb) up that tree.
VIII. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Hurry up; _________________, you will be late for the train.
A. or B. otherwise C. for D. moreover
2. Thomas is very kind, and he never minds _________________ other classmates.
A. helps B. helping C. to help D. help
3. _________________ do you often hang out with? - My best friend in our class, Christina.
A. Whose B. Which C. Who D. Where
4. The view of immense rice paddies makes me _________________ relaxed and calm.
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. feels
5. He doesn’t like the bike, _________________ he bought it anyway.
A. so B. nevertheless C. however D. yet
6. With modern devices, the farmers now work and live _________________ than before.
A. less conveniently B. more conveniently
C. less inconvenient D. more inconveniently
7. All the stores in the town were closed, _________________ we couldn’t buy any food.
A. for B. and C. so D. but
8. _________________ can the ethnic boys speak English fluently? - By practising it with tourists
every day.
A. Why B. Where C. How D. Who
9. Julia spent the morning _________________ for information for her project.
A. to search B. search C. searches D. searching
10. I choose this car as my favourite because it’s _________________ all the ones I have driven.
A. the fastest of B. the faster of C. more faster as D. faster
IX. Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. They enjoy to visit open-air markets where the locals sell home-made products.
A. to visit B. where C. locals D. home-made
2. I see that life in the country is more peaceful and slowly than that in the city.
A. in B. is C. slowly D. that
3. Who do many Vietnamese families have an altar in their house? - To worship their ancestors.
A. Who B. Vietnamese C. have D. To worship
4. It rained hard; moreover, lightning flashes and thunder boomed.
A. rained B. moreover C. flashes D. boomed
5. We can visit the orchards this weekend, but we can stay home and play games.
A. visit B. but C. stay D. and
6. The Mekong region is also famous for it floating markets and fruit orchards.
A. is B. for it C. and D. orchards
7. I don’t want to go out tonight; besides, I have homework doing.
A. don’t B. besides C. have D. doing
8. Which animal can run the fastest, a horse or a dog? - A horse, of course.
A. Which B. the fastest C. or D. of
9. Would you like trying some specialties such as sticky rice and grilled meat?
A. trying B. such as C. sticky D. and
10. George claimed he was working yesterday; moreover, nobody saw him at the office.
A. claimed B. working C. moreover D. saw
X. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. My father taught me how to put up a tent.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. I last visited my hometown six months ago.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We can easily find terraced fields in the northern mountainous regions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. I will do a lot of interesting things during the trip to the countryside.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. No, reading comics is not her favourite hobby.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Jessica goes to the gym almost every evening.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. I’m collecting photos of flowers on the Internet just for fun.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The smartphone on the desk is hers.
__________________________________________________________________________________
XI. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
Do you like my photos?

I myself took them
When did you start taking photos?
I’m interested in flowers, especially orchids.
I need them for a photography competition.
I'll buy one very soon.
I mean I want to take beautiful photos like yours.
And you found that you had a new hobby, didn't you?
Thy: Hello, Hoa. What are you doing?
Hoa: Hello, Thy. I’m editing some photos. (1) __________________________________
Thy: Really? Let me see. All these photos are yours, aren’t they?
Hoa: Yes, they are. (2) __________________________________
Thy: Wow! I didn’t know that you’re a photographer. (3) __________________________________
Hoa: More than 5 years ago, when my uncle gave me a professional camera.
Thy: (4) __________________________________
Hoa: That’s right. (5) __________________________________
Thy: Yes, I do. All these photos are about different kinds of orchids. Some photos were taken in the
garden and many of them were in the wild...
Hoa: Exactly! (6) __________________________________. I travelled a lot to take all of these.
Thy: You must have amazing time out there. Hey, can you teach me to use the camera?
(7) __________________________________. And I’d like to go with you next time.
Hoa: Sure. But you need a good camara first.
Thy: (8) __________________________________
XII. Read the passage and answer the questions.
People in most rural areas in Vietnam are farmers or fishermen whose life mainly depends on
agriculture, livestock, and handicrafts, which are closely associated with natural conditions in places
they’re living.
In mountainous villages, locals do the cultivation on terraced fields and raise cattle. In the central
highlands or desert areas in the South, people mainly make their living in volcanic soiled farms or feed
big cattle like cows, sheep, goats, etc. for industrial production.
The locals in Mekong Delta - which is famous for floating markets - earn their living by fishing or
raising cattle besides growing wet rice and tropical fruits. Mekong Delta residents also know how to
make use of their homeland’s advantages to create additional handicrafts such as pottery, bricks and
coconut candy.
In the coastline areas, the local life mainly depends on catching seafood and growing aquaculture.
Most adults, especially men in families, will go far offshore on wooden boats or modern steel ships,
for weeks or even months, to catch fish and other kinds of seafood. Others live on land, grow
aquaculture in their farms or make sea salt.
Nowadays, with a developing flow of industrialization, people in the countryside have applied more
and more modern appliances or technologies in their works to improve productivity. In some aspects,
it could help their life become better. However, they still cherish the tradition, keep working hard and
preserve their own distinct identity.
1. What does the life of Vietnamese farmers and fishermen mainly depend on?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What kind of fields can be seen in mountainous villages?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the Mekong Delta well-known for?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Can Mekong Delta residents create pottery and bricks?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. In which area does the local life mainly depend on aquaculture and catching fish?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. How long do the fishermen have to stay at sea on their fishing trip?
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. What have the local people done to improve work efficiency?
___________________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
personality indoor or entertainment mental spend participating Leisure
Years ago, children kept themselves busy with either outdoor games or (1) _______________ games
after school. On those days, there was no TV, video games (2) _______________ the Internet. It is
true that TV and the Internet are a good source of knowledge, information, and (3)
_______________. However, these things make children inactive and lazy. Physically, it is harmful if
children (4) _______________ too much time on TV or computers. Therefore, it is advisable for
children to have an outdoor or creative hobby in their (5) _______________ time. Writing, painting,
sketching, clay modelling, singing, and dancing will help them to think new ideas and it will be a (6)
_______________ exercise. Any hobby that demands hard work and patience gives children a feeling
of success. Children (7) _______________ in sports and games can develop team spirit. Hobby is not
just a time pass but it helps a child’s (8) _______________ development.
XIV. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. British people/ enjoy/ watch/ television/ their free time
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Harry/ be/ not/ good/ volleyball,/ but/ he/ be/ professional footballer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Play/ beach games/ be/ one/ villagers’ leisure activities
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Joe/ feel/ happier/ in/ countryside/ in/ crowded/ noisy/ city
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Hobbies/ such as/ play/ sports/ or/ run/ be/ good/ your health
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Life/ our village/ not/ be/ as fast as/ their neighbourhood
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. When/ summer/ come,/ they/ like/ go hiking/ mountains
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. herd/ cattle/ harder/ do/ household chores?
___________________________________________________________________________________
XV. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Jenny likes lying on a sofa and relaxing.
 Jenny’s interested
2. How beautiful and immense the paddy field is!
 The paddy field
3. It’s time for you to prepare everything for the summer vacation now.
 You’d better
4. You’ll have to eat healthily to stay slim.
 If you want
5. Could you help me to turn off the TV, please?
 Would you mind
6. The air is fresh and clean because there are lots of trees here.
 There are
7. In the past the villagers didn’t live as happily as they do now.
 The villagers now
8. Why don’t we play a sport or try some outdoor activities?
 How about?
UNIT 4.
ETHNIC GROUPS
OF VIETNAM
A. PHONETICS
I. Underline the words having the sound /k/ or /g/.
1. She is of high cultural background.
2. They sat round with guitars, singing folk songs.
3. The plants grow wild along the banks of rivers.
4. She began a new career in the music business.
5. The extension of the garden will take several weeks.
6. The pasture is located on communal land.
7. The meat produced from a pig is called pork, bacon or ham.
8. He likes talking with his grandchildren when they have family gatherings.
9. Villagers herded the livestock to high ground to keep them safe during the floods.
10. The gongs are well-known for their value and regarded as a privileged language.
1. A. terrace B. staircase C. crop D. culture
2. A. gong B. general C. garden D. pig
3. A. costume B. ethnicity C. sticky D. folk
4. A. group B. gather C. village D. tiger
5. A. community B. music C. livestock D. cement
B. VOCABULARY
I. Unscramble the words based on the pictures.
1. oggn 2. staaseirc 3. estolivck 4. osstp
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
5. mucoalmn useho 6. olfk ncdae 7. mnoriyit orgpu 8. enop irfe
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
II. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

gardening stilt houses fishing sticky rice
terraced fields weaving bamboo flute rong house
1. ________________ are houses raised on piles over the surface of the soil or a body of water.
2. Made with different colours, ________________ is a beautiful dish of the Tay.
3. The Vietnamese ________________ can produce a range of sounds that are similar to a Western
one.
4. ________________ is a technique for interlacing two or more strands of yarn, twine, or thin strips
of material to make a fabric.
5. As soon as they reached the ________________ area, the fishermen cast their nets into the sea.
6. For Bahnar people, ________________ is considered as the heart of their village.
7. A hand cultivator tool is a ________________ tool that is used to turn the soil.
8. Having no flat land, ethnic people use hillsides to create ________________ which look like
staircases.
III. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. Viet Nam has 54 ethnic communities, with Kinh people making up the ________________ of the
total population. (majority/ minority)
2. Tourists can find breathtakingly beautiful terraced rice fields in the ________________ Vietnam.
(Northern/ Southern)
3. Although their musical instrument looks ________________, it's hard for anyone to make one.
(complicated/ simple)
4. Many ethnic kids can communicate fluently in body and ________________ language but they
can’t write. (spoken/ written)
5. Thai girls often perform mua xoe - their ________________ dances in spring festivals. (modern/
traditional)
6. You can’t find terraced fields in the ________________ because the land is flat. (highlands/ deltas)
7. Most of Khmer people are farmers, and farming plays an ________________ role in their economy.
(important/ insignificant)
8. Hunting and gathering are still some ethnic groups’ ________________ ways of living. (basic/
developed)
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Hmong people’s clothes are __________ with different colours and patterns.
A. special B. elegant C. simple D. diverse
2. The Cham developed their __________ dance that reflects their traditions and culture.
A. folk B. modern C. public D. typical
3. Most ethnic peoples in Viet Nam basically live on __________.
A. cutting wood B. fishing C. rice farming D. hunting
4. For Thai ethnic women, the shawl or khan pieu is an important part of their __________.
A. ceremony B. custom C. folk dance D. costume
5. The o Du is not only a __________ ethnic group but also has the smallest number of people.
A. minor B. poor C. modern D. rich
6. Hoa Ban __________ of the Thai is annually held on the fifth day of the second lunar month.
A. Ceremony B. Festival C. Anniversary D. Celebration
7. The Viet have the largest number of people, and 53 others are called ‘ethnic __________’.
A. cultural groups B. majority groups C. minority peoples D. local peoples
8. Most of the country’s population mainly inhabit in the deltas and __________ cities.
A. secondary B. minor C. distant D. major
9. The Bahnar __________ is a special architecture that holds important events of their community.
A. stilt house B. town house C. communal house D. cottage
10. The pattern on their dress is __________ because I can’t find it anywhere else.
A. diverse B. unique C. popular D. ethnic
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The dancers leading the procession were in colourful and elaborate ______________. (costume)
2. Mu Cang Chai has drawn the attention of visitors with its striking ______________ fields. (terrace)
3. The tourists ____________ drank can wine in a jug, using a separate tube for each one. (communal)
4. Based on ______________ languages, ethnic minorities in Viet Nam are divided into 8 major
groups. (speak)
5. They had some projects to promote Vietnamese cultural ______________ through cultural values.
(diverse)
6. Despite suffering from modernization, Bac Ha market still retains its identity and ______________.
(unique)
7. The Kinh ______________ represents a dominant 83 per cent of Vietnam’s population. (ethnic)
8. Each ethnic group in Viet Nam has its own customs, beliefs and ______________ practice. (farm)
9. Many of the ethnic groups are concentrated in the northern ______________ regions of Viet Nam.
(mountain)
10. They’ve made benefits of scientific advances for the growth of poor and ______________ areas.
(develop)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. I want to visit the Museum of Ethnology on the weekend.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The Muong is famous for their traditional songs and folk dances.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Hoa people mostly live in Ho Chi Minh City.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. They celebrate Lim Festival with traditional music performances.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The architect Ha Due Linh designed the exhibition building of the Museum of Ethnology.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. There are 54 ethnic groups in Viet Nam.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. The Nung has larger population than the Ede.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The chapi is the Raglai’s musical instrument.
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. Those men have to wear traditional ao dai to join in the ceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. Ethnic people in this village always wear their traditional clothes in daily activities.
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Change the sentences into Yes/No questions.
1. They are talking about ethnic people.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. There is a shortcut to the mountain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Their house has several rooms.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. The tour guides know ethnic villages in Da Lat.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. She is definitely a Thai girl.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We will go to an open-air market near the village.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. He needed more information about the ethnic museum.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. She usually wears traditional clothes.
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. They experienced local life in the homestay.
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. We can play some folk games during the festival.
__________________________________________________________________________________
III. Put the nouns in the correct columns.
accommodation, house, luggage, suitcase, bread, loaf, lightning, flash, money, dollar,
poetry, poem, weather, storm, travel, journey, work, job, cattle, cow
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
IV. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable) for the underlined words.

1. I read the news on the internet. ____
2. Michael is a man of exceptional talent. ____
3. Dad brought home a big bag of rice. ____
4. He introduced us to some friends of his. ____
5. They were stuck in traffic and missed their flight. ____
6. There’s lots of water but there isn’t much juice. ____
7. She cut up the carrots and put them in the pot. ____
8. The room looks different without the furniture. ____
9. She’s got two brothers and a younger sister. ____
10. A lot of progress was made with the use of technology. ____
V. Fill in each blank with a, an, much, many, a little, or a few.
1. The Ha Nhi’s offering to god is a bowl of meat, __________ rice, and some wine.
2. There are so __________ beautiful cultures in Viet Nam that you could share with other people.
3. With 54 ethnic groups, Viet Nam is a country of __________ traditions and customs.
4. The smallest ethnic groups with just __________ hundred members are the O Du, Ro Mam, Pu Peo,
and Si La.
5. Brau is __________ ethnic group with less than 1000 people in Viet Nam.
6. Make a handicraft product on your own, and you will have so __________ fun.
7. Gia Rai people is __________ minority ethnic group inhabiting the Central Highlands of Viet Nam.
8. You should never pack too __________ items for your trip to Ha Giang.
9. The Central Highlands have so __________ potential for tourism and leisure activities.
10. __________ knowledge about religion and tradition of ethnic people does help you in the project.
VI. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. __________ do the Hmong people raise? - Buffaloes, cows, pigs, and chickens.
A. How many cattle and poultry B. How cattle and poultry
C. How much cattle and poultry D. What kinds of farming animals
2. Where can we find ethnic minorities’ open-air market? - __________.
A. In the north-west B. The Sedang C. At the weekend D. Once a week
3. If you pay __________ attention to the costume of the Pa Then girls, you will see that the dress
shirt is unique.
A. many B. a little C. a D. a few
4. __________ are Dao women’s clothes decorated? - With traditional patterns.
A. Which B. Why C. How D. Whose
5. Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, __________ a good source of protein, vitamins and
minerals.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
6. Spending some days in the country brought __________ pleasure to me.
A. a few B. many C. much D. an
7. Why do ethnic people in the north-west region build the wheel on a stream? - __________.
A. With bamboo trees B. For a long time
C. Because it’s big D. To move water to their farm
8. __________ there any restaurants still open near here?
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
9. __________ is it from the boarding school to the ethnic children’s village?
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much
10. __________ ethnic minority women are unable to fully access opportunities presented by
development programmes.
A. Much B. Many C. An D. A little
VII. Choose the underlined port that needs correction.
1. The Co Tu ethnic people are known for much traditional crafts such as weaving and pottery.
A. are B. much C. such as D. weaving and pottery
2. What costume do you like better, the Hoa’s or the Kinh’s? - The Kinh’s, of course.
A. What B. do C. or D. The
3. Young Co Ho women plays an active role in marriage and their society.
A. plays B. an C. in D. their
4. Do many ethnic minorities also celebrate Tet holiday as the Kinh people does?
A. Do B. celebrate C. as D. does
5. The main economic activities of the Cham is rice farming and pottery making.
A. economic B. is C. rice farming D. pottery making
6. How often do they go usually to Bac Ha open-air market? - Every Sunday.
A. How often B. do C. go usually D. Every
7. That terraced field there is one of the most beautiful terraces in the world, aren’t they?
A. terraced B. the most C. terraces D. aren’t they
8. A Stieng village’s leader is a elderly man, and he must be experienced in community’s affairs.
A. A B. a C. and D. in
9. Young Khmer people often go to pagodas to study and improving their virtues and knowledge.
A. often go B. to study C. improving D. their
10. Whose festival is the Ok Om Bok in Tra Vinh province? - It belongs to the Khmer’s.
A. Whose B. in C. It D. Khmer’s
D. SPEAKING
1. Where is the space of Gong culture? a. Exactly.
2. Thank you for your help. b. On special occasions.
3. Join me for the Vietnamese custom project, will you? c. Don’t mention it.
4. Is it true that Hmong people in Sa Pa speak English well? d. In the Central Highlands.
5. The Ma mainly live in Lam Dong province. e. No, we can’t.
6. Do you know how to make yellow sticky rice? f. Yes, I do.
7. When do they wear their traditional clothes? g. That’s interesting!
8. Look at those terraced fields! h. Of course, I will.
9. We’ll see folk dance performances in this festival. i. How beautiful!
10. Can we go to that village by bus? j. I see. How about the Coho?
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
___ Penthouse? Do you mean the apartment suite in multi-storey buildings?
___ I don’t think so. You cannot visit the suburbs every single day after school or work.
___ Well, to my way of thinking, it depends on how much conveniently you want to live. I think the
country is much more peaceful, and the air is also cleaner.
___ I’m not a fan of that luxury. I prefer a country house in the suburbs. It will be the best if my
house has a garden for growing fruits and vegetables.
___ You’ve got a point. But you don’t really like penthouses, do you?
_1_ What type of home do you like to live in?
___ Maybe you’re right about the air, but I can always travel to the surburbs for fresh air every
day, every weekend...
___ Exactly! Penthouse with luxurious interior designs is always the first choice of the wealthy.
How about you?
___ No, I don’t. I’m afraid of height.
___ Penthouse, of course.
___ I don’t think the suburbs are good, though. It takes a long distance to get to school, hospital,
work... It doesn’t seem convenient to me.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and answer the questions.
The Hmong people are one of the major ethnic minorities of Vietnam, with a population of about one
million. Like many other ethnic groups, each year, the Hmong celebrates New Year with ritual
practices for the gods and celebrations among themselves. The Hmong people celebrate their New
Year festival following their own calendar. It usually falls between the eleventh month and the twelfth
month of the Lunar calendar and lasts for at least fifteen days. However, it does not have an exact
date every year. The date of New Year’s Day is revealed some months prior to the celebration, and
the festival is organized rather subtly. This is the most important festival of the year for them,
symbolising the start of something new and good harvest for the coming year. People from many
villages gather together and share their memories of the last year.
During the festival, there are various traditional musical shows that embody Hmong customs. Women
and girls dress up in traditional costumes, wearing silver necklaces and diadems. Some other festive
activities include tug-of-war and horse racing. They join with the Vietnamese (Kinh) Lunar New Year
about a month later, when all the ethnicities also celebrate together.
- embody (v): tiêu biểu, biểu trưng
- diadem (n): vương miệng
1. How often do the Hmong people celebrate their own New Year?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do the Hmong people celebrate their New Year?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. When does the Hmong’s New Year festival take place?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why doesn’t the Hmong’s New Year festival have an exact day every year?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. How long does the Hmong’s New Year festival last?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. What does the Hmong’s New Year festival symbolize?
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. Can we watch the Hmong’s traditional musical shows before their New Year festival?
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. According to the passage, which is shorter, a year following the Hmong’s calendar or a year
following the Kinh’s lunar calendar?
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Read the passage and choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Located on a hill, 65 kilometers from Lao Cai city, Bac Ha market is the (1) ____________ place to
learn about the life of the Northwest region. The market is divided into areas according to trading (2)
____________ such as cloth market, horse market, poultry market, bird market, tool market, etC.
Visitors can find daily necessities and different kinds of cattle and poultry such as buffaloes, chickens,
ducks, birds, and hundreds of horses. Besides, this place is very famous for (3) ____________, and the
dining area is also very wide. Each market is rich, (4) ____________ and representing local ethnic
identity.
Bac Ha market is also a place for cultural exchanges among ethnic groups. People always wear
colorful dresses to go to Bac Ha market because they also see this as a festival. It attracts not only (5)
____________ but also domestic and foreign tourists.
1. A. idea B. ideal C. ideas D. idol
2. A. products B. names C. goods D. traditions
3. A. cuisines B. recipes C. specialties D. dishes
4. A. complicated B. modern C. diverse D. poor
5. A. villagers B. farmers C. tourists D. local people
F. WRITING
I. Write complete questions using the cues given.
1. Where/ the Stieng people/ mainly/ live?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What/ be/ another name/ Hmong group?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. How often/ ethnic children/ walk/ their village/ town?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Who/ be/ most respected person/ Xo Dang community?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which/ place/ you/ like better,/ Dong Van/ Meo Vac?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Whose/ festival/ be/ Katé/ Ninh Thuan province?
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Why/ groom/ come to live/ his wife’s house/ after the wedding?
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. How many/ stilt houses/ there/ be/ Co Ho village?
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. Mountainous regions in northern Viet Nam are home to lots of ethnic minorities.
 There are
2. Let’s ask the guide for more information.
 Why don’t we
3. What is the price of these traditional shawls?
 How much
4. No other house in the village is as tall as the communal house.
 The communal house is
5. The Ma people weave cloth very well.
 The Ma people are
6. How high is the mountain?
 What’s
7. The Tay families live simply, but they enjoy their way of life.
 Even though
8. What time does the folk dance performance start?
 When
UNIT 5.
OUR CUSTOMS
AND TRADITIONS
A. PHONETICS
I. Underline the words having the sound /n/ or /ŋ/.
1. It is a tradition that the young look after the old in their family.
2. The offering includes wine, chicken, fish, steamed sticky rice, and fruits.
3. This museum has a fine display of old medical instruments.
4. She’s studying ethnic languages and culture.
5. Their wedding ceremony will be held in June.
6. We enjoy going to church and worshiping God.
7. Humans are now more successful at extending longevity.
8. I can hardly thank you enough for your kindness.
9. In spring nature wakes from a long winter sleep.
10. I don’t think the rain would last long.
1. A. sun B. country C. sing D. knife
2. A. hand B. strong C. gong D. wing
3. A. fun B. drink C. son D. wind
4. A. run B. again C. donkey D. noon
5. A. uncle B. monkey C. tank D. woman
B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the words to make meaningful phrases.
1. martial arts a. flowers that are opening up and revealing their petals
2. whale worship b. items that decorate a place and make it look more beautiful, lively and
aesthetic
3. family reunion c. people attending a festival
4. festival goers d. the ritual by which two people get married
5. bamboo pole e. a large gathering for family members
6. communal house f. various sports or skills that originated as forms of self-defense or
attack, such as judo, karate, and kendo
7. decorative items g. the ritual of giving foods to ancestors or gods
8. blooming flowers h. practice of fishermen who believe that the whale’s spirits will protect
them on the sea
9. wedding ceremony i. a traditional architectural work in a Vietnamese village, a place for
worshipping the god helping and protecting the villagers
10. food offerings j. a tree that is put up in front of one’s house on Lunar New Year to expel
evils and pray for good luck
II. Complete the sentences with the phrases in part I.
1. Among the _____________________ of Viet Nam, Vovinam is now the
largest and most developed one.
2. They clean their houses and place a variety of _____________________

such as vegetables and fruits to the spirits of ancestors.
3. Tet is for _____________________ because Vietnamese people usually

return to their families for Tet.
4. _____________________, which represents the rich spiritual life of the

local people, is a typical architecture of Viet Nam.
5. _____________________ can be considered as the official announcement

about marriage of a couple.
6. Millions of Buddhist followers and _____________________ flock to
Huong pagoda to celebrate the Huong Pagoda Festival.
7. _____________________ is a traditional cultural practice of coastal fishing

communities in central and southern Viet Nam.
8. Many Vietnamese families have a custom of erecting a

________________, called neu tree, in front of their house on the last day of
the year.
9. Tet is an occasion that marks the return of spring - the season of sprouting
trees and _____________________.
10. Lanterns are usually used as _____________________ in festivals and

New Year time in Hoi An ancient town.

1. Parents usually want their ____________ to follow the family traditions.
A. ancestors B. offspring C. relatives D. generations
2. My table ____________ aren’t as good at home as when I’m at a restaurant.
A. gestures B. behaviours C. manners D. postures
3. We should ____________ our customs and traditions wherever we live.
A. respect B. break C. allow D. Take
4. Honouring teachers is a ____________ that dates back at least a thousand years.
A. custom B. tradition C. regulation D. necessity
5. Do you always use ____________ a at your meals? - No, sometimes we sit on chairs.
A. tray B. cutlery C. mat D. pair of chopsticks
6. The most important place in their home is a shrine they used to ____________ their ancestors.
A. accept B. pass down C. worship D. follow
7. ____________ naming girls after flowers is becoming less common in my place.
A. It’s the custom that B. According to tradition,
C. There is a tradition that D. The custom of
8. It’s necessary to ____________ the plates in newspaper to stop them from breaking.
A. wrap B. place C. fold D. get
9. We ____________ tradition by travelling abroad instead of celebrating Tet at home.
A. looked to B. passed down C. followed up D. broke with
10. Do you know that people must use ____________ when they eat beefsteak?
A. knife and fork B. fork and chopsticks
C. spoon and knife D. knife and chopsticks
1. The custom of ____________ ancestors is popular among Vietnamese people. (worship)
2. We have a long tradition of giving ____________ money to children during Tet. (luck)
3. The children in their village are always ____________ to their elders. (respect)
4. The village’s name often becomes the trademark of handicraft products made by its ____________.
(village)
5. Is Ham Rong mountain filled with ____________ blossoms of orchid in springtime? (bloom)
6. Yellow apricot blossoms are a ____________ symbol of Tet in southern Viet Nam. (tradition)
7. On Vu Lan Festival, many Vietnamese people go to pagodas to chant ____________ and give
offerings to Buddha. (pray)
8. Tet is an opportunity for family members to ____________ and honour the traditional values of the
homeland. (reunion)
9. Vietnamese traditional paintings are diverse, serving both spiritual and ____________ purposes.
(decorate)
10. There are ____________ rules and etiquette around the British tradition of drinking tea. (society)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Fill in the blanks with a or an.
1. Sli singing is _____ original genre of Nung folk song.
2. The Cham people once boasted _____ flourishing culture early in the history.
3. Food is _____ important part of Vietnamese culture.
4. The Museum of Ethnology offers _____ insight into 54 ethnic groups of Viet Nam.
5. _____ small number of ethnic minorities in Viet Nam lived semi-nomadic life.
6. Hoi An is _____ ancient town on the coastal plain of Quang Nam.
7. very popular belief among Vietnamese is the custom of the ancestor cult.
8. Vietnamese culture is characterized by _____ series of unique customs and traditions.
9. Food is _____ ideal symbolic marker of festivity in many countries.
10. The Viet people succeeded in establishing _____ centralized monarchy right in the 10th century.
II. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, or  (zero article).
1. Viet Nam is _____ S-shaped country located in _____ centre of Southeast Asia.
2. In Japan, Shinto is _____ ethnic religion focusing on _____ ceremonies and rituals.
3. Israel has _____ dynamic, creative and diverse culture, but its holidays and festivals are all based on
_____ Hebrew calendar.
4. The dhoti is _____ type of traditional clothing for Indian men, which is _____ unstitched piece of
cloth that is tied around the waist and legs.
5. Pho is _____ unique food of _____ Viet Nam.
6. They will attend _____ event to bring their culture closer to _____ international friends.
7. Is it true that there is _____ altar in _____ every Vietnamese home and business?
8. _____ culture of Viet Nam is _____ customs and traditions of _____ Kinh people and other _____
ethnic groups of Viet Nam.
9. Ancestor worship is widely practiced, with _____ elaborate rites and ceremonies to honour _____
family members.
10. Worshiping their ancestors is _____ important custom in _____ tradition of _____ Kinh people.
1. Vietnamese people celebrate _____ Tet annually, which is based on _____ lunisolar calendar.
A.  -  B.  - a C. the - the D. the – a
2. Farmers traditionally use Tet as _____ opportunity to remember _____ gods of harvest.
A. the - the B. a -  C.  -  D. an – the
3. Handicrafts would be _____ inevitable part if you want to buy _____ gifts when visiting Viet Nam.
A.  - the B. a - the C. an -  D.  - 
4. _____ Khmer people are _____ indigenous ethnic minority with _____ long history of settlement.
A. The - an - a B.  -  -  C. The - the - the D.  - a – an
5. _____ O Du’s culture is an indispensable part of ethnic culture in _____ Nghe An province.
A. The -  B. The - a C.  -  D.  - a
6. _____ National Village for Ethnic Culture is _____ excellent place to learn about Vietnam’s ethnic
groups.
A. The - the B.  - a C. A - an D. The – an
7. If good things come to _____ family on _____ first day of the New Year, _____ entire following year
will also be full of blessings.
A. the - a - the B.  - the - an C. a - the - the D. a - a – an
8. _____ Mong Culture Festival is an opportunity to introduce and honour _____ values of _____
Mong people’s traditions.
A.  - the -  B. The -  - the C. A - the -  D. The - the – the
9. The black Thai's pieii scarf is _____ symbol of love and _____ important clothing accessory for
_____ women.
A. a - the - the B. a - an -  C.  - a - the D. the - the - 
10. _____ evident gap in the material and spiritual life has still existed between peoples living in
_____ deltas and those living in _____ mountain areas.
A.  - a - the B. An - the - the C. The - the -  D.  -  - the
1. Viet Nam has an unique culture that has undergone over the millennia.
A. has B. an C. has undergone D. the
2. A special large conical hat give Vietnamese women an elegant look.
A. A B. give C. an D. look
3. Should foreigners leave a hug when greeting Vietnamese people for first time?
A. a hug B. greeting C. for D. first time
4. It is importantly to have a general feel for the values and customs of a culture.
A. importantly B. a C. the D. a
5. Songkran, a festival in Thailand, is one of the most important events in a Buddhist calendar.
A. Songkran B. Thailand C. the most important D. a
6. The culture of Philippines is a blend of Filipino and Spanish Catholic traditions.
A. The B. Philippines C. a D. traditions
7. In Japan, a bow can range from a small nod of the head to deep bend at the waist.
A. a B. a C. the D. deep bend
8. Vu Lan Festival, a honoured tradition, is dedicated to the deceased parents, grandparents, and
ancestors.
A. a B. is C. the D. and
9. In Viet Nam’s traditional society, a typical family can have three or four generations living under
same roof.
A. In B. a C. living D. same roof
10. Vietnamese New Year, known as Tet, is a celebration of a Lunar New Year in Vietnamese culture.
A. known as B. a C. a D. in
D. SPEAKING
1. Do you always use chopsticks and spoons to take a. Yes, you should always do that.
food?
2. We have a custom of having a big family meal on b. Do they also visit their friends?
Sundays.
3. Are there differences between customs and c. Perhaps you should wait for the host to
traditions? start eating.
4. Is there any unspoken rule of gift giving in your d. We pray for good health and luck.
country?
5. What do you usually do at a pagoda? e. Yes. But you can only do that at Tet.
6. They have a tradition of visiting relatives at Tet. f. Yes, It’s a good idea to hand a gift with both
hands.
7. What family event do you often take part in, g. No. Sometimes we use forks.
Loan?
8. What should I do when having meal with a h. Which meal is it, lunch or dinner?
Vietnamese family?
9. Should I take off my shoes before entering the i. Yes, there are some. I think so.
house?
10. The custom of giving lucky money at Tet is j. Oh, we have lots of events, but I like family
great. meals the most.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
___ Really? What have you learned about them so far?
___ You can see men wearing their ao dai in some festivals, ceremonies, art shows, weddings...
___ That’s really interesting to know! I should read more about this.
___ No, I can’t. What is it?
_1_ Hi, Abigail. What are you doing?
___ The ao dai is a Vietnamese national costume. Vietnamese women usually wear ao dai on
special occasions. They also wear it at many workplaces. Girls wear white ao dai in high
schools.
___ What is interesting? I’d like to know if you can tell some facts about it.
___ That’s true. But there’s one more thing. Can you guess?
___ In the past, Vietnamese men had to wear men’s ao dai, which is similar to women’s ao dai.
Today they don’t have to wear it in daily activities.
___ Hi, Duong. I’m reading about Vietnamese customs and traditions.
___ Well, I’ve just started reading, but I know something interesting about ao dai.
___ Oh! That’s why I’ve never seen Vietnamese men wearing ao dai. Are there any opportunities
to see it?
E. READING
I. Read the passage and do the task.
When mentioning Tet, the children normally think of “Li Xi”. Giving each other best wishes and giving
the children “Li xi” have become indispensable parts of Tet. Children are extremely happy and excited
when receiving “Li Xi” from adults. “Li Xi” or lucky money is a small amount of money put in a red
envelope which is given to children as a token of luck and best wishes. The old also get “Li Xi” from
their children with a bless for a new year of health, peace and happiness. It is a common belief that
the money can bring good fortune to the upcoming year.
Traditionally, in the morning of the first day of Lunar New Year, children will visit their grandparents’
home and give them wishes for good health and long life. It is the chance for the kids to show their
respect and gratitude toward previous generations. After that, grandparents will give the children “Li
xi” to welcome their new age. They also wish their grandchildren health, progress in study...
This traditional ritual still remains preserved until today; and “Li Xi” tradition has been an
indispensable part of many generations’ childhood. Although the amount of the money is small, the
meaning that lucky money brings is very great. It not only presents the best wishes of the adults for
the kids, but also demonstrates a succession of generations.
A. Match the words with their definitions.
1. indispensable a. to show or prove something clearly
2. token b. something that represents a feeling, fact, event, etc.
3. ritual c. a number of similar people that exist after each other
4. demonstrate d. too important not to have
5. succession e. something that is done regularly and always in the same
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5-
B. Answer the questions.
1. How do the children feel when receiving “Li Xi” from adults?
2. What does “Li Xi” given to children at Tet represent?
3. Is it the custom that only children receive lucky money on the first day of Lunar New Year?
4. What will the children wish their grandparents?
5. What does the tradition of giving “Li Xi” to children in families prove?
Table manners are very different in every country. For example, when you are in England you must
not lift your soup plate to your mouth. This is very impolite. But when you are in Japan this is
completely (1) ________________. Lifting your plate to your mouth in Japan is a traditional way of
drinking your soup. And also in Japan you don’t have to worry about making noise when you drink it.
It just shows that you really like the food! But it is not the same in Britain so you (2)
________________ make noise when eating there.
In Britain people don’t put their hands or elbows on the table during the meal. But in Mexico, guests
keep their hands on the table all the time. In fact, you should watch what your hands do very
carefully. In Arab countries it is (3) ________________ when you eat with your left hand so don’t do
it!
In all the cultures it is impolite to speak when you are eating. Also you should leave some food on
your plate because it is considered impolite if you eat everything. In Ukraine you should not start
eating first, you should wait for all the others to start eating with you. You also have to say ‘please’
and ‘thank you’ every time you ask and (4) ________________ something. If you don’t like some
food, don’t make (5) ________________ and sounds that show this and don’t say: “Yuk! I hate that!”
The best way to avoid making mistakes in other countries is to watch the host and try to follow them.
1. A. usual B. normal C. simple D. regular
2. A. must B. should C. shouldn’t D. don’t have to
3. A. impolite B. important C. unpleasant D. unpopular
4. A. give B. offer C. answer D. get
5. A. noises B. mistakes C. comments D. faces
F. WRITING
I. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. great way / Story telling / a / to / is / local tradition / the / alive / keep
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. a / stay out / It’s / custom / becoming / for us / late / to / on / New Year’s Eve
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. temple or / shouldn’t / wear / when / a / a / a / go into / hat / you / pagoda / You
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. hark work / Many / is / important Vietnamese value / think that / people / an
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. The / Japanese lion dance / the / are / popular / Vietnamese unicorn dance and / both
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. at / My mum / always / to / our ancestors / worship / Tet holiday / prepares offerings
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Sometimes / by / have dinner / going out / to / at / Western restaurant / we / a / break tradition/
with
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Having dinner / at / my grandparents’ house / is / a / custom / we / practise / every Sunday
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. It’s not necessary for customers to tip for poor services.
 Customers don’t
2. My family traditionally cooks banh chung at Tet holiday.
 My family follows a tradition
3. Speaking loudly inside a temple or pagoda is impolite.
You shouldn’t
4. It’s mandatory for him to learn to use chopsticks for eating rice.
 He must
5. You should greet people with a warm handshake in formal places.
 It’s a good idea to
6. They will probably travel to Japan to experience Japanese lifestyle.
 They might
7. Our custom is to take off hats before going into the house.
 We have the custom
8. You shouldn’t touch another person’s head because it’s disrespectful.
 It’s disrespectful for
UNIT 6.
LIFESTYLES
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with br or pr to complete the words.
1. __ead 6. __esent
2. __ice 7. __acelet
3. fa__ic 8. foot__int
4. __ofessor 9. __iefcase
5. um__ella 10. tooth__ush
II. Fill in the blanks with br or pr to complete the sentences.

1. We had a little party to cele__ate her __omotion.
2. A controversial __ogramme was __oadcast on social media.
3. Can __occoli im__ove my health when I eat it properly?
4. __actise these __eathing techniques until you remember them.
5. The __idge vi__ated when a heavy truck passed.
6. He sent them a __esent to ex__ess his gratitude.
7. The hotel __ovided __eakfast with no extra charge.
8. Which __and of toothpaste do you __efer?
9. Account details are encrypted to __otect __ivacy.
10. The __esident is under intense __essure to resign.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
shaking hands slightly bowing kissing on cheek hugging
saying ‘Hello’ pressing noses clapping hands putting hand on heart
1. 5.
________________ ________________
2. 6.
________________ ________________
3. 7.
________________ ________________
4. 8.
________________ ________________
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

dogsled native arts tribal dance making crafts weaving
lifestyle in the habit of street food common practice greeting
1. In casual shopping hubs and markets in Viet Nam, bargaining is a ________________.
2. After ________________ someone and learning their name, the next thing you might want to do is
saying “Nice to meet you!”
3. Many Vietnamese people are ________________ using new plastic bags each time they go
shopping.
4. Have you ever gone for a ________________ ride and played with puppies at Glacier National
Park?
5. Because of its unique values, Japanese ________________ and culture have become a trend for
many young Vietnamese people.
6. I created lanterns of different shapes after I learned about ________________ with silk and
bamboo.
7. ________________ in Viet Nam is similar to fast food in Western countries; however, it is fresher
and more authentic.
8. Do you know a dance troupe that mixes modern styles with a traditional ________________?
9. Viet Nam has many traditional handicrafts, of which ________________ and embroidery are two of
the most famous ones.
10. Meo Vac market is a great place to find products of ________________ and locally made
handicrafts.
1. If I had to say what I like most, I’d say pizza. It’s my ________________ food.
A. fast B. staple C. street D. favourite
2. When travelling abroad, you should break with old habits and allow yourself to ________________
the culture of the host country.
A. try B. suffer C. feel D. experience
3. This salon provides the latest trends in hair colour and ________________ for summer.
A. practices B. styles C. traditions D. customs
4. Phu Khe is known as the land with the traditional craft of ________________ wood in the imperial
citadel of Thang Long.
A. cutting B. carving C. weaving D. tailoring
5. A team of husky dogs is usually used to pull a ________________ and his sledge beyond the snow
or ice.
A. musher B. skater C. skier D. dancer
6. Possibly the trinity of Vietnamese ________________, the jewels on the crown, pho, banh mi, and
spring rolls are the most famous dishes of the country.
A. meal B. cooking C. cuisine D. dining
7. They have managed to ________________ their traditions and customs despite facing significant
historical and ongoing challenges.
A. maintain B. break C. lose D. make
8. In Japan, people greet each other by ________________. It ranges from a small nod of the head to
a deep bend at the waist.
A. handshaking B. hugging C. bowing D. sticking out one’s tongue
9. ________________ is one of the most popular dishes among the Japanese, and the most famous
Japanese dish outside of Japan.
A. Pizza B. Spaghetti C. Fish and chips D. Sushi
10. Kimchi is a traditional ________________ side dish made from fermented cabbage, radish, or
cucumber.
A. Japanese B. Korean C. Thai D. Chinese
1. It’s normal to tip for good ________________ in restaurants and cafes in Viet Nam. (serve)
2. ________________ groups in America have different languages, songs, dances, dress, and customs.
(tribe)
3. I think a good teacher is a good ________________. (communicate)
4. In the era of social media, will traditional ________________ cards disappear? (greet)
5. ________________, Vietnamese meals are prepared by wives or mothers. (tradition)
6. To have a ________________ lifestyle, people need a change in their habits or attitude. (practice)
7. Some foreigners say that ao dai is a combination of elegant dress and ________________ pants.
(style)
8. This electric ________________ can cook various rice species such as white rice, glutinous rice,
brown rice... (cook)
9. ________________ techniques can be used for making both bamboo and rattan. (weave)
10. Adult ________________ find the convenience of online learning a match for their busy lifestyles.
(learn)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the future simple.
1. I think I _____________ (go) on holiday in July.
2. We _____________ (not travel) by bus, I suppose.
3. _____________ (you, tell) me your email address?
4. I’m afraid your dad _____________ (not like) this test result.
5. Sarah _____________ (probably, take) the biology course.
6. _____________ (Albert, be) at school tomorrow?
7. I _____________ (not leave) until you come back.
8.Your journey _____________ (last) for 4 to 5 hours. I guess.
9. I have no idea how to fix this error. I _____________ (not do) it.
10. What _____________ (Jason, think) of my new hairstyle?
1. Wait a minute, please. The dance performance (starts/ will start) soon.
2. This year the school year (ends/ is ending) on 15 June.
3. Are you hungry? I (will make/ am making) you a bowl of instant noodle.
4. Tomorrow the sun (rises/ is rising) at about 6.15.
5. You can’t watch this kind of film or you (cry/ will cry) again.
6. I (don’t do/ am not doing) anything tonight. I want to go to bed early.
7. What time (do you meet/ are you meeting) Jimmy on Sunday morning?
8. I can’t help you. I (go/ am going) to the dentist's this afternoon.
9. You can’t take all these heavy boxes on your own. I (will help/ am helping) you.
10. (Do you have/ Are you having) your birthday party this week or next week? I forgot.
III. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the present simple or the future simple.
1. It _____________ (be) best for your health if you _____________ (keep) the current active lifestyle.
2. Unless people _____________ (take) culture into account, sustainable development
_____________ (not take place).
3. If she comfortably _____________ (talk) about her own culture, she _____________ (feel) better.
4. Hunger _____________ (spiral) out of control if the world _____________ (fail) to take immediate
climate action.
5. If the person _____________ (have) so much muscle or one is a large-boned person, then BMI
_____________ (be) high.
6. Unless humans _____________ (reverse) the current trends, endangered languages
_____________ (become) extinct.
7. If a patient _____________ (have) asthma, his persistent cough symptoms _____________ (get)
worse.
8. If we _____________ (take) responsibility for our lives, we _____________ (have) the individual
freedom to pursue our goals.
9. Your doctor _____________ (tell) you which lifestyle changes are suitable for you if you
_____________ (have) a chronic condition.
10. If tourists _____________ (want) to experience the colour and vitality of a Mexican festival, they
_____________ (need) to plan their tour accordingly.
IV. Fill in the gaps with if or unless.
1. _____________ you study hard, you can’t get a good mark.
2. _____________ Brian is tired, we will go cycling as usual.
3. _____________ the weather is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
4. _____________ it rains heavily, we won’t drive anywhere tomorrow.
5. _____________ I have time, I won’t help you with your DIY items.
6. _____________ my friends know my secret, I won’t feel comfortable.
7. _____________ Sue buys snack every day, she will be short of money soon.
8. _____________ Calvin remembers about his promise, I will remind him about it.
9. _____________ Ms. Anna arrives at the airport on time, she won’t miss her flight again.
10. _____________ my father gets stuck in the traffic, he will come to pick me up in time.
V. Match the clauses.
1. If you know that you will be late for work, a. unless you have some good ideas.
2. Greenhouse gas emissions must decrease b. you need to tell your supervisor about it.
drastically
3. If someone visits a Turkish home, c. or you will break it.
4. I won’t talk to her d. the Turkish can do everything to make them
comfortable.
5. If you’re a foreign tourist, e. you are expected to sit up front in the
passenger seat.
6. We won’t be able to solve this problem f. if we are to reduce climate change.
7. You will often see dragons g. this guide book will teach you everything
about Vietnamese etiquette.
8. Please, put the vase back on the table h. ask them to explain or speak more slowly.
9. If you catch a taxi alone in Australia, i. unless she apologizes to me.
10. If you’re not sure what someone’s trying to j. if you visit traditional buildings or look at
say, Korean artwork.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
VI. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. How _____________ if you _____________ a successful lifestyle?
A. will you determine - live B. can you determine – lived
C. could you determine - will live D. do you determine - will live
2. New Zealanders’ strong accent _____________ confusing if you _____________ new there.
A. will be - will be B. can be - are C. can be - will be D. will be - can be
3. Unless consumers _____________ fully engaged, a successful energy transition _____________.
A. won’t be - won’t happen B. can be - don’t happen
C. will be - doesn’t happen D. are - won’t happen
4. If we _____________ into the past, we _____________ better prepared to tackle further changes
ahead.
A. looked - can be B. will look - should be
C. looked - will be D. look - might be
5. A group’s culture cannot be determined _____________ such a definable set of people with a
shared history.
A. if there aren’t B. unless there is C. if there is D. unless there will be
6. If you _____________ to study online, you _____________ a computer or a smartphone.
A. will want - will definitely need B. want - will definitely need
C. want - will need definitely D. will want - definitely need
7. Humans _____________ fewer physical activities if they _____________ on the convenience of
technologies.
A. will have - depend B. have - will depend
C. have – depend D. will have - will depend
8. If you _____________ an interest in someone’s life, you _____________ with them the things that
matter to them.
A. have - should share B. had - can share
C. has - would share D. will have – share
9. _____________ surprised then if you _____________ people seriously invest in rugby and cricket in
Australia.
A. Won’t be - see B. Don’t be - will see C. Not be - will see D. Don’t be – see
10. If the ancestors _____________, they _____________ the believer’s descendants from illness and
natural disasters.
A. will please - will protect B. will be pleased – protect
C. are pleased - will protect D. pleased - may protect
VII. Choose the underlined port that needs correcting.
1. If there will be a special occasion, people will head out to socialize with friends.
A. If B. will be C. will head D. socialize with
2. Turkish people will be making you eat anyway, even if you are not hungry.
A. will be making B. anyway C. even if D. are not
3. If you dislike something I am doing, you shouldn’t tell me about it directly so I will know.
A. If B. something C. shouldn’t tell D. so
4. It will be very usefully for your research if you choose to explore the culture of Viet Nam.
A. will be B. usually C. choose to explore D. of
5. If your cholesterol is not ideal, your doctor will likely to recommend changes in your diet.
A. If B. is C. likely to recommend D. in
6. In Brazil, if you head to the beach, you can increase your lucky by jumping over seven waves.
A. head B. you can increase C. lucky D. jumping
7. If you are employed in Qatar, you should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions in all
times.
A. If B. in C. should respect D. in
8. Settling in a new country will be easier if you know a little about their culture and lifestyle.
A. Setting B. easier C. know D. their
9. You won’t be able to find his house if you get help from a map app on the phone.
A. be able to B. if C. help D. a
10. Unless you want to give someone a gift in Asia, remember to check up on their etiquette and
traditions.
A. Unless B. to give C. to check D. their
D. SPEAKING
1. - “Can I come and look at your work?” - “____________________”
A. I’m sorry. I can’t come. B. Aha, now I see what you mean!
C. Sure. You’re welcome. D. Thanks for your kind invitation.
2. - “Music can enrich your whole life.” - “____________________”
A. Thanks a lot. B. Yes, certainly. C. Don’t mention it. D. No, I don’t like it.
3. - “Can I meet you for a moment?” - “____________________”
A. I’ll be there. B. Yes, I can. C. It’s my pleasure. D. Is it urgent?
4. - “There will be a live broadcast of the Spring Festival Gala.” - “____________________”
A. I like it here. B. OK, let’s go. C. That’s too bad. D. That’s great!
5. - “Can I borrow a pen?” - “____________________”
A. Yes, help yourself. B. Never mind. C. I see. D. Oh good.
II. Complete the conversation using the sentences from the box.
It's a pleasure.
Is it your traditional holiday that comes after the New Year?
They will go shopping for food, drinks, furniture, clothes, gifts, etc.
It's the time for family reunion.
We will invite you to our place, so you can enjoy Tet with us.
Phong, the streets are more crowded these days, aren't they?
This would be the busiest time of the year.
Maybe I should stay in Viet Nam this time to experience Tet.
Daniel: (1) ___________________________
Phong: Yes, they are. That’s because people are preparing for Tet.
Daniel: Tet? I once heard about it. (2) ___________________________
Phong: Yes. Tet follows the lunar calendar and this year Tet comes sooner than previous years.
Daniel: (3) ___________________________ Everybody is in a hurry.
Phong: Yes, they are. There are lots of things for us to do because this is the longest holiday of the
year. Now people have only two weeks left to prepare for Tet. They are trying to finish all work before
enjoying the holiday. (4) ___________________________
Daniel: What do you usually do during Tet?
Phong: We visit our relatives and friends to exchange best wishes. (5)
___________________________
Daniel: Sounds lots of fun. (6) ___________________________
Phong: Yes, you should. (7) ___________________________
Daniel: That would be great. Thank you very much.
Phong: (8) ___________________________
E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
Nowadays, in modern times, (1) ____________ has incorporated itself into every aspect of our
lives, including the education field. It is a tool that helps US complete complex tasks quickly and (2)
____________.
(3) ____________, it is necessary to keep in mind that technology is a tool for education, but it can’t
solve the problems itself. The usefulness of educational technology lies in what educators do with it
and how they use it to best (4) ____________ the needs of their students.
The (5) ____________ use of digital learning tools in the classroom can boost student engagement,
assist teachers in improving lesson plans, and (6) ____________ personalized learning. It also helps
students to develop critical thinking skills.
(7) ____________ classrooms, augmented reality (AR), videos, different robots, and other technology
tools can not only make the class more interesting, but they can also develop more inclusive practices
that foster cooperation and intellectual curiosity while also allowing teachers to collect data (8)
____________ student performance.
1. A. technical B. technology C. technological D. technologically
2. A. difficultly B. wrongly C. efficiently D. mistakenly
3. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Although
4. A. get B. know C. change D. meet
5. A. appropriate B. incorrect C. unsuitable D. improper
6. A. to enable B. enabling C. enable D. enabled
7. A. Real B. Digital C. Actual D. Virtual
8. A. to B. on C. with D. by
The ‘Hongi’ is a traditional Maori greeting in New Zealand used by the Maori people. To hongi you
press your nose and forehead together with the nose and forehead of the person you are greeting.
Many people of Maori decent prefer to hongi, instead of shaking hands.
Although at important ceremonies a hongi will also be given with a handshake as a way to make
people of all cultures attending feel welcome. It is not unusual to see people, young and old, male and
female, hongi when they meet in everyday situations. The greeting is not reserved for traditional or
cultural meetings, it is a natural part of everyday life. Especially for those connected to their Maori
heritage.
When Maori greet one another by pressing noses, the tradition of sharing the breath of life is
considered to have come directly from the gods. Through the exchange of this physical greeting, one
is no longer considered manuhiri (“a visitor”) but rather tangata whenua, “one of the people of the
land”.
1. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. The Hongi - A Maori Greeting
B. The Hongi - The Maori’s Culture
C. Traditional Maori Greetings in New Zealand
D. Maori and New Zealand Heritage
2. What is the main point in the Maori’s hongi according to the first paragraph?
A. One’s nose must touch one another’s when shaking hands.
B. One’s forehead must touch one another’s when greeting.
C. One’s nose and forehead must touch one another’s when shaking hands.
D. One’s nose and forehead must touch one another’s when greeting.
3. According to the second paragraph, the Maori hongi ____________.
A. at important ceremonies B. in traditional or cultural meetings
C. in everyday situations D. all of the above
4. The word ‘pressing’ in the third paragraph can be best replaced by ____________.
A. pulling B. rubbing C. breathing D. hitting
5. We can learn from the third paragraph that ____________.
A. the Maori allow the visitor to live in their land through the hongi greeting
B. the Maori allow the visitor to be part of their family through the hongi greeting
C. the Maori welcome the visitor to their place through the hongi greeting
D. the visitor can visit the Maori’s gods through the hongi greeting
F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences with the cues given.
1. If it/ not/ rain/ tomorrow, we/ not/ take our umbrellas.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Michael’s eyes/ not/ improve/ if he/ keep/ check Facebook/ all the time.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. She/ save/ a lot/ money/ if/ she/ work/ toward/ financial goal.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. The boy/ not/ cooperate/ unless/ his parents/ allow/ him/ use his smartphone.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. If there/ be/ no effort to maintain traditions, they/ probably/ die out.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. He/ not/ become/ doctor/ if/ he/ not/ finish/ his study/ medical school.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. If parents/ work/ hard and/ live/ responsibly, their children/ have/ better life.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Koreans/ not/ invade/ each other’s personal space/ unless/ they/ be/ very intimate.
__________________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. If you miss the Lim Festival, you won’t be able to enjoy the real quan ho singing.
 Don’t
2. The Mother Pagoda is on the high mountain, but I want to climb up.
 Although
3. Don’t read negative comments on social media too much or you can feel stressed all the time.
 If you
4. On seeing the procession, they started to take some photos.  When they
5. The fastest way to the temple is travelling by cable car.
 There is no
6. The reason why Bella joined the festival was that she had a project on it.
 Bella joined
7. Even though he made great efforts, he failed to win the race.
 In spite
8. Coming to crowded and noisy places always makes my sister excited.
 My sister’s always
REVIEW 2
1. A. culture B. decide C. music D. call
2. A. offering B. long C. longevity D. think
3. A. know B. talk C. walk D. like
4. A. nature B. tradition C. winter D. thank
5. A. garden B. region C. gong D. background
1. A. lifestyle B. respect C. service D. ethnic
2. A. harvest B. maintain C. attend D. unique
3. A. festival B. instrument C. handicraft D. overlook
4. A. concentrate B. ornament C. performance D. demonstrate
5. A. ceremony B. communicate C. minority D. community
III. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. The local authority has discussed with the _____________ leader to build a new health centre.
(tribe)
2. Five-coloured _____________ rice contains the culinary hues of white, purple, green,yellow and
red. (stick)
3. The monochord, called ‘Dan Bau’ in Vietnamese, is one of traditional _____________ instruments
of purely Vietnamese origin. (music)
4. The custom of _____________ ancestors is prevalent among Vietnamese people. (worship)
5. We should find a way to enjoy the _____________ activities without impacting our healthy
lifestyle. (festival)
6. Sedge mat _____________ is a famous traditional handicraft in rural Northern Viet Nam. (weave)
7. From past to present, the _____________ house is a familiar image to each Vietnamese people.
(community)
8. They should never treat the elderly in a _____________ way like that. (respect)
9. Festival _____________ can always enjoy several local specialities and famous agricultural
products. (go)
10. Ta Leng is known for its beautiful _____________ fields that fascinate people, especially in
September. (terrace)
1. The function of most _____________ in Viet Nam is to provide a space for local people to meet and
for ceremonies to be held.
A. communal house B. town house C. apartment D. cottage
2. _____________ and crafts such as pottery and baskets are not only beautiful but also convenient
for daily life.
A. Tribal dances B. Common practices C. Native arts D. Special styles
3. This culture trip allows you to _____________ culture in the world’s most unforgettable
destinations.
A. experience B. pray C. admire D. celebrate
4. The _____________ can be not only performed solo but also a part of an orchestra.
A. wooden statue B. bamboo pole C. bamboo flute D. ornamental tree
5. If you want to _____________ someone formally, use Mr. or Ms. after their first name.
A. practise B. serve C. admire D. greet
6. Fishermen held _____________ festivals and wished for luck when fishing in the sea.
A. lion B. buffalo C. whale D. dog
7. I’m thinking about becoming a professional _____________ to be able to drive a sled with 6 or 8
dogs.
A. musher B. goer C. communicator D. worshipper
8. Traveling to Ha Giang, you will have the opportunity to visit ethnic minority villages and
_____________ markets.
A. native B. local C. folk D. communal
9. Putting up _____________ on the altar, burning votive money, and lighting incense are common
rituals in Viet Nam during Tet.
A. crops B. instruments C. livestock D. offerings
10. They _____________ with tradition by travelling to Da Lat instead of coming back their hometown
at Tet.
A. became B. broke C. followed D. maintained
V. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. We sent them congratulations and gifts ______ their 30th wedding anniversary.
2. I'm not ______ the habit of turning on the TV as soon as I get home.
3. Mushers from all over the world come ______ Anchorage in March to compete for cash and prizes.
4. Italy is well-known ______ its rich culture and spectacular architecture.
5. When you receive something ______ someone who is older, you should use two hands.
6. The staircase ______ a Muong’s stilt house has an odd number of steps.
7. The traditional cuisine of Germany varies considerably ______ region to region.
8. Visitors from all ______ the country came to join the Hung King Temple Festival.
9. In Vietnam’s traditional society, a typical family has three or four generations living ______ the
same roof.
10. You should never eat or drink ______ one hand on your hip.
VI. Supply the correct tense of the verbs in the brackets.
1. Akiko usually ___________ (wear) traditional clothes for formal occasions in Japan.
2. Jack was very surprised when he first ___________ (enjoy) Tet holiday.
3. I’ve missed the last bus to the train station. - Don’t worry. I ___________ (drive) you there.
4. I hope Vivien ___________ (recover) from her depression sooner or later.
5. Could you pick me up at the school tomorrow afternoon? My class ___________ (end) at 4.45 p.m.
as usual.
6. What are you doing? - I ___________ (read) about netiquette.
7. He ___________ (not buy) the ticket to the music show because it was free.
8. Stilt houses ___________ (be) popular among different ethnic minority groups.
9. They broke with tradition by ___________ (get) married without inviting relatives.
10. Do you have any plan for Sunday? - I don’t know. Perhaps I ___________ (stay) at home.
VII. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Ancestor worship is ___________ religious rite of ___________ Tay and many Kinh families.
A. a - the B.  - the C. the - the D.  - 
2. You don’t have to change much but pay ___________ attention to your daily routine.
A. a few B. much C. a lot of D. a little
3. The Nung people have ___________ abundant wealth of folk arts and cultural activities.
A. the B. an C. a D. 
4. You ___________ first if the Hmong people ___________ visitors to enter their home.
A. ask - will allow B. should ask – allow
C. can ask - allowed D. will ask - will allow
5. A typical La Chi house has three apartments and there’s ___________ altar in ___________ largest
apartment.
A. an -  B. the - a C. an - the D. the – the
6. Unless the weather ___________ bad, we ___________ the tribal dance at the local festival.
A. will be - will see B. will be - see C. is - will see D. is - won’t see
7. The Ta Oi practice a slash-and-burn method of ___________ cultivation and grow ___________ wet
rice.
A. the - the B.  -  C. the -  D. a – a
8. Content of the curriculum ___________ of high quality if students ___________ to engage in
learning and acquire deeper understanding.
A. must be - will be B. will be - must be C. are - are D. must be - are
9. Each Xo Dang village has ___________ communal house whose roof looks like ___________ axe-
head.
A. a - the B. the - an C. the -  D. a – an
10. If you ___________ a little attention, you ___________ them giving food offerings at the home
altar before each meal.
A. pay - will see B. will pay – see C. will pay - will see D. paid - can see
VIII. Choose the underlined port that needs correcting.
1. The new boutique features its customers an casual, stylish, retro ambience.
A. The B. its C. an D. stylish
2. The oldest man plays an important role in the village of the most ethnic groups.
A. The oldest B. an C. the D. the most
3. Vietnamese lifestyle varies from region to region and between the young and old.
A. from B. to C. the young D. old
4. It isn’t appropriate touching somebody during a conversation unless it’s among close friends.
A. touching B. a C. unless D. it’s
5. Costumes in the south seemed to be more style and modern than in the north.
A. seemed B. style C. modern D. the
6. The rites consist of make offerings of fruits, foods and wine, and burning incense.
A. The B. make C. of D. burning
7. I think online learning becomes the new mode of education in the near future.
A. think B. becomes C. of D. in
8. If we are to reduce air pollution, we mustn’t increase the use of all low-carbon energy sources.
A. to B. mustn’t C. use D. use
9. The shop’s products is unique and varied from designs to colours with stylish dresses.
A. The B. is C. varied D. with
10. It would be nice call the Australian host and ask if they want you to prepare any dish.
A. call B. if C. want D. prepare
IX. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
There are three degrees of bow actually.
What about the second bow?
This is the most formal bow.
Sato is pretty, isn't she?
Then what did you do to respond?
Sounds a little complicated.
That means you need to bow 15 degrees from the standing posture.
Japanese people use it to greet guests, thank customers...
Lucy: Jose! Have you already met our new friend Sato?
Jose: The Japanese girl? Yes, I have.
Lucy: (1) __________________________
Jose: Yes. And the way she greeted me was really special. She took a deep bow, which made me so
confused and shy.
Lucy: (2) __________________________
Jose: I took a bow too, the only thing I knew at that moment. But I didn’t know if I bowed correctly.
Lucy: It seems that you don’t know bowing style in Japan. (3) __________________________
Jose: Really? What are they?
Lucy: The first and most informal bow is 15-degree bow. (4) __________________________. This is
called Greeting bow, which is used for friends or equals.
Jose: (5) __________________________
Lucy: The second is 30-degree bow, which is the Respect bow. It is used in formal places or
situations. (6) __________________________
Jose: The last one is 45-degree bow, isn’t it?
Lucy: That’s right. It’s called the Highest Respect bow. (7) __________________________. It shows
the bower’s deep gratitude, respectful greeting or apology. And in all bowing styles, men must
keep their hands by their sides while women put their hands together on their thighs with
their fingers touching.
Jose: (8) __________________________
Lucy: Exactly!
X. Read the passage and fill in each blank with a word from the box.
inside stuck cycling nature
designated snow of outdoor
Germans simply love fresh air! The first thing they will do in the morning is open the window to rid
the room (1) ______________ its stuffiness - even if it’s freezing cold. They are also a huge fan of al
fresco dining. It doesn’t matter if there’s (2) ______________ on the ground, or if it’s been raining all
morning - as soon as the sun comes out, Germans refuse to sit (3) ______________ at restaurants or
cafes. They will just wrap up in many layers of blankets (often provided by restaurants to
accommodate for Germans’ love of (4) ______________ dining) and enjoy their meal in front of their
favorite eatery.
People in Germany also enjoy being active outside. The wonderful (5) ______________ infrastructure
in most towns and cities means that it’s easy for people to ride their bicycles to work, instead of being
(6) ______________ on the busy metro system. Since most cities have clear, (7) ______________ bike
lanes, cycling is also very safe, meaning that even young children cycle to school - sometimes
unaccompanied! Furthermore, Germans love a good hike. Whether they head to the Alps or just their
nearest lake, they enjoy spending their weekends surrounded by (8) ______________ and burning
calories at the same time.
XI. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Ok-Om-Bok Festival is a religious service that worships the moon deity of the Khmer minority group
and prays for good luck, happiness, good weather and bumper crops. The festival is usually held when
the dry season begins and rice are ripening on the fields.
The Moon-worshipping ceremony takes place in the evening of the 14th day of the tenth lunar month
before the moon goes to the top. The ceremony is held in the yards of the pagoda or of residents’
houses. People erect bamboo poles with a crossbar on which they decorate with flowers and leaves.
Below is a table of offerings that include green rice flakes, potatoes, bananas, coconuts, grapefruits,
oranges and cakes. People sit on the ground with crossed legs, clasping their hands before the altar
and look up at the Moon. An old master of ceremonies says his prayers, asks the moon deity to
receive the offerings and bless people with the best.
After the ceremony, the elders ask the children of the house to sit flatly on the ground with crossed
legs before the altar. The elders then take a handful of green rice flakes, feed each child and ask them
what they wish while clapping their backs. If the children answer the question clearly and politely, all
the best will come to them that year. After that, people enjoy the offerings together, and children
play games or dance and sing in the moonlight. Anyone who visits the Khmer’s houses on this
occasion will taste green rice flakes. At the pagodas of Khmer people, locals hold paper-lantern
released into the sky and put on the rivers. The custom of releasing flying lights and floating lights is
believed to sweep away the darkness, impure and sadness from the village. Many traditional activities
of the Khmer are organized in the evening of the 14th.
- deity (n): thần linh
1. The passage is mainly about ______________.
A. the Ok-Om-Bok festival
B. the Moon-worshipping ceremony
C. the Ok-Om-Bok festival and the Moon-worshipping ceremony
D. the Moon-worshipping ceremony in the Ok-Om-Bok festival
2. When is the Ok-Om-Bok festival usually held according to the passage?
A. in the evening of the 14th of the tenth lunar month
B. on 14th October
C. at the beginning of the dry season
D. before the moon goes to the top
3. When the master of ceremonies says prayers, a Khmer person needs to, ______________.
A. sit flatly on the ground and look at the altar
B. have correct sitting posture before the altar and look up at the Moon
C. stay in the yard with clasped hands and look up at the Moon
D. ask the moon deity to receive the offerings
4. What do people do after the ceremony according to the second paragraph?
A. The elders have to answer some questions when they clap the children’s back.
B. The children are fed with green rice flakes and asked about their wishes.
C. Local Khmer people invite guests to their houses.
D. Visitors release paper-lanterns into the sky or put them on the rivers.
5. Which of the following is not mentioned as offerings?
A. the Moon B. fruits C. cakes D. paper-lanterns
XII. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. is / traditional craft of pottery making / for / Bat Trang / famous
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. If/ your parents/ you/ a/ proud of/ good student,/ will be/ you/ try to be
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. popular / is / among / the / What food in Viet Nam / most / foreign visitors?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. to / It’s great that / Nha Trang Carnival / we’re / this Sunday / going
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. will / chance / never / travel / forget / If / have / a / you / to / on a dogsled, / you / it
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. you / memorable time / Did / in / have / a / Thailand / last summer vacation?
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. their children / parents / According to tradition, / at / Tet / give / lucky money
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. I / dinner / Japanese family / with / a / had / interesting table manners / and learned
__________________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The villagers in this community have amazing costumes.
 What
2. Because Lan used to live in London, she knows western culture well.
 Lan
3. Children are not allowed to drink any type of alcohol.
 Children mustn’t
4. While he was watching television, we came into the room.
 He
5. It is advisable for students to take a bow on seeing a teacher from a distance.
 Students should
6. Mrs. Madison was tired, but she tried to finish all the housework.
 Despite
7. What is the length of time of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race?
 How
8. We won’t go to visit Huong pagoda if it is too crowded.
 Unless
UNIT 7.
ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
1. plant a. endangered species
2. pick up b. trees
3. protect c. the lights
4. save d. our carbon footprint
5. build e. rubbish
6. turn off f. using single-use products
7. buy g. water
8. avoid h. littering
9. reduce i. green products
10. stop j. campfire
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
endangered littering air pollution plastic single-use
species rubbish
habitat ecosystem carbon carbon environment
dioxide footprint protection
1. __________________ is throwing garbage onto the ground instead of into a trash can.
2. A(n) __________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.
3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
4. A(n) __________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
environment.
5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A(n) __________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by human
activity.
7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and radiates
heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of
____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it has
been used.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting
existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A(n) ____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.
A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can ____________ or
dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and
groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in
extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province. (Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and plants.
(harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125 trillion
annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years. (habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in
environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur
oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause (D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
1. There may have been life on Mars a. after the tree is cut down.
2. As soon as the temperature increases and is b. before they release it to the environment?
above 0oC,
3. Greenhouse gases trap some of the planet’s c. until it underwent climate change.
heat
4. Unplug power cords from the wall d. the ice begins to melt.
5. How much time do humans have e. after tornadoes and storms strike the South.
6. Some tree species aggressively sprout from f. until global warming makes the planet
the roots even unliveable?
7. Searches for victims continue a day g. until they are at risk of extinction.
8. A small action can make an enormous h. before it escapes into space.
difference
9. Do factories use filters to clean the air i. when millions of people do it.
10. Some species are not discovered j. when items aren’t in use.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight against
them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories disposing
pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the
earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their purpose.
A. Single-use plastic B. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in
this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like
in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so
natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people
will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for
new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the
environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less
waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types
of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop
until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
1. What does ecosystem mean? a. It’s “Save the environment: our work”.
2. Cars emitting black smoke should be banned. b. But tomorrow may be even hotter.
3. What will you do with these pictures? c. They can save water, paper, electricity... and
don’t litter.
4. Today is the hottest day I’ve ever known. d. Terrible! It must be hundreds of them.
5. What is the name of your project? e. Banning isn’t the best way. A fine is more
appropriate.
6. What is the difference between ‘dangerous’ f. It means a system of living organisms and their
and ‘endangered’? environment.
7. Is it true that polluted air is more dangerous g. Dangerous is full of danger while endangered
than smoking? is in danger, at risk.
8. I usually see people throw trash in the street, h. I would politely tell them not to do so if I were
but I don’t know what to do then. you.
9. How can children help to save the earth? i. I just know that both of them are dangerous.
10. Look at the river! There are lots of dead fish. j. I’ll use them for my presentation on Earth Day.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
E. READING
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly how
many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used around the
globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental impact
in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency. By
exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the environment and help people
living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people to
collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected through
the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social Plastic, which can
be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and socially ethical products. In this
way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most disadvantaged communities and recycling
becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the Plastic
Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
wildlife aquatically marine splendid species experience remains habitats
Just off the coast of Queensland in Australia lies the largest (1) _____________ nature reserve, Great
Barrier Reef. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981, this splendid ecosystem runs across 2600 km
and is made of thousands of coral reefs and (2) _____________ for a wide range of species. The
breathtaking scene under the water attracts and astounds snorkelers, divers, and (3) _____________
enthusiasts. Extending over 340,000 square kilometers, it provides shelter to a range of animal and
vegetable variety and (4) _____________. Despite the effects of climate change, this area of the
Pacific Ocean (5) _____________ a cornerstone of the canvas of biodiversity. The beauty of the
nature reserve is that it can be explored by the sea and the sky. The diversity is unmatched and
unparallel to none other and is a snorkeling and scuba diving haven for those who seek adventure at
every juncture. For the ones who are not inclined (6) _____________, you can see the beautiful coral
formations in all its (7) _____________ colors from a plane. Every year, this World Heritage listed site
is frequented by about 1.5 million visitors. Diving, snorkeling, scuba diving are just some ways to (8)
_____________ this diverse and rich ecosystem. You could also try sailing, scenic flights, and others to
try the ways to explore the getaway towns and scenic islands along the reef.
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
 Due to
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
 Because of
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
 If
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
 Unless
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of
knowledge.
 Since
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
 If
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
 Why
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
 The governments should
UNIT 8.
SHOPPING
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with sp or st to complete the words.
1. __oon 6. __orm
2. ne__ 7. ho__ital
3. __orts 8. fore__
4. __one 9. __eed
5. __ider 10. fe__ival
II. Fill in the blanks with sp or st to complete the sentences.

1. There is a __ecial discount for __aff.
2. His __eciality is barbecued __eaks.
3. I believe my si__er to be hone__.
4. __icy food often upsets my __omach.
5. The fir__ ta__e is the greate__.
6. All __udents should re__ect their teachers.
7. There is little __orage __ace in this department.
8. She will __end the day wrapping up the Chri__mas presents.
9. The __all was cleaned out of new __apers by 11.00 a.m.
10. They want to maintain high __andards of cu__omer care.
B. VOCABULARY
speciality shop bargain range of products internet access credit card
goods fair shopping centres year-round well-lit areas
1. Customers have the right to reject unsatisfactory _______________ and claim refunds.
2. To make purchases, most foreigners pay with a _______________ instead of cash.
3. Viet Nam is a shopping paradise, but you should know how to _______________ to get the best
price.
4. Online marketplaces offer consumers a wide _______________ that are easily accessible in one
place.
5. Vietnam Expo 2023, the largest trade _______________ in Viet Nam, was held at Hanoi
International Exhibition Centre.
6. You should park your car near lights and in _______________ to keep your vehicle and your
belongings safe.
7. Because of its numerous _______________ and premium stores, the city should be promoted as a
shopping destination for tourists.
8. Since online stores are accessible from anywhere with _______________, it’s easy to fit online
shopping into your life.
9. This open-air market is open _______________ although there are fewer stalls during the winter
weeks.
10. This is a supermarket, not a _______________, and most of these products are industrially made
by large-scale companies.
1. A (shopaholic / workaholic) is a person considered to be addicted to shopping.
2. 7-eleven is a famous example of a (convenience store / supermarket) that operates 24/7.
3. I like (home-grown / home-made) fruit and vegetables which are grown in a garden, rather than on
a farm.
4. Surrounded by rice fields, Can Cau (online shop / open-air market) is famous for textile products
and original specialties.
5. When I look for a product (for sale / on sale), I want to see the original price to check if the seller
has really reduced the price.
6. I don’t like bargaining, so I often buy products with a (changed / fixed) price in the supermarket.
7. When (browsing / exercising) a website or an app to shop online, the website or app remembers
your username or items you left in your shopping cart.
8. The (brochure / voucher) or gift card will be sent to you immediately upon completing your
purchase.
9. The (price / size) tag is missing so I don’t know how much this bag costs.
10. (Window / Door) shopping refers to the process of going from store to store - or even website to
website - just to look at what is for sale.
1. Many customers say the clothes’ _________ is too small or too big when returning the items.
A. price B. colour C. size D. style
2. A digital wallet allows you to securely make purchases without carrying _________.
A. cash B. debit card C. bank transfer D. credit card
3. Most Vietnamese _________ get a little income from selling street food near public places.
A. supermarkets B. convenience stores
C. street vendors D. open-air markets
4. If a product costs $45, with a 10% _________, the final price would be calculated by subtracting
10% of $45.
A. discount B. voucher C. gift card D. coupon
5. Shop owners may utilize store space by positioning the products _________ display most
attractively.
A. off B. during C. on D. for
6. If something is _________, it is made by someone using their hands or using tools rather than by
machines.
A. hand-made B. home-made C. man-made D. home-grown
7. Does “buy one get one for _________” mean I get the same item twice or can I choose another
item?
A. expensive B. cheap C. reasonable D. free
8. Online stores are available 24 hours a day, and many consumers have Internet _________ both at
work and at home.
A. surfer B. access C. browser D. post
9. After-sales _________ are supports provided to the customers after the products have already
been purchased.
A. goods B. items C. services D. cargos
10. Due to the high level of competition, _________ need to promote their products online on various
social media channels.
A. shoppers B. sellers C. shippers D. buyers
1. You can have your goods delivered to you quickly and _________. (convenience)
2. _________ is a norm in Vietnam, especially in local markets. (bargain)
3. This grocery store sells a kilo of potatoes at a _________ price of $1.30. (fix)
4. Online stores usually enable _________ to use “search” features to find specific models, brands or
items. (shop)
5. There is always something new, _________ and lovely in this store for kids. (colour)
6. Online shopping is a great option to look for _________ and unique items. (rarely)
7. Viewers can see what products are available for _________ when visiting our online store. (sell)
8. If you make Chrome your default _________, any links you click will open automatically in Chrome.
(browse)
9. This workout studio sent me a _________ offer to encourage me to buy a new package. (specialty)
10. Before you make a _________ to the seller, you should make sure you have proof of purchase.
(complain)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. We (try on always/ always try on) any clothes before purchasing.
2. Common household items (frequently are/ are frequently) available at a discount.
3. I (never buy/ don’t never buy) shoes from online stores.
4. (Do often you pay/ Do you often pay) with credit card when shopping online?
5. My parents (regularly give me/ give me regularly) some cash to buy personal items.
6. He (rarely goes/ doesn’t rarely go) shopping with his mum.
7. (Sometimes I sell/1 sell sometimes) my used books for pocket money.
8. The banks (seldom refund/ refund seldom) the fees taken from clients.
9. (Is always buying local items at local markets/ Is buying local items at local markets always) the
cheapest option?
10. My mother (usually bargains/ bargains usually) when shopping at the local market.
II. Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency in the brackets.
1. A sale price isn’t the best price. (always)
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. I buy stuff unless it has free shipping. (rarely)
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. A real bargain should leave you with regrets. (never)
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. I go to the local market to buy home-grown vegetables. (occasionally)
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. He purchases equipment online from a factory. (frequently)
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. You know when a flash sale is going to pop up. (never)
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I drink tea or eat a sandwich after going shopping. (sometimes)
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Gardeners don’t sell their crops directly to customers. (often)
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. New models come out from November to December. (usually)
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. Flash sales don’t have the best reputation in e-commerce. (always)
___________________________________________________________________________________
III. Supply the correct form of the verb in brackets in the present simple or the future simple.
1. The train ______________ (arrive) at 07.15 am.
2. I ______________ (not tell) anyone what happened today.
3. ______________ the shipper ______________ (help) you with the boxes?
4. I ______________ (see) if I can help you to solve this problem.
5. The next semester ______________ (begin) on Friday.
6. I think that Daniel ______________ (win) the next competition.
7. He ______________ (have) his entrance exam next week.
8. Don’t worry. I ______________ (not forget) to pay you back the money.
9. What time ______________ their flight ______________ (leave)?
10. The meeting is in the teacher’s room. It ______________ (start) at 11:00.
1. This ______________ such a boring film, Lucas! What time ______________?
A. was - does it finish B. is - will it finish
C. is - does it finish D. will be - will it finish
2. You ______________ some cash for parking service if you ______________ your scooter in the
basement.
A. will need – park B. need – park C. need - will park D. will need - will park
3. I ______________ my wallet. - Don’t worry! I ______________ you some money.
A. am forgetting - will lend B. forgot – lend
C. forgot - will lend D. forget – lend
4. Buying groceries online ______________ a good idea.
A. always isn’t B. seldom is C. isn’t rarely D. isn’t always
5. I ______________ to go and see this motor show. It ______________ tomorrow morning.
A. want - starts B. will want - will start
C. want - will start D. want – start
6. Many women ______________ shopping alone in the shopping mall.
A. don’t go usually B. don’t usually go
C. usually doesn’t go D. won’t go usually
7. He ______________ me a message before he ______________ home today.
A. will send - will leave B. send - will leave
C. will send - leaves D. sends – leaves
8. If you ______________ online, you ______________ great bargains at any time of the year.
A. shop - can often get B. shop - can get often
C. will shop - can often get D. will shop - often can get
9. I ______________ late! What time ______________ in Ho Chi Minh City?
A. will be - will this bus arrive B. was - does this bus arrive
C. am - will this bus arrive D. am going to be - does this bus arrive
10. Although they ______________ their store systems run like clockwork, they ______________
trouble.
A. wished - have occasionally B. wish - occasionally have
C. will wish - have occasionally D. wishes - occasionally have
V. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Customers spend rarely much time comparing one candy bar to another.
A. spend rarely B. much C. comparing D. another
2. The weatherman says that there will be heavy rains on weekend.
A. says B. there C will be D. weekend
3. Delivery usually is within three working days of your order being placed.
A. usually is B. working C. of D. being placed
4. We don’t have to hurry up because the train isn’t leaving until 3 p.m.
A. don’t have to B. because C. isn’t leaving D. until
5. The winter sales can sometimes will be a good time to buy summer items at a big discount.
A. sales B. will be C. to buy D. at
6. Online retailers often have more exclusive sales and discounts as in physical stores.
A. Online B. often have C. as D. physical
7. I will probably move into a new school toward the end of this year, but I am sure.
A. probably move B. toward C. of D. am
8. My sister is a keen and dedicated bargain hunter and rarely pay full price for anything.
A. is B. bargain C. rarely pay D. anything
9. Sellers sometimes raise their prices before a sales period to make it looks like a great deal.
A. sometimes raise B. a sales period C. looks D. a great deal
10. The flash sale ends in five minutes and I will have three items in the cart to purchase.
A. ends B. will have C. in D. to purchase
D. SPEAKING
1. - “How was your trip to Coc Ly, Adam?” - “”
A. It’s awesome. B. It’s last Sunday. C. It’s a little far. D. It’s quite large.
2. - “What do you like about that market?” - “”
A. Several times. B. Many things. C. Many thanks. D. A pair of shoes, please.
3. - “Do you have similar markets in your homeland?” - “”
A. We bought some handmade crafts. B. I’ve never visited it.
C. We do. D. We’re about to get there.
4. - “All items in the supermarket have prices on their price tag.” - “”
A. No, I can’t find the item I want. B. Yes, I like bargaining.
C. Can I have a discount for this item? D. Right. It’s convenient for customers.
5. - “” - “Well, let me check it. Could you tell me the order number?”
A. I’m calling to ask for the shirt I bought from your store last week.
B. Do you like the shirt I gave you on your birthday?
C. How much did you pay for this beautiful shirt?
D. Do you have a bigger size for this shirt?
II. Match the sentences.
1. Do you have Wi-Fi here? a. It saves time and I can buy items with a lower
price.
2. Now there are fewer fashion shops in this b. Are there any problems with the one you
street than before. purchased?
3. The store will discount 5% for card payment. c. Do you know the price for her house?
4. What do you like about online shopping? d. I know the reason. Because they put their
business on the Internet.
5. I'm calling to make a complaint about your e. That’s a good idea.
new smart TV.
6. How do you know if your items have been f. Is there discount for digital wallet?
delivered?
7. She has put her house up for sale. g. I’m sorry. Let me get you smaller ones.
8. What is the biggest shopping event of the h. The app will notify any changes on my items’
year? status.
9. Let’s meet at the mall and go see a movie. i. I think it’s Black Friday.
10. These pants are too big for me. j. Yes, it’s Dream Shopping 5G. The password is
the same name.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
If you have some favourite stores or online (1) _____________, you may already have their shopping
apps on your phone. Or, you might (2) _____________ an app to get a discount on your first purchase
with a business, or early access to sales. Some shopping apps do several things. They might let you
store a shopping list and will send you sale alerts, (3) _____________ codes, coupons, special
promotions, or other rewards based on how much you (4) _____________.
When you set up your profile or buy something with a shopping app for the first time, it will likely ask
you to link or store your (5) _____________ information. Some apps charge your credit or debit card
or your bank account each time you buy something. (6) _____________ apps let you store value with
the app and spend down the stored value every time you buy something. Before you install an app,
check its description or (7) _____________ agreement to see if it tells you how the payment system
works and what to do if there is a(n) (8) _____________ problem.
1. A. shoppers B. shippers C. retailers D. buyers
2. A. upload B. download C. report D. uninstall
3. A. password B. recovery C. account D. discount
4. A. buy B. make C. sell D. take
5. A. paid B. payment C. paying D. payer
6. A. Other B. Another C. Others D. One another
7. A. use B. used C. user D. usage
8. A. ordering B. shipping C. returning D. billing
Black Friday and Cyber Monday promote mindless consumption, excessive packaging and shipping
waste, especially with the rise of online shopping. The sales produce massive waste not just from the
unwanted single-use plastic and cardboard packaging, but also from the return of unwanted items.
This mindset also ensures that the earth overshoot day keeps moving back.
This is especially true of the clothing industry, where much of the online returns are tossed into the
landfill because the logistics and cost of putting the item back on the shelf
are much too complicated. Britons throw away approximately 300,000 tonnes of clothes every year
and many of them are only worn a handful of times.
The negative impact of Black Friday is also significant from non-recyclable, mostly plastic toys, to e-
waste, to fast fashion that is only used for one season. In fact, in France, the government is
considering banning Black Friday due to the impact on the planet and the promotion of unsustainable
consumption habits.
1. The passage mainly _____________.
A. explains why Black Friday sales are bad for the environment
B. describes shopping activities on Black Friday and Cyber Monday
C. criticizes the unwanted single-use plastic and cardboard packaging
D. concerns about the impact of non-recyclable products
2. The word “rise” in the first paragraph can be best replaced by _____________.
A. drop B. improvement C. increase D. fall
3. According to the second paragraph, what do people do with much of the online returns?
A. People carefully put the online returns on the shelf.
B. People resend the online returns to the logistics agent.
C. People have to pay more for the online returns.
D. People throw the online returns to the landfill.
4. The word “banning” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. encouraging B. stopping C. allowing D. forbidding
5. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A. Cardboard packaging contributes to produce massive waste.
B. Britons don’t throw away their clothes.
C. Returning online items is really complicated.
D. The French government is considering banning Black Friday.
F. WRITING
1. large purchase / They / free products / usually / a / give / if / you / you / make
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. way / always / a / to / looks for / save / Nearly every consumer / money
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We / when / don’t / bring / much cash / often / with us / going out
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Tan Blnh market / She / goes / to / frequently / to purchase / items / her shop / for
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. she /How often / go shopping / with / does / her classmates?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. never / Some people / buy / a / a / coupon or / anything without / discount
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. occasionally / fashion information / share / Many of our customers / with / their friends
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. farmers’ market, / When / visit / a / you / you / will / lots of / find / home-grown vegetables
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. Jane’s hairstyle is not as modern as Anna’s hairstyle.
 Anna’s hairstyle
2. This mall has many fashion stores.
 There
3. The flight to London lasts seven hours and a half.
 It takes
4. The tourists had to change their plan of the excursion because the weather was bad.
 Due to
5. The shoes were too expensive, so I didn’t buy them.
 I didn’t
6. It’s not a good idea to buy new clothes very often.
 You shouldn’t
7. What is the price of this type of dress in your place?
 How
8. I won’t change my phone although it is rather outdated.
 My phone is
UNIT 9.
NATURAL DISASTERS
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with “ous” or “al” and mark the stress in the words.
1. danger___ 2. person___ 3. poison___ 4. tropic___ 5. marvell___
6. season___ 7. seri___ 8. nation___ 9. mountain___ 10. natur___
11. previ___ 12. music___ 13. gener___ 14. region___ 15. vari___
16. physic___ 17. curi___ 18. cultur___ 19. practic___ 20. infam___
II. Chose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. rural B. local C. canal D. final
2. A. obvious B. humorous C. numerous D. enormous
3. A. typical B. survival C. annual D. animal
4. A. glorious B. hazardous C. disastrous D. populous
5. A. arrival B. capital C. chemical D. medical
B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the disasters with the descriptions
1. tsunami a. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface
2. earthquake b. a mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases and hot
liquid rock are forced out into the air
3. drought c. a mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain
4. typhoon d. a large amount of soil or mud sliding down a mountain
5. flood e. an extremely large wave caused by a violent movement of the earth under
the sea
6. tornado f. a strong, dangerous wind that forms itself into an upside-down spinning
cone and is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground
7. landslide g. a long period of time when there is little or no rain
8. volcanic h. a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
eruption
9. wildfire i. a very big fire that spreads quickly and burns natural areas like woods,
forests and grassland
10. avalanche j. a violent tropical storm with very strong winds
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
warning predict property damage emergency kit
rescue workers victims whistle eruption violently
1. The sound of a(n) ______________ will attract rescue personnel to your location.
2. An earthquake occurs when the land ______________ moves or shakes.
3. A volcanic ______________ is when gas and lava are released from a volcano.
4. As defined by UN, a disaster is a sudden event resulting in huge loss of life and ______________.
5. A(n) ______________ is a collection of basic items you may need in the event of an emergency.
6. The earthquake in Turkey on February 6th 2023 killed at least 41,000 people and caused immediate
______________ estimated at $33 billion.
7. Among the ______________, there were thousands of students who were killed when their
dangerously built schools collapsed.
8. Early ______________ system is an integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and
prediction.
9. Scientific and technological advances have improved the capability to ______________ most
natural hazards.
10. ______________ may include construction workers, police officers, firefighters, and emergency
medical service technicians.
1. The forest fire ______________ for twelve hours and thousands of wild animals died.
A. raged B. struck C. took D. put out
2. How can we know when an active volcano will ______________ again?
A. erupt B. destroy C. damage D. affect
3. Measured 9.5 on the Richter scale, the world’s largest ______________ occurred on May 22, 1960
in southern Chile.
A. mudslide B. avalanche C. flood D. earthquake
4. Despite modern technologies available to us, we’re still ______________ against natural disasters.
A. homeless B. harmless C. helpless D. hopeless
5. The reporter said that ten people died and thirty were ______________ injured in the flood.
A. completely B. greatly C. powerfully D. seriously
6. A ______________ that is just a few centimetres high from the sea can rear up to heights of 30 to
50 meters as it hits the shore.
A. typhoon B. tsunami C. tornado D. thunderstorm
7. Survivors of the flood were ______________ by helicopter.
A. collapsed B. buried C. shaken D. rescued
8. Many people are working to save species from extinction, animals from cruelty, natural
______________ from destruction.
A. disasters B. phenomena C. environment D. hazards
9. Most people had moved to the safe areas before the typhoon struck, so there were only a few
minor ______________.
A. loss B. injuries C. impacts D. destruction
10. Aid agencies provided drinking water and food ______________ to the isolated residents.
A. guidelines B. aid C. supplies D. emergency
1. As many as 111 people are dead or ______________ due to the hurricane. (miss)
2. Clearing trees by burning is highly ______________ of the forest environment. (destruct)
3. ______________ used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. (rescue)
4. A massive volcanic ______________ could affect the climate of the whole planet. (erupt)
5. An earthquake is a sudden motion or ______________ of the ground produced by the abrupt
displacement of rock masses. (tremble)
6. They discussed ways of increasing the chance for ______________ during and after an earthquake.
(survive)
7. Violent storms wreaked havoc on the village, leaving three people dead and dozens
______________. (injure)
8. Different parts of the world have different ______________ and environmental conditions.
(climate)
9. The Indonesian volcano is erupting ______________, and the lava flow is more than a kilometre.
(violent)
10. The depletion of the ozone layer could have ______________ consequences for life on Earth.
(disaster)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past continuous.
1. I _______________ (not listen) when you gave the presentation.
2. The young teenager _______________ (surf) when a shark attacked her.
3. Where _______________ (you, go) at 7.30 last night?
4. People appreciated what we _______________ (suffer) at that time.
5. While the workers _______________ (save) others, they also had to consider their own lives.
6. You didn’t know what _______________ (happen) with us this time last week.
7. As Jimmy _______________ (sleep) in his tent at the base camp, a loud bang woke him up.
8. What _______________ (they, do) when the fire broke out?
9. While we _______________ (help) the victims, the ground started to tremble again.
10. The children were making a snowman while it _______________ (snow) outside.
II. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the post continuous or simple post.
1. Anna called for Simpson but he _______________ (hear) nothing.
2. When we _______________ (arrive) at the forest, it _______________ (get) dark.
3. As we _______________ (clean) up the lawn, I suddenly heard a little yelp.
4. Sarah _______________ (lie) in her bed listening to music when the bell(ring).
5. She _______________ (go) to check who it was, but there _______________ (be) no one.
6. Some kids _______________ (play) in the streets making noise at that time.
7. She _______________ (close) the door behind her and _______________ (go) back to her room.
8. What _______________ (they, do) at 9pm last night? It was really noisy.
9. As they _______________ (go) down a mountain ridge, a landslide _______________ (happen).
10. The accident occurred while they _______________ (climb) up the mountain.
1. He _______________ on an airplane when he _______________ a fire from the window.
A. was sitting - saw B. was sitting - was seeing
C. was sitting - was seeing D. sat – saw
2. While the other passengers _______________ to the exits, Brian _______________ out of the
window.
A. ran - climbed B. run - was climbing
C. ran - was climbed D. were running – climbed
3. When it _______________ raining, we _______________ a nice hotel down the road to the town.
A. started - were finding B. was starting – found
C. started - found D. was starting - were finding
4. They ___________ close to the bottom of the mountain when Simpson suddenly ______________.
A. got - was slipping B. were getting – slipped
C. were getting - was slipping D. got – slipped
5. While Steven and Rachel _______________ around the Canary Islands, their boat
_______________.
A. were sailing - sank B. sailed - was sinking
C. sailed - sank D. were sailing - was sinking
6. The sun _______________ when Hamilton _______________ at the beach in Da Nang on a
beautiful morning.
A. shone - arrived B. was shining - was arriving
C. was shining - arrived D. shone - was arriving
7. While some rescue teams _______________ in Pakistan, others _______________ to a natural
disaster in Central America.
A. were helping - responded B. helped – responded
C. helped - were responding D. were helping - were responding
8. When we __________ out in the morning, we _________ surprised by what we ____________.
A. finally came - are - see B. were finally coming - were – saw
C. finally came - were - saw D. finally come - were - were seeing
9. It _______________ and windy when the ship, carrying about 200 passengers, _______________ a
rock.
A. was snowing - was hitting B. was snowing – hit
C. snowed - was hitting D. snowed – hit
10. The sirens of the emergency services _______________ while people _______________ up the
mess in their gardens.
A. were wailing - were clearing B. wailed – cleared
C. were wailing - cleared D. wailed - were clearing
1. As the flight was taking off, passengers were seeing a fire from the window.
A. As B. was taking off C. were seeing D. from
2. The plane's captain realized that one of the two engines weren't working.
A. The place’s B. realized C. the two D. weren’t
3. While passengers were running towards the front exits. Maria chose the exit next the wing.
A. While B. were running C. chose D. next
4. Because the weather was getting worse, so the two climbers didn't stay long in the mountain.
A. was getting B. so C. didn’t stay D. in
5. John fell and break his knee while he was climbing down the mountain with his friend.
A. fell and break B. while C. was climbing D. with
6. Eric shouted up to John, but the wind was blown loudly and John couldn't hear him.
A. shouted B. but C. was blown D. couldn’t hear
7. The rope were too heavy and it was pulling him down the mountain towards the cliff.
A. were B. heavy C. was pulling D. towards
8. When Eric realized John wasn’t coming, he decided to take a risk and searching for him.
A. When B. wasn’t coming C. decided D. searching
9. William was climbing a mountain alone while the storm began to strike.
A. was climbing B. a C. while D. began to trike
10. Those who were not caught by the wave was running uphill to save themselves.
A. Those B. were not caught C. was D. themselves
D. SPEAKING
I. Put the expressions into the correct columns.
That’s awful! Good news! Oh no!
Sounds exciting! I’m sorry to hear that. Lucky you!
That’s great! How terrible! What a pity!
How fantastic! That’s a relief. That’s shocking!
What a shame! How wonderful! That’s awesome!
Negative Positive

___ It lasted for about an hour, and we had to stay in our storm shelter until it’s gone.
___ Yes, I have. A tornado struck my town when I was eleven.
___ I was staying with my parents, so I didn’t know how and where others were. I think they had
already been in safe places because there was no human loss.
_1_ Tracy! Have you ever been in a storm?
___ Yes, it was.
___ Oh, really? Were you frightened then?
___ That’s awful! How was everybody?
___ That’s a relief. How long did the storm last?
___ Yes, of course. It was very frightening when hearing the sound of the winds. Houses and trees
collapsed. Leaves, objects and debris were blown up in the sky.
___ It was a hard time in your life, wasn’t it?
E. READING
I. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
occur nature technology rain or living disasters volcanic
NATURE IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE
We human beings are a part of nature, and our quality of life depends on all the (1) _______________
things that share this planet with US. We must take care of nature, because our well-being depends
on it.
(2) _______________ is always moving and changing. This happens in different ways, for instance
through natural phenomena that (3) _______________ quite regularly, such as rain, winds, earth
tremors or the natural processes of soil erosion.
Earthquakes, floods, fires, (4) _______________ eruptions, tropical storms, tornadoes, electric
storms, landslides, droughts, plagues and other phenomena such as “El Nino" and “La Nina” are a part
of nature, just like the sun and the (5) _______________.
These natural phenomena affect almost the entire Earth. In olden times, people used to come with
legends to explain these phenomena. They would say that the volcano was angry, (6)
_______________ that the gods were demanding a sacrifice. Today, science, (7) _______________
and history help us to understand these events instead of merely fearing them.
However, such phenomena still turn into (8) _______________, affecting lots of people in every
corner of our planet where a culture of prevention has not yet taken root.
II. Read the passage and do the tasks.
A tropical cyclone is a circular air movement over the warm ocean waters in the warm part of Earth
near the equator. Most tropical cyclones are storms with strong winds and heavy rains. While some
tropical cyclones stay out in the sea, others pass over land. This can be dangerous because the winds
and floods can break things and drown people.
Tropical cyclones form when warm, moist ocean air rises. They begin as a group of storm winds when
the water gets as hot as 27°c or hotter. The Coriolis effect made by the Earth’s rotation causes the
winds to rotate. These storms usually move westward in the tropics, and later move north or south
into the temperate zone.
The term “tropical cyclone” is a general term and includes regionally specific terms such as
“hurricane” and “typhoon”. A tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic is called a hurricane. The
same is true of those that form in the eastern, central and northern Pacific. In the western Pacific a
tropical cyclone is called a typhoon. In the Indian Ocean they are called “cyclones”. The name for a
tropical cyclone depends on its location.
A. Match the words or phrases with their definitions.
1. equator a. to make something begin to exist
2. temperate zone b. an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and
South Poles
3. drown c. an area of the earth that is not near the equator or the South or North Pole
4. form d. the hottest part of the world which is around the equator
5. rotation e. movement in a circle around a fixed point
6. the tropics f. to cause to die by being unable to breathe underwater
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-
B. Answer the questions.
1. Is there any tropical cyclone that begins and ends in the sea?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Is it possible for a tropical cyclone to begin at the temperature of 26°C?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What makes the winds rotate?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Can we say both hurricane and typhoon are tropical cyclones?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Where is a tropical cyclone called “hurricane”?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Where is a tropical cyclone called “typhoon”?
__________________________________________________________________________________
F. WRITING
1. us / practical tips / This article / treating poisonous wastes / about / gave
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Were / started / your apartment / you / watching TV / the building / in / when / trembling?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The devastating tsunami / destruction / to / near the sea / brought / cities and towns
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. when / He / a / was / flowers / in / bright mysterious light / his garden / he / watering / saw
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. among / Hurricanes and tropical storms / most / powerful natural disasters / are / the
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. typhoons and hurricanes / tropical cyclones / Both I are / in / but differ / their locations
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. raise / It’s / to / before / awareness about natural disasters / they / important / happen
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. are / there / On average, / the world / about 6,800 natural disasters / every year / in
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. No one took care of the pets while we were in the eye of the storm.
 No one looked
2. The forest fire was so big that its smoke could be seen from space.
 It was such
3. It’s a good idea to read guidelines for evacuation carefully.
 You should
4. If James doesn’t bring a compass, he will get lost in the jungle.
 Unless James
5. How long is it since you last saw a storm?
 When
6. It was raining heavily but Kathy still decided to go to school.
 Although it
7. No other tsunami in the 20th century was as high as Lituya Bay megatsunami.
 Lituya Bay megatsunami was
8. Due to the heavy rains on the hills, water in the lake started to rise.
 As it
REVIEW 3
1. A. tsunami B. storm C. castle D. pollutant
2. A. poison B. disaster C. disease D. consider
3. A. land B. permanent C. natural D. contaminate
4. A. legend B. damage C. victim D. severe
5. A. flooded B. happened C. rescued D. changed
1. A. atmosphere B. endanger C. powerful D. temperature
2. A. eruption B. equipment C. tornado D. industry
3. A. environmental B. participation C. communicative D. contamination
4. A. protect B. local C. global D. carbon
5. A. natural B. dangerous C. cathedral D. poisonous
1. ______________ often complain about poor quality and high prices. (shop)
2. Pollution in rivers caused the ______________ of about ten million fish or half of the total. (die)
3. A cloud of ______________ ash was spreading across wide areas of the Philippines. (volcano)
4. Many families continue to live in their ______________ houses or temporary shelters. (damage)
5. ______________ such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide are linked to childhood cancer.
(pollute)
6. Major cities around the world are facing with ______________ gases from vehicles and factories.
(poison)
7. Homemade cakes are the ______________ of this village. (special)
8. Their shop is ______________ located within the town centre. (convenience)
9. Wild animals lost their habitats due to large-scale environmental ______________. (destruct)
10. Earthquakes are one of the most ______________ and damaging disasters. (predict)
1. A(n) ______________ price is a non-negotiable sum charged for a product, service or piece of work.
A. bargaining B. fixed C. discount D. expensive
2. They reduced street advertisements to free the city from ______________ pollution.
A. visual B. view C. viewer D. vision
3. The melting of the earth’s ice masses has increased due to the ______________ of fossil fuels.
A. reducing B. cutting C. rising D. burning
4. A(n) ______________ is a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118 to 184 kph.
A. earthquake B. typhoon C. landslide D. tsunami
5. A ______________ store is usually open in a convenient location that is close to customers.
A. home-grown B. convenience C. homemade D. convenient
6. ______________ pollution caused by smoke and dust impacts the environment and public health.
A. Noise B. Soil C. Air D. Water
7. Our shop has a wide ______________ of tools, gardening and home improvement products.
A. type B. rank C. kind D. range
8. Your ______________ should include items for your essential needs in the event of an emergency
or natural disaster.
A. emergency kit B. shopping cart C. recycle bin D. practical tips
9. Hundreds of buildings were destroyed when the earthquake ______________ the city.
A. buried B. shook C. scattered D. collapsed
10. Open-air markets, commonly known as ______________ markets, are the traditional
marketplaces in the rural areas.
A. outdoor B. online C. 24/7 D. offline
1. To prepare for natural disasters, we should learn ______ the risks in our area.
2. The chemical waste of the factory was dumped ______ the river.
3. An ecosystem may be a whole forest or a small pond, and it can be ______ any size.
4. There are certain things I will never buy ______ full price.
5. Julia went straight ______ the gym after she left home last Friday evening.
6. Water pollution is the contamination of bodies of water, usually ______ human activities.
7. Temporary shelter will be provided ______ homeless people.
8. You will never find out what happened ______ this shopping app.
9. Customers can try ______ clothes and shoes in any supermarket.
10. A seven-year-old boy was rescued ______ a forest fire by his pet dog.
1. If the weather ______________ (not, affect) either performers or audience, the show will go on.
2. When Mayon volcano in the Philippines ______________ (erupt) in 1814, it killed more than 1,000
people.
3. The first Philippine flight of the day ______________ (leave) at 03:00 pm from Manila to Toronto.
4. While he ______________ (work) on the field, the tornado hit the area.
5. WHO reports that in 2012 around 7 million people ______________ (die) as a result of air pollution.
6. Ms. Susan, I promise I ______________ (meet) all the deadlines.
7. We frequently ______________ (purchase) items with the conviction that we need them.
8. My sister, Ana, was travelling in Miami when the hurricane ______________ (strike) the city.
9. ______________ (you, travel) on the road near the mountain when the landslide happened?
10. I think you need to put on a coat now because the wind ______________ (blow) hard.
1. We _________ lunch in a restaurant in Japan when the whole building _________ to shake.
A. had - started B. were having – started
C. were having - was starting D. had - was starting
2. You _________ a sale when you _________ for luxury goods online.
A. can always get - shop B. always can get – shopped
C. can get always - shop D. can always get – will shop
3. I _________ on clothes or shoes before buying to see if they _________ me.
A. am usually trying - are fitting B. try usually – fit
C. usually try - were fitting D. usually try – fit
4. He _________ to start earning a living even while he _________ with his loss.
A. was urgently needing - was dealing B. urgently needed – dealt
C. needed urgently - dealt D. urgently needed - was dealing
5. She _________ the lesson when suddenly she _________ a noise and things to shake.
A. was revising - heard – started B. revised - was hearing - was starting
C. revised - heard - started D. revised - was hearing – started
6. Thousands of people _________ shelter, food and water after a storm _________ the villages.
A. were needing - was striking B. need - was striking
C. need - struck D. needed – strikes
7. Earthquakes _________ every day in the world, but they _________ only a small percentage of
natural disasters.
A. happened - made up B. are happening - are making up
C. happen - make up D. are happening - make up
8. The army _________ building this road as soon as they _________ over the region in 2022.
A. were beginning - took B. began – took
C. were beginning - were taking D. began - were taking
9. When I _________ making face masks, I _________ them to my brother’s kiosk so that he
_________ them.
A. have finished - bring - could sell B. finish - will bring – can sell
C. will finish - would bring - can sell D. finished - will bring - will sell
10. Mr. Ferdinand _________ a tornado coming towards him while he _________ on a highway.
A. saw - drove B. was seeing – drove
C. was seeing - was driving D. saw - was driving
VIII. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Mrs. Parker writes many articles on the environment while she was still a student.
A. writes B. on C. while D. was
2. Parents shouldn’t keep children and pets away until they complete the clean-up.
A. shouldn’t keep B. away C. complete D. clean-up
3. We will let you know as soon as we will secure funding to continue this research.
A. will let B. know C. will secure D. to continue
4. Finding a product on the Internet is easier much than running through your local store.
A. Finding B. easier much C. running D. local store
5. When greenhouse gases build in the atmosphere, it acts like a blanket around the earth.
A. When B. build C. it D. like
6. I didn’t check Facebook at 7pm yesterday, but I was watching the news about the flood.
A. didn’t check B. at C. was watching D. about
7. Jack and Jane were still discussing the trends of fashion when I get back to their room.
A. were still discussing B. of C. when D. get
8. Whether you’re worried on a pandemic or a natural disaster, it’s always good to be prepared.
A. Whether B. on C. or D. to be prepared
9. A growing number of cars and heavy industry causes the low quality of air in the cities.
A. growing B. heavy C. causes D. low quality of air
10. Individual vendors bring their home-grow fruits and vegetables to open-air markets every day.
A. Individual B. bring C. home grow D. to
IX. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
Is it true that pollution causes deathly diseases?
There must be some solutions to this.
But it's unusual when people have cancers at young age.
Moreover, the area will also be polluted someday if you don't protect it.
I've read about that kind of news for many times.
I really hope so.
Then we all will have healthy life.
Pollution can even lead to other dangerous things such as global warming and natural
disasters.
Brenda: Look at this headline, Steven! “Childhood cancer due to polluted living environment”
Steven: (1) __________________________ It’s not strange to me now.
Brenda: Really? (2) __________________________
Steven: Humans have polluted the environment for a long time, so they suffer the
consequence.
Brenda: (3) __________________________
Steven: Well, there have been lots of researches proving that polluted air and contaminated
food chain are linked to several diseases including lung cancers, cancers of the
digestive organs, and heart attacks. (4) __________________________
Brenda: Oh, I’ve read some articles about the relation between climate change and some
natural disasters. It’s real and considerable. (5) __________________________
Steven: We can choose to live in unpolluted areas, or we should help together to reduce the
pollution. (6) __________________________
Brenda: Living in an unpolluted area? It seems ideal, but most of the unpolluted areas are
located in remote regions. (7) __________________________ So the better solution is
the second one - reducing pollution to protect the environment.
Steven: Yes. I think everybody knows it. I believe dangerous things like cancers or disasters will
decrease when the world become greener.
Brenda: (8) __________________________
X. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
burning controlled negative deaths factories pollutants matter emit
Air pollution is the addition of gases, chemicals, and particle (1) ______________ into the
atmosphere. Air pollution primarily comes from burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, petroleum,
and coal. A study has listed air pollution as the cause of four percent of the (2) ______________ in the
United States.
Humans are the main cause of air pollution. Industry, including (3) ______________ and power
plants, burns large quantities of fuel. (4) ______________ coal and petroleum releases sulfur oxides
and nitrogen oxide into the air. Airplanes, boats, and cars burn petroleum, releasing carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide. The waste in landfills releases methane. Sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and
carbon dioxide, and methane all have a very (5) ____________ effect on air quality. These (6)
____________ can also contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Some air pollution is not directly caused by humans: for example, animals (7) ______________ carbon
dioxide when they breathe, and volcanoes release sulfur oxide. However, most air pollution is linked
directly or indirectly to human activity. This means that air pollution can be best (8) ______________
by modifying human activity to burn a smaller quantity of fossil fuels.
XI. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Natural phenomena can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if preventive measures have
not been taken or if some human activities have harmed the natural environment or upset the
balance of the ecosystem.
For instance, too much water that the soil is unable to absorb can cause floods, while too little water
in some regions can lead to drought. But people can make the situation worse, for example when
trees are chopped down and no new ones are planted. This makes the soil very dry and dusty, which
can lead to erosion. When the rains come, there are not enough roots and vegetation to bind the soil
together, and a landslide can occur.
Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by people. Farmers, for example, sometimes burn their
fields to get rid of weeds before planting, and the fire can get out of control. Sometimes people are
careless with cigarettes or forget to put out bonfires when they go camping. A little spark is
sometimes all it takes to start a fire.
If we destroy parts of nature such as coral reefs, forests, or fragile mountain plants, we are destroying
the natural barriers that protect us from tsunamis, drought, landslides, floods and other hazards.
1. _____ Natural phenomena strike very hard because people have no preventive measures.
2. _____ Either too much water or too little water can lead to disasters.
3. _____ The number of trees in the region doesn’t worsen the natural disasters.
4. _____ Chopping down trees without planting new ones can result in erosion.
5. _____ The soil that has roots and vegetation can lead to a landslide when rains come.
6. _____ Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by burning fields.
7. _____ A wildfire can be caused by a cigarette, a bonfire, or even a little spark.
8. _____ Coral reefs, forests, or fragile mountain plants can protect us from tsunamis, drought,
landslides, floods and other hazards.
XII. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. I’m / with / today, / my project / we’ll / on / so / Wednesday / go shopping / too busy
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. has passed, / After the storm / the residents / their debris / prepare / for collection
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. the atmosphere / People / tools / carbon / before it / need / hits / to capture and store
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. came suddenly / While / were / the students / near the river, / the flood / camping
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. before / Solar energy / some drawbacks / it / main energy source / becomes / a / still has
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. atmospheric temperatures / When / will increase / rise, / water vapour concentrations
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. in agriculture / fertilizers and pesticides / affects / the whole food chain / The overuse of
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. I’m / to / a complaint about / make / from you / the handbag I ordered / last week / calling
__________________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. Everyone ran right after the tsunami siren went off.
 As soon as
2. They predict the hurricane won’t hit the city, but the residents still get prepared for the worst.
 Although
3. The guidelines for evacuation will be useless if people don’t read and follow them.
 Unless people
4. Angelina is too young to go to a party for adults.
 Angelina isn’t
5. It was such a strong tsunami that thousands of people were killed.
 The tsunami was so
6. The firemen spent three days putting out the forest fire.
 It took
7. Let’s go to a shopping mall instead of surfing the online stores.
 Why don’t
8. I have to prepare meals on my own, so I often buy groceries.
 Since
UNIT 10.
COMMUNICATION
IN THE FUTURE
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with ese or ee to complete the sentences.
1. The Malt___ lira is the currency of Malta.
2. Attending such meetings as an invit___ is a waste of time.
3. Solar power could rapidly improve the daily lives of the Senegal___.
4. This message is intended solely for the named address___.
5. A good advisor asks good questions to know the goals of the ad vis___.
6. They appointed a trust___ to take control of the company.
7. We would like to study this scheme further with the Sudan___ government.
8. Sunday is the most important day in a week for the Congol___.
9. His brother lived with him and was his principal legat___.
10. What questions will an interviewer usually ask an interview___?
II. Mark the stress in the words.
1. Bhutanese 2. agree 3. degree 4. Vietnamese 5. trainee
6. Chinese 7. guarantee 8. Portuguese 9. referee 10. awardee
11. Japanese 12. Nepalese 13. devotee 14. disagree 15. absentee
16. refugee 17. Taiwanese 18. adoptee 19. Lebanese 20. attendee
B. VOCABULARY
video conference tablets emojis webcam internet connection
telepathy machine translation face-to-face social media holography
1. I have a laptop and it comes with an 8-megapixel ______________ and microphone built-in.
2. I can quickly and easily translate my content using a ______________ tool.
3. With ______________, people communicate entirely in the mind without saying anything.
4. When a(n) ______________ is held for informal purposes, it is called a video call or video chat.
5. Is your ______________ strong enough for you to be able to attend online classes?
6. Most ______________ are smaller and lighter than laptop computers, making them easy to
manage and carry around.
7. Today, ______________ and emoticons are used to convey tone and other emotions through
texting, online chat, and social media apps.
8. Facebook is the biggest ______________ site, with some billion people using it every month.
9. ______________ learning methods usually only involve traditional learning materials such as
textbooks and lecture notes.
10. ______________ is the science and technology of making a three-dimensional image of an object
using the special light from a laser.
1. Today, there are a few ways to read (voice / text) messages without the phone.
2. The days of sending a hand-written (email / letter) with a stamp affixed to it are gone.
3. If you want to make a (group / private) call with this app, you need to invite at least three
participants.
4. People are relying on the Internet to get news rather than buying traditional (social network /
printed newspaper).
5. His (smartphone / telephone) is equipped with a 200MP camera that can capture videos in 8K
resolution.
6. Does your phone camera (zoom / hold) in when you switch from photo to video mode?
7. YouTube Shorts will be available and watched on smart (television / radio) models, game consoles,
and streaming devices.
8. With training, (pigeons / holography) can carry up to 75g on their backs, and they have been used
for communication for a long time in China.
9. An alternative to a regular keyboard, a (real / virtual) keyboard is a software-based keyboard used
with touch screen devices.
10. A (video conference / face-to-face meeting) gives you real activities such as entering the room,
shaking hands, etc. that electronic communication can’t provide.
1. My grandpa still have a __________ with a curly cord, letters and numbers on physical dial ring.
A. smartphone B. tablet C. webcam D. telephone
2. When I make a __________ to my mother with my smartphone, I can see her on the phone screen.
A. text message B. phone call C. video call D. voice call
3. At the current time, humans do not have the __________ capacity to communicate by thought.
A. telepathy B. holography C. telephone D. face-to-face
4. While machine translation has improved significantly, it still can’t match the accuracy of a(n)
__________ translator.
A. human B. computer C. robot D. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
5. Kazuha’s parents are Japanese, so her __________ is Japanese.
A. second language B. mother tongue C. foreign language D. multimedia
6. Students can call or __________ the school for information about the academic year.
A. blog B. post C. email D. code
7. A(n) __________ is one where all the participants are physically in the same place.
A. video conference B. online discussion
C. social media D. face-to-face meeting
8. __________ is small digital image or icon used to express an idea, emotion, etc.
A. Voice B. Text C. Word D. Emoji
9. The school has a variety of internal __________ such as message boards, blogs and newsletters.
A. social network B. communication channels
C. modern devices D. technologies
10. A __________ refers to an obstacle in communications between different languages or dialects.
A. language barrier B. body language
C. communication failure D. cultural difference
1. Social media is an important means of __________ in many countries nowadays. (communicate)
2. My friend sent me all the __________ in her address book by mistake. (contact)
3. This application’s features include video __________ and live streaming that’s secure and easy to
use. (conference)
4. Students should learn to engage with others in an international school even if they experience
cultural __________. (differ)
5. Today, the Internet __________ people from all over the world. (connection)
6. Information technologies have been applied to produce __________ educational programs.
(interact)
7. When communicating, a __________ transmits information through a communication channel to a
receiver. (send)
8. __________ advances in computing and telecommunications make our life more convenient.
(technology)
9. The secretary said that she would email the report to her director as an __________. (attach)
10. They had contacted by __________ each other for six months before they actually met. (email)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Fill in the blanks with mine, yours, his, hers, ours, or theirs.
1. We paid for this computer together, so it’s __________.
2. She bought that laptop from me. It’s not __________ anymore.
3. The kids didn’t break that window. The fault wasn’t __________.
4. That man is annoying everyone! Both him and that girlfriend of __________.
5. My mother accidentally took my father’s seat, so he took __________.
6. You can’t just take my tablet whenever you want to. It’s __________!
7. These aren’t Minh and Kim’s siblings. __________have black hair.
8. My brother found his clothes but my sister couldn’t find __________.
9. We love to collect coins whenever we travel abroad. It’s a hobby of __________.
10. You can use Skype or you can install another app. The choice is __________.
II. Rewrite the sentences. Use possessive pronouns.
Ex: That bike belongs to me.  That bike is mine.
1. That dictionary belongs to them.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. That pencil belongs to me.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. This computer belongs to us.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. This mail account belongs to him.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. This room belongs to me and my brother.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. That car belongs to that man.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. These bags belong to those women.
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. This gift belongs to you.
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. This phone belongs to my aunt.
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. This app belongs to those companies.
___________________________________________________________________________________
III. Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks.
1. That’s _________ (our/ ours) phone line, not theirs.
2. A friend of _________ (our/ ours) is calling.
3. A friend of _________ (her/ hers) mother’s called.
4. That’s not _________ (my/ mine) book. It’s your student’s.
5. I don’t like _________ (their/ theirs) way of greeting.
6. Mr. Dawson is _________ (our/ ours) family doctor.
7. Is Michael one of _________ (your/ yours) new friends?
8. That’s not my fault. It’s _________ (yours/ your).
9. Your laptop is new, while _________ (my/ mine) is old.
10. Does my computer run more slowly than _________ (their/ theirs)?
IV. Choose the correct preposition of place to complete the sentences.
1. Look at the picture (above/ on) the wall.
2. Who is your sister (at/ in) this picture?
3. She waited (at/ by) the corner of the street.
4. The book is (beside/ in) the lamp on the desk.
5. The fish are swimming (between/ under) the water.
6. Your little cat is sleeping (on/ in) the basket.
7. The flight (between/ from) Ha Noi to Da Nang was delayed.
8. They were sitting (by/ on) the fire and and singing.
9. The restaurant is (over/ between) a school and a bank.
10. Da Lat is located 1,500 meters (above/ at) sea level.
V. Choose the correct preposition of time to complete the sentences.
1. They had a big party (on/ in) their anniversary.
2. It rained cats and dogs (since/ for) two hours last night.
3. Wait here. I’ll be back (at/ in) ten minutes.
4. He should return (on/ by) the end of July.
5. We always go to church (on/ at) Christmas.
6. Did they invent the Internet (in/ for) the 1960s?
7. I’m calling to confirm the meeting (by/ on) May 15.
8. We were waiting for you (for/ at) an hour.
9. They don’t talk to each other (in/ during) meals.
10. I can complete the report (by/ on) 4 pm. At 4 pm it will be finished.
VI. Fill in the blanks with at, in or on.
1. It’s inconvenient to call someone _________ midnight.
2. Was the Internet developed _________ the 1970s?
3. The conference starts _________ 8:30 tomorrow morning.
4. Do people really need more sleep _________ winter?
5. I think saying goodnight _________ the early morning is weird.
6. Why do I have to send cards _________ Christmas?
7. It’s a tradition to sing Auld Lang Syne _________ New Year’s Eve.
8. _________ the first day of class, the students usually feel excited.
9. May you enjoy the company of your family _________ Thanksgiving.
10. Girls are more likely to check their social media _________ night.
1. I left a message _________ your answering machine.
A. in B. on C. above D. at
2. The post office is _________ the bus stop.
A. under B. in C. opposite D. Between
3. The second floor is _________ the third floor.
A. at B. in C. on D. under
4. This corrective lens causes big eyes _________ your glasses.
A. behind B. in front of C. between D. under
5. On her arrival _________ the airport, she called me.
A. on B. opposite C. next to D. at
6. One of the differences _________ smartphones and tablets is their size.
A. in B. between C. on D. behind
7. There is an interesting programme _________ television tonight.
A. in B. next to C. on D. at
8. I’ll meet you _________ the supermarket _________ the fountain.
A. at - next to B. at – between C. behind – on D. in front of – in
9. Their family photographs are displayed _________ the wall.
A. above B. under C. in D. on
10. She arrived _________ London _________ March 2023.
A. at – on B. in – in C. at – at D. on – in
1. She came to me to complain about her brother, but it’s not a problem of me.
A. She B. me C. her brother D. a problem of me
2. You research on future communication is good, but I like hers a lot more.
A. You research B. is C. hers D. more
3. I think that my knowledge of information technology is deeper than him.
A. my B. of C. deeper D. him
4. It’s noisy because there is a group of a dozen people on the table next to ours.
A. noisy B. is C. on D. next to
5. I’ve seen Alexandre using that new tablet several times, but I don’t think it’s him.
A. I’ve seen B. using C. but D. him
6. Is the issue your audience and you are discussing worth your time and their?
A. Is B. your audience and you C. discussing D. their
7. In 2000, Adam posted the first vlog video in his blog for his friends to view.
A. In B. posted C. in D. for his
8. My sister worked as a waitress since six months to save money for her medical study.
A. as B. since C. to D. her
9. Tablets are widely used as a portable device while a laptop usually requires their own bag.
A. are widely used B. while C. usually requires D. their own
10. Social media platforms allow people to create a friend list of people who can see you updates.
A. Social media B. allow C. a friend list of people D. you
D. SPEAKING
1. He sent me a bouquet of flowers to say a. Yes, they agreed and promised to come.
sorry.
2. Could you help me to fix the connection b. No, I can’t. How about you?
error?
3. I don’t know why my phone didn’t receive c. Let’s me try another call.
your call.
4. What happened? I couldn’t call you last d. Yes, three-dimensional images and videos look
night. so real and attractive.
5. I think holography will come true someday. e. Yes. Wait a moment!
6. Have you ever heard of telepathy? f. So did you forgive him?
7. Did they accept your invitation? g. I couldn’t call you either.
8. I like watching 3D films. They are amazing! h. Now they are rarely used.
9. Can you communicate by codes? i. Yes, I have. It’s a means of future
communication.
10. People can only send snail mails in the j. But what is holography?
past.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
___ Do you mean we should keep US away from the Internet and social media?
___ You’re right. Being addicted to these kinds of things is not good at all.
___ Hold on. The Internet and social media also have negative side and we are easy to be affected
by the incorrect information. Do you think so?
___ Yes, I do. It’s hard to know what is right or wrong on the Internet. We must protect ourselves
from false information.
_1_ Look at those people! They are all holding a phone.
___ But they should talk instead of looking at the phone screen.
___ Oh, that’s not strange. I see it every day. Some people sit together in a coffee shop doing
nothing but using a smartphone.
___ No, I don’t. I mean we need to use them wisely. We should ask for help and direction if we’re
not sure about something. And we mustn’t be addicted to the virtual life.
___ Well, they are actually communicating with each other via social media applications. The
Internet provides a huge source of information in all aspects of life. The Internet and social
media not only allow...
E. READING
I. Read the passage and answer the questions.
Imagine living in a world in which verbal communication is no longer required, a society in which
telepathy is the norm, where people would be able to “speak” to each other using only their
thoughts.
Scientists have long been contemplating the possibilities of brain-to-brain communication in humans,
and it appears as though their dreams could become a reality within the next year or so. Such a
system would be made possible via major advances in the technology that have been achieved via
recent trials involving animals.
Recently, the research has focused on humans. In one study, researchers placed two people in
separate rooms and gave them the task of playing a game of 20 questions on a computer using only
their minds. They transmitted “yes” or “no” answers with the help of an EEG cap, which tracked the
brain activity of one person and triggered an electrical current in the other person’s brain.
One day, we could attempt to take it up another level in order to detect individual thought processes.
These thoughts could be transmitted to another person, influencing the decisions they make.
1. Do people use verbal communication at the current time?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What would people be able to do with telepathy?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What subject did scientists experiment brain-to-brain communication on first?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What did two people in separate rooms do in the study?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. What does an EEG cap help people to do?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Have you ever wondered (1) ____________ the first humans communicated? Scientists do not know
exactly when the first language was developed, (2) ____________ they do know that humans have
always had the ability to communicate.
The first written types of communication were drawings, recorded on animal skins, cave walls, pottery
or wood. These (3) ____________ recorded details about daily life, such as hunting, religion and food.
The earliest known cave paintings are (4) ____________ 40,000 years ago. Even before that, though,
people used jewellery, paint colours or beads to express meaning.
The first written communication was in the (5) ____________ of marks and symbols - recorded more
than 9,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians used symbols called hieroglyphs over 5,200 years ago. They
(6) ____________ their writing on stone or metal tablets, or papyrus, which is a paper made from
plant fibres. The written Chinese language contains over 80,000 different symbols, although most
people use about 5,000.
Today, there are over 6,000 languages (7) ____________ in the world. In Papua New Guinea alone, (8)
____________ 800 languages are spoken.
1. A. how B. why C. who D. where
2. A. so B. although C. and D. but
3. A. drawings B. types C. skins D. walls
4. A. to B. from C. in D. at
5. A. form B. means C. record D. method
6. A. saved B. memorized C. recorded D. remembered
7. A. told B. spoken C. said D. talked
8. A. for B. on C. over D. above
F. WRITING
1. their feelings / to express / add / to / emojis / their messages / Lots of people
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. like / social networks / to meet / on / than face to face / rather / Some teenagers
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. will / Do / a lot / you / in / change / smartphones / think that / the near future?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. being there in person / You / attend / with your 3D image / a meeting / instead of / can
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. people communicate / will / By 2050,/ the way / with each other / be / from now / different
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. a long time / Many people / while others / take / to respond / reply to / messages instantly
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. be able to / Smartphones / will / their battery automatically / are / charge / at home / when we
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. learning English / Can / overcome / help / you / when / the language barrier / living abroad?
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. Why don’t we learn some basic sign language now?
 Let’s
2. She’s willing to work late to complete the task.
 She doesn’t mind
3. It’s necessary for him to book an appointment with the dentist.
 He needs
4. Could I have your name and your phone number please?
 I’d like
5. If you use this word too often, your text will become repetitive.
 Don’t use
6. Jack didn’t tell Jane his feelings because he was too shy.
 Jack was
7. Buying some flowers to congratulate her is a good idea.
 We should
8. Would you like to join in this online learning group?
 Are you interested
UNIT 11.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
A. PHONETICS
I. Underline the stressed words in the sentences.
1. Those people don’t live here.
2. They’re discussing important matters.
3. He invented the telephone.
4. Science has always fascinated me.
5. We are living in the age of technology.
6. We are not satisfied with the results.
7. They are not good at programming.
8. She doesn’t have a webcam.
II. Underline the stressed words in the sentences.
1. Did the students have lunch at home?
2. Do you meet her every day? - Yes, I do.
3. How could we fix this critical bug?
4. Do you like the new computer?
5. When did you buy that smartphone?
6. Who do you study with on Thursday?
7. Does he usually borrow your tablet?
8. Will you answer all the questions? - Yes, I will.
B. VOCABULARY
eye tracking application attendance biometrics experiments
scanners printers robot teacher contact lenses fingerprints
1. You can uninstall a(n) _____________ you have installed on your phone at any time.
2. Using fingerprints to authenticate the user to their own phone is just one use of _____________.
3. _____________ are thin discs of plastic or glass that sit directly on your eye to correct vision.
4. Some fingerprint _____________ cannot read your finger if they are wet or dirty.
5. In these modern times, advances in science are leading to fewer tests and _____________ on
animals.
6. Each person’s _____________ are unique, which is why they have long been used as a way to
identify individuals.
7. Laser _____________ are durable and can print large quantities of monochrome and coloured
documents frequently.
8. _____________ is a sensor technology that can detect a person’s presence and follow what they
are looking at in real-time.
9. With a smartphone, a teacher can easily check _____________ without bringing paper and laptops
to the classroom.
10. Will we still need a human teacher if a _____________ is in use in a classroom?
II. Match the words or phrases with their definition.
1. face recognition a. a small meeting room or a part of an online
meeting
where a small group of participants can do a specific
activity
2. nanolearning b. make something happen or exist
3. digital communication c. gradually grow or become bigger, more advanced,
stronger, etc.
4. invent d. small learning experiences that can be completed
in a short amount of time compared to traditional
educational experiences
5. create e. the electronic exchange of information
6. computer screen f. produce or design something that has not existed
before
7. breakout room g. technology that allows a computer to identify a
person by their face
8. discover h. a system that enables people in different places to
communicate and see each other using video screens
9. develop i. the working area on the monitor of a computer
10. video conferencing j. find information, a place, or an object, especially
for
the first time
1. She has spent the last four years studying for a degree in science and _____________.
A. technique B. technology C. technicality D. technologist
2. Fingerprint _____________ sometimes need more time than usual to read your fingerprints.
A. screens B. computers C. scanners D. printers
3. The _____________ took out her tooth and asked her to come back again for further treatment.
A. chemist B. dentist C. doctor D. physicist
4. With face _____________, you can now unlock your phone by just looking at it!
A. recognition B. connection C. communication D. conference
5. The object of their expedition was to _____________ the source of the River Nile.
A. produce B. invent C. discover D. develop
6. Automatic fingerprint _____________ system can be used to provide information of whether the
student _____________ a lecture.
A. attendance - attended B. attendant – attends
C. attending - attended D. attendance – attending
7. _____________ products are chemical compounds or substances produced by living organism.
A. Artificial B. Natural C. Homemade D. Manmade
8. Nowadays, the most common _____________ include fingerprint scanning, facial recognition, voice
recognition, and iris scanning.
A. devices B. medicines
C. chemical elements D. biometrics
9. _____________ typically refers to content that can be consumed in seconds or minutes, such as a
short video or interactive animation.
A. Experience B. Experiment C. Remote learning D. Nanolearning
10. They sent some technical _____________ to maintain the air conditioner system in the building.
A. designers B. producers C. engineers D. developers
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. They have trained a number of young _____________ for their factory. (technique)
2. Recent advances in _____________ science mean that this illness can now be cured. (medicine)
3. If you want to _____________ coloured images, your printer will typically use colour ink. (printer)
4. Scientists are still working on _____________ new methods of reaching outer space. (invent)
5. The teacher read out the result of our _____________ examination yesterday morning. (chemist)
6. These devices require users to use _____________, letters, and special characters in their PIN.
(digital)
7. Scientific _____________ such as relativity and quantum physics radically changed the worldview
of scientists. (discover)
8. With the advancement of technology, _____________ application in everyday life is no longer
futuristic. (robot)
9. The doctor stressed that his new kind of treatment is still _____________. (experiment)
10. A lot of vehicles now can _____________ the owner and open doors automatically. (recognition)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Complete the second sentences using the correct verb forms.
1. I said to her, “I can solve the sum.”
I said to her that I the sum.
2. He told me, “I study computing in college.”
He told me he computing in college.
3. She said to him, “You’re my hero.”
She said to him that he her hero.
4. I told her, “I have no time for this.”
I told her that I no time for that.
5. She said to her brother, “I won’t do this work.”
She told her brother that she that work.
6. My teacher always says, “Practice makes perfect.”
My teacher always says that practice perfect.
7. She told people, “I’m applying to Harvard.”
She told people she to Harvard.
8. He said, “Many students don’t like studying at home.”
He said that many students studying at home.
9. The article says, “Fossil fuels are limited.”
The article says that fossil fuels limited.
10. I said to him, “The Earth goes around the sun.”
I said to him that the Earth around the sun.
1. The workers said that robots (were/ are) replacing them on assembly lines.
2. They said they (might/ may) develop wireless systems on their hardware platform.
3. He said he’d been so busy (this/ that) afternoon that he’d completely forgotten to call her.
4. She said she had left all worries behind and devoted herself to the study of science some years
(before/ ago).
5. He said that Emily was wearing a brown dress she’d bought (the previous day/ yesterday).
6. My teacher said that Alexander Fleming (invents/ invented) penicillin in 1928.
7. The secretary said I could leave a note on her desk whenever she wasn’t (here/ there).
8. The reporter said that the government didn’t have the answers to (these/ those) difficult questions.
9. Julia said that she didn’t like to stay at home and watch TV (today/ that day).
10. He said that the Internet signal could (then/ now) be transmitted by satellite.
III. Change the sentences into the reported speech.
1. “We can spend part of our budget on research and development.”
They said that
2. “She wants to donate money to establish this pharmaceutical laboratory.”
The reporter said that
3. “Thomas Edison was born in 1847 and died in 1931.”
He said that
4. “Our country doesn’t have sufficiency of natural resources.”
The President said that
5. “My doctor is advising about many things other than medicine.”
Bill said that
6. “We may do another experiment to examine this formula tomorrow.”
They said that
7. “Our mission will explore the planet’s southernmost latitudes.”
The explorer said
8. “Technology will change how we think and live.”
The scientist said that
9. “My brother is now concentrating on a career as a software engineer.”
She said that
10. “Jack and Jim are going to a technology fair now.”
He said that
1. My brother said via the phone that he ___________ Sydney for a tour of the world.
A. is leaving B. would leave C. leaves D. may leave
2. James said, “Hurry up! The store ___________.”
A. closed B. will close C. is closing D. closes
3. William said that he had visit a famous laboratory ___________.
A. last three days B. three days ago C. three days before D. three days previous
4. Samuel said to his friends that ___________ to become a conservationist.
A. they wanted B. he wants C. they had wanted D. he wanted
5. He said, “No matter what ___________ next, we ___________ him in his new project.”
A. happens - will support B. will happen – support
C. happened - am going to support D. would happen - am supporting
6. The teacher said that their school ___________ new computers in the library.
A. equips B. is equipping C. has equipped D. would equip
7. He said that his computer was downloading a big file ___________.
A. at this moment B. at that moment C. at the moment D. at moment
8. Dad said to me that the sun ___________ only a small star in the universe.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
9. Jonathan said to his friend that ___________.
A. he is reading a science book now B. he is reading a science book then
C. he was reading a science book now D. he was reading a science book then
10. Susan said, “I usually take the bus to town, but ___________ I cycle for a change.”
A. today B. that day C. the day before D. the previous day
V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. The reporter said that astronauts can bring back specimens of rock from the moon.
A. that B. can bring C. of D. from
2. They said that the new telescope system will provide more detailed exploration of Mars soon.
A. the new B. will provide C. detailed D. of
3. The Carters said that they would like to postpone their holiday until next week.
A. said B. would C. to postpone D. next week
4. She said her manager that she emailed to their partner the week before and she was still waiting
for a reply.
A. said B. emailed C. the week before D. was still waiting
5. The software developer said, “I began writing this software the previous month and I am still
working on it.”
A. began B. this C. the previous month D. am still working
6. Ms. Jodie says that she really likes social media but she didn’t like TikTok.
A. that B. likes C. but D. didn’t
7. Michael said to his teacher that he was having a headache at that moment, and he needed to rest
now.
A. said to B. was having C. that moment D. now
8. “I would certainly continue living here for the foreseeable future,” said my new neighbour.
A. would B. living here C. here D. foreseeable future
9. Mrs. Jodan says that she used the school’s website to divide work and assign students tasks every
day.
A. used B. to divide C. assign D. every day
10. The author of the article says that solar panels were not comparable in price to wind generators.
A. The author of the article B. were not C. in D. to wind
D. SPEAKING
I. Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.
Just go ahead with it.
I haven't found a suitable profession for my future.
How about you?
I will try to study first.
Outdoor activities are fun.
And programmers are the ones to create and develop it.
You want to be a computer engineer, don't you?
I see that you might become an explorer or a photographer.
Matthew: What are you reading, Anthony?
Anthony: A book about computer science.
Matthew: (1) ______________________________
Anthony: Yes, I do. Actually, I want to be a software developer. I will write large programs.
Matthew: What a great profession! Computer software is used not only for all types of computers
but also in many devices that are essential to our daily life. (2) ___________________
Anthony: This work requires a lot of efforts and programming skills, but I love it and I believe my
dream will come true. (3) ______________________________
Matthew: Oh, I’m a bit different. I don’t like either sitting in a room or staying at the same place
for too long. I enjoy natural scenes and outdoor activities.
Anthony: Wow! (4) ______________________________ But who do you like to be, exactly?
Matthew: I don’t know for now. (5) ______________________________ I will need some pieces
of advice for my career when finishing high school.
Anthony: (6) ______________________________
Matthew: Photography doesn’t sound interesting. I prefer exploration.
Anthony: Great! At least you know what you like. (7) ______________________________
Matthew: Thanks. I also hope that you will become a great software developer.
Anthony: (8) ______________________________
Matthew: Me too.
___ I haven’t tried that app yet. I still prefer a printed book.
___ Until I can, I’ll stick to my low-tech books.
___ You’re right. It’s not a big problem. But I like the look of text on a printed page.
___ You mean that faded text on that yellowed page? On an e-book application, you can adjust the
text size, font, and even line spacing.
___ But if you haven’t tried it yet, how do you know you wouldn’t like it better? This free e-book
application can store over 10,000 digital books and it’s easily portable.
___ The ads aren’t a big problem. You can always skip them with a tap on the phone’s screen.
_1_ What’s that?
___ Well, I’m not sure.
___ I don’t usually read 10,000 books all at once. I hear that there are lots of ads in such
applications, which are the way the application owner is trying to make money.
___ Can I get all of the out-of-print books on my shelves in digital format?
___ It’s my new e-book application. I’m just downloading some new books onto it. I’ll read books
on my iPad. You know I like something... hi-tech!
E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Hardware and software are two terms you’ve probably heard of at some point or another. The odds
are high that you use both on a daily basis, whether it’s with your smartphone or personal computer.
Let’s take a deeper look at what these two things are and why they’re important.
Hardware is any element of a computer that is physical. This includes things like monitors, keyboards,
and also the insides of devices, like microchips and hard drives. Software is anything that tells
hardware what to do and how to do it, including computer programs and apps on your phone. Video
games, photo editors, and web browsers are just a few examples.
Hardware and software are different from each other, but they also need one another in order to
function. The hardware would be the physical phone itself, and the software would be its operating
system and apps. If we were to take away the software, we would just have a dead phone in our
hands. It wouldn’t be able to make calls, text, or go online because it’s not receiving any instructions.
On the other hand, let’s say we have no hardware, meaning there’s no actual phone. If all we have are
the programs, we just have a bunch of instructions but nothing to give these instructions to.
Hardware needs software to tell it what to do, but software also needs hardware in order to act out
its directions. When you combine the two, you can do all sorts of things, whether you’re using a
smartphone, computer, or any other type of device.
Technology will continue to evolve. We may not be sure how it will look in 100 years, but hardware
and software will be there serving as its foundation.
1. The second paragraph is mainly about ______________.
A. the difference between hardware and software
B. some of the hardware and software of a computer
C. the definition of hardware and software of a computer
D. some facts concerning computer’s hardware and software
2. The word “physical” in the second paragraph mostly refers to ______________.
A. material B. natural C. logical D. mental
3. What does the author want to imply in the third and the fourth paragraphs?
A. Hardware and its operation system
B. Hardware and software work together
C. The superior role of software to its hardware
D. The way hardware and software function
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Some of the hardware inside of a computer are microchips, hard drives, monitors, keyboards...
B. Video games, photo editors, and web browsers are not software.
C. When a smartphone is making a call, sending a message, or going online, that means it starts
receiving instructions from the user.
D. A smartphone, a computer, or a similar device must have a functioning software to operate.
5. We can learn from the passage that ______________.
A. if there were no software, there would be no hardware
B. if a hardware had no software, it could create one on its own
C. in 2100 humans will still be using technological devices which have both hardware and software
D. we will only use the technological devices that have both hardware and software in 100 years’ time
as make machines do washing that because modern
Many people think that in the future robots will (1) ______________ all the housework. They talk
about robots (2) ______________ will be able to cook and robots that will tell us when we need to go
shopping. They say there will be robots in our shoes that do the hoovering (3) ______________ we
walk around the house! People think these robots will exist in ten years, and they think they will (4)
______________ a big difference to our lives. We all will have more
free time. But think about your house today. It is already full of (5) ______________! We don’t call
them robots, but they do the housework for us. Do you do the (6) ______________ yourself, or do
you use a washing machine? Do you do the washing-up yourself, or do you have a dish-washer? (7)
______________ houses are full of machines that help US do the housework every day. We don’t
think they are special (8) ______________ they are everywhere. Can you imagine living 50 years ago?
The future will be easy, but housework today isn’t so hard!
F. WRITING
1. He/ Valentina Tereshkova/ the/ that/ into/ said/ space/ woman/ to/ was/ first/ travel
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. It/ me/ if/ the/ won’t/ email/ replaces/ completely/ regular mail/ in/ surprise/ near future
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The students/ future/ the/ means/ finish/ about/ transport/ they/ would/ survey/ said/ of
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Will/use/ for/special telecommunication lines/the/ systems?/ they/video conferencing
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The scientists/ that/ were/ a/ working on/ said/ vehicle/ which/ like/ looked/ they/ flying cars
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. My brother/ in/ university/ would/ my parents/ said to/ information technology/ study/ he / that
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. Mr. Graham/ that/ of/ new/ robot/ their/ one/ the/ for/ the/ smartest machines/ time being/ was/
said
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The teacher/ experiments/ have/ told/ following/ us/ we/ any/ that/ the/ morning/ wouldn’t
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. David said, “Robots can never replace human beings.”
 David said that
2. The man found the car’s battery and its interior design attractive.
 The man was attracted
3. On arriving in Da Nang, I made a video call home.
 When I
4. “You have to study harder if you want to be a doctor.”
 She told me that
5. My friend said that scientists would explore Mars in the near future.
 My friend said, “”
6. We can see our loved ones every moment thanks to video call.
 Video call makes it
7. We spent two hours uploading our video files to YouTube.
 It took
8. “Why don’t you swap the bookcase for the TV?” she said to me.
 She suggested that
UNIT 12.
LIFE ON OTHER
PLANETS
A. PHONETICS
I. Decide whether the sentences have falling tone (F) or rising tone (R).
1. How big are the moons of Jupiter? (___)
2. The surface of Mars has many volcanoes (___), canyons (___), and craters.
3. Is Mercury the closest planet to the Sun? (___)
4. Who developed the nebular hypothesis? (___)
5. Is there life on other planets? (___)
6. What is the largest satellite of Uranus? (___)
7. Saturn is a gas giant just like Jupiter (___), Neptune, and Uranus (___).
8. Do Kuiper belt and the scattered disc areas have dwarf planets? (___)
II. Write F if the underlined words have falling tone, and write R if they have rising tone.
1. Nearest the Sun are four fairly small, rocky planets: Mercury, Venus (___), Earth, and Mars.
2. Jupiter is made up of gas, and the other gas giants are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (___).
3. Early space probes designed to collect information about the sun were used in the 1950s, 60s, and
70s (___).
4. Seasonal meteorological phenomena may include clouds (___), dust storms, and ice caps.
5. Galileo Galilei was the first person to see Jupiter’s moons Io, Europa, Ganymede (___), and Callisto
(___).
6. The last total solar eclipse occurred on Dec. 26, 2019, and was visible from Saudi Arabia (___),
India, Sumatra, and Borneo (___).
7. The surface of Venus hosts thousands of volcanoes (___), craters (___), and mountain ranges.
8. Over time some of the leftover clumps became asteroids, comets (___), and icy objects (___).
B. VOCABULARY
crater telescope liquid creatures gravity
UFO galaxy ancient ocean rockets aliens
1. We launch things into space by putting them on _____________ with enough fuel.
2. Does _____________ water really exist beneath the ice cap at the southern pole of Mars?
3. Earth appears to be the only planet in the solar system with living _____________.
4. The _____________ observes the universe in infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye.
5. _____________ is what holds the planets in orbit around the sun and what keeps the moon in orbit
around Earth.
6. The discovery of _____________ could help scientists find out whether some form of life existed on
Mars.
7. Some people think that _____________ exist in the Solar System and throughout the universe.
8. A _____________ is any object flying in the sky which cannot be identified by the person who sees
it.
9. Our Sun is just one star among the hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way _____________.
10. The largest known impact _____________ in the Solar System is a huge unnamed scar on the
surface of Mars, 10,600 km long by 8,500 km wide.
II. Match the words with their definition.
1. Earth a. It is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth-largest planet in the Solar
System.
2. Uranus b. It is nicknamed the red planet because it is covered with rust-like dust.
3. Jupiter c. It is the fifth planet from the Sun and the biggest planet of our Solar System.
4. Neptune d. It is the sixth planet from the Sun, with the largest planetary rings in the Solar
System.
5. Mars e. It is the seventh planet from the Sun and the third-largest planet in the Solar
System.
6. Saturn f. It is the farthest planet from the Sun at an average distance of 4.5 billion
kilometres.
7. Venus g. It is the closest planet to the Sun and also the smallest planet in the Solar
System.
8. Mercury h. It is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest planet in the Solar
System.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8-
1. In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to _______ the Earth.
A. move B. orbit C. travel D. fly
2. If _______ existed and were living out there, what types of signals would they send us?
A. scientists B. astronauts C. aliens D. explorers
3. Researchers made the amazing findings of _______ of water on Mars.
A. footprints B. trips C. paths D. traces
4. We can only see _______ in the sky at night because during the day the sunlight is so bright.
A. the Earth B. stars C. aliens D. UFO
5. I think the availability of liquid water is the most important factor that makes a planet _______.
A. habitable B. unsuitable C. dead D. impossible
6. The _______ is the centre of the Solar System, making up around 99.86% of its mass.
A. Earth B. Sun C. Moon D. Mars
7. A _______ is an object in space that orbits or circles around a bigger object.
A. comet B. meteor C. planet D. satellite
8. Astronauts can’t breathe in _______ outer space, so they have to wear a spacesuit with an oxygen
tank.
A. weightless B. thoughtless C. powerless D. airless
9. Ail of the planets in our Solar System, except for _______, were named after Greek and Roman
gods.
A. Neptune B. Jupiter C. Earth D. Venus
10. If we don’t take _______ care of planet Earth, it mightn’t be able to support human life someday.
A. appropriate B. essential C. special D. voluntary
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Is the asteroid 16 Psyche a ____________ target for mining? (promise)
2. Lack of oxygen is the biggest reason why Mars would be an ____________ place for human beings.
(appropriate)
3. Only planets within the liquid-water ____________ zone can support life on their surfaces. (habitat)
4. They chose two of their most ____________ astronauts for the latest mission to the International
Space Station. (experience)
5. Scientists are searching a planet that can provide the humans with minimal ____________ and
amenities. (accommodate)
6. Huge storms always occur on Jupiter; therefore, this planet is said to be a ____________ planet.
(storm)
7. The word UFO is an abbreviation which comes from the initial letters of the words ____________
‘flying object’. (identify)
8. At the end of the film, David lost control of the spaceship and it started to spin ____________.
(control)
9. With help from advanced technology, could the moon develop and maintain a ____________
atmosphere? (breathe)
10. Within our own galaxy there are probably tens of thousands of systems. (planet)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. The teacher asked the students, “What (is astronomy/ astronomy is)?”
2. Kelvin asked his father, “Who (did name/ named) the planets?”
3. He wanted to know why (do planets revolve/ planets revolve) around the sun.
4. “What (is the sun made of/ the sun is made of)?” asked my sister.
5. Joe asked, “Where (the spiral arms are located/ are the spiral arms located)?”
6. The reporter asked us how deep (was the water/ the water was) on Mars.
7. She asked the professor why (Pluto was/ was Pluto) no longer a planet.
8. Carole asked her brother, “Who (discovered Mercury/ did Mercury discover)?”
9. Jim asked me when (the planets would be/ will the planets be) visible at the same time.
10. She asked how many planets (are there/ there were) in the Milky Way.
II. Change the sentences into reported speech.
1. “Why is there no gravity in space?”
Susan asked her teacher
2. “How far is it from the earth to the sun?”
Paul asked Helen
3. “Can black holes get smaller?”
Natalie asked Alexander
4. “Are you reading about UFO sightings?”
Johnson asked Melinda
5. “Could there be life on Mars?”
Penelope asked Nicholas
6. “Is there actually life somewhere in the Solar System outside Earth?”
Bella asked Nolan
7. “Did intelligent life exist on that planet billions years ago?”
Stella asks Alice
8. “Are we alone in the Milky Way galaxy?”
Chloe asked Grace
9. “What will you do with these alien toys?”
Adam asked his little brother
10. “Which stars do you like to point the telescope at?”
Eleanor asked me
III. Change the sentences into direct speech.
1. Lily asked Eva if there could be life somewhere in the Solar System outside Earth.
Lily asked Eva, “____________________________________________________________________”
2. Xavier asked Robert what Earth would be like in the year 2500.
Xavier asked Robert, “_______________________________________________________________”
3. Hazel asked Violet if black holes had any influence on Planet Earth.
Hazel asked Violet, “________________________________________________________________”
4. Maverick asked Sebastian why he was interested in astronomy.
Maverick asked Sebastian, “__________________________________________________________”
5. She asked me whether there were any interesting films on TV then.
She asked me, “____________________________________________________________________”
6. Lillian asked Vivian which moons in the Solar System could support life.
Lillian asked Vivian, “________________________________________________________________”
7. Leonardo asked Andrew whether they could see black holes.
Leonardo asked Andrew, “____________________________________________________________”
8. He asked me if I would take part in the discussion about space travel.
He asked me, “_____________________________________________________________________”
9. Samuel asked Dominic how many habitable planets there were in the universe.
Samuel asked Dominic, “_____________________________________________________________”
10. Scarlet asked Ruby whether it was possible for a black hole to swallow an entire galaxy.
Scarlet asked Ruby, “________________________________________________________________”
1. He _______ me, “What do you think aliens look like?”
A. told B. asked C. said D. wondered
2. Charlotte asked Caroline what her favourite films about aliens _______.
A. are B. have been C. were D. will be
3. Stephanie asked her friends where and when _______ from.
A. do meteors usually come B. meteors usually came
C. did meteors usually came D. did meteors usually come
4. She asked, “How much _______ about our Solar System?”
A. do you know B. you know C. you knew D. you will know
5. Hannah asked Alison _______ earth-like planets the Milky Way might have.
A. whether B. if C. how many D. what
6. William asked Gwen, “Will Allen be able to come _______?”
A. that day B. the day after C. the following day D. tomorrow
7. Santiago asked Gabriel, “What _______ the most distant black hole ever seen?”
A. is B. has been C. had been D. would be
8. She wanted to know where _______ on Mars.
A. did Perseverance land B. Perseverance landed
C. Perseverance lands D. Perseverance land
9. Daniel asked Nolan if he would help him learn about constellations _______.
A. tomorrow night B. the night after tomorrow
C. next night D. that night
10. He asked, “How many planets _______ in the Solar System?”
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
V. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Jason asked Nathan how could people learn about black holes if they trapped both dark matter and
light.
A. asked B. could people C. if D. trapped
2. I asked the scientist, “What will happen to the planets when the Sun became a red giant?”
A. will happened B. when C. became D. giant
3. Sarah asked Abigail if scientists could discovered more planets outside the Solar System.
A. asked B. if C. discovered D. outside
4. They wanted to know when did astronauts orbited the moon and later walked on its surface.
A. wanted B. did C. orbited D. walked
5. Scientists said that they estimated the age of the universe by using the movement of stars to
measure their expanding speed.
A. said B. estimated C. using D. their
6. The student asked, “How many sunlight does the surface reflect instead of absorbing?”
A. How many B. does C. reflect D. absorbing
7. Parker asked Antony whether would black holes swallow up the whole universe.
A. asked B. whether C. would black holes D. the
8. He asked to me, “On which planet would you see the sun rise in the west and set in the east?”
A. to B. On C. rise D. set
9. He asked if or not there might be liquid water in geological formations not far below the surface of
Mars.
A. If B. might be C. in D. not far below
10. Naomi asked Henry what kind of life might exist on planets that were far away from us.
A. asked B. might exist C. were D. from us
D. SPEAKING
1. Have you seen the film Ad Astra yet? a. Can you prove it?
2. Is it true that the Sun is a star? b. There’s no life on it.
3. I don’t like films about alien. It’s scary! c. Is it the second planet from the Sun?
4. How far is it from the Moon to Earth? d. Really? In which school will you study?
5. Venus is usually called the Morning Star and e. It’s about 384.400 km.
the Evening Star.
6. Is there life on Mars? f. Yes. I think they are humans’ secret weapons.
7. I think most of the UFOs are man-made g. No, I haven’t. What is it about?
objects.
8. I think that aliens are real, and they are living h. Yes, it is.
somewhere in the Solar System.
9. I wish that I could visit the Moon. i. Neither do I.
10. I will study astronomy in university. j. Oh, it might come true if you have a clear plan
for it.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
___ I doubt that we would be able to fly there with our current spaceships.
___ Oh, don’t you know that scientists have found some potentially habitable exoplanets outside
the solar system?
___ I’m not sure about it. Not in this century!
___ Yes, I have. Sometimes I dreamt of life outside the earth when I watched sciencefiction movies
and read articles or books about astronomy. But I think humans won’t be able to live on
another planet.
___ Why not?
_1_ Have you ever thought of living on another planet?
___ Because it’s too far from US. It would take US light-years to reach a habitable planet with the
existing technology, supposing that we find one.
___ Yes, I know. But I believe scientists will invent a super spaceship space travel in the future
which helps to reduce the time they travel in space.
___ What is the closest habitable planet to Earth then? How far is it?
___ In August 2016 astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone
of Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to our Solar System. The planet is located
approximately 4.2 light-years from Earth.
E. READING
The word alien is a popular word for an extraterrestrial life-form, or a being from another planet. No
one knows whether there is life elsewhere in the universe. But some scientists think that it is possible.
Whether life exists on other planets or not, the idea of aliens has excited people for years. Lots of
people enjoy science fiction stories about aliens - also called extraterrestrials. Some believe that
aliens actually have visited Earth. Many people have reported seeing unusual objects in the sky. Some
think that these UFOs are alien spaceships. The presence of aliens on Earth has never been proven,
however.
Most scientists believe that for another planet to have life on it, it must be similar to Earth in several
ways. It is likely to need an atmosphere and water. It also must orbit a star, like the Sun, at a good
distance. This star would provide the right amount of light and heat for life to exist.
Scientists have studied planets and moons in our Solar System to see if they can support life. Space
probes have searched for traces of bacteria or other tiny living things on Mars. Some scientists are
also looking for the possibility of life outside our Solar System. Using radio telescopes, they hope to
capture signals from intelligent aliens.
So far, no evidence of extraterrestrial life has been found. However, scientists have discovered
hundreds of planets that orbit distant stars. Some of these planets are an ideal distance from their
stars, and some are roughly the size of Earth. It may be possible that life has developed on one or
more of them.
1. ____ No one knows for sure that there is life on other planets, excluding scientists.
2. ____ There is actually no extraterrestrial life-form in the universe.
3. ____ Both “aliens” and “extraterrestrials” refer to life existing on other planets.
4. ____ Many people have seen UFOs but they couldn’t prove that the UFOs are connected to aliens.
5. ____ To support life a planet needs to have an atmosphere and water and provides an amount of
light and heat.
6. ____ Only the telescopes are able to search for traces of living things in space.
7. ____ Scientists haven’t found any traces of extraterrestrial life on the moons in the Solar System.
8. ____ Scientists still can’t find any planets which are roughly the size of Earth.
size spacecraft since temperatures orbit
gravity surface colour height longer
Named after the Roman God of war, Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in our Solar System.
Mars is also known as the ‘Red Planet’ because it’s red. This signature (1) ______________ comes
from the large amount of a chemical called iron oxide in its rocks and soil.
Mars is the second smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. With a diameter of 6,791
kilometres, it’s roughly half the (2) ______________ of Earth.
It can get pretty cold on Mars - much colder than our own planet, (3) ______________ it’s further
away from the sun. At the equator, (4) ______________ can reach 20°C, but at its poles they can drop
down to as low as -140°C.
Mars is home to the highest mountain in our Solar System - a volcano called Olympus Mons.
Standing a whopping 24 kilometres high, it’s about three times the (5) ______________ of Mount
Everest.
You could jump around three times higher on Mars than you can on Earth. This is because the planet’s
(6) ______________ - the force that keeps us on the ground - is much weaker.
Mars has two moons. One is called Phobos and the other Deimos.
A day on Mars is 24 hours and 37 minutes - only a little bit (7) ______________ than a day on our own
planet. A year on Mars, however, is almost twice as long, lasting 687 Earth days. This is because it
takes a lot longer than Earth to complete its (8) ______________ around the Sun.
Until recently, scientists believed that there was no liquid water on the (9) ______________ of Mars -
only rocks, soil dust and ice. In 2018, however, they found evidence of a lake under the planet’s south
polar ice cap.
Humans have not yet been to Mars, but scientists have sent (10) ______________ there to help them
research this fascinating planet. The first spacecraft to land on Mars was the Viking Landers, which
touched down on the surface in 1976.
F. WRITING
1. They/ water and oxygen/ whether/ Mars and its moons/ there/ on/ asked/ were
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. We/ many/ how/ solar/ know/ galaxy/ systems/ don’t/ are/ in/ there/ each
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. She/ Solar System/ could/ if/ name/ her younger brother/ all planets/ in/ the/ asked
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. The professor/ on/ Solar System’s history/ the/ a/ had/ huge/ influence/ said/ Jupiter/ that
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. A space buggy/ travelling/ the surface/ a vehicle/ the moon/ is/ used for/ of/ on
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. He/ to/ asked/ planet/ travel/ more easily/ one/ humans/ be/ from/ would/ when/ to/ able/
another
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. There/ is/ a field of/ circling/ Saturn/ appears as rings/ ice and rock debris/ that
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Scientists/ moons,/ have/ any/ doesn’t/ Venus/ they/ sure/ aren’t/ why/ say/ that/ and
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. She asked me, “Can you explain the term ‘once in a blue moon’?”
 She asked me
2. The spacecraft might not land on Mars successfully as they expected.
 The spacecraft probably
3. No other moons in the Solar System are as large as Ganymede.
 Ganymede is
4. It’s a good idea to look towards the southern sky to see the meteors.
 You should
5. He said to me that he would go to the lecture about aliens the next morning.
 He said to me, “
6. She likes reading science books more than watching science-fiction movies.
 She prefers
7. “Why didn’t you take some photos of the lunar eclipse last night?” says his sister.
 His sister asks
8. It was such a long journey that we all were asleep by the time we arrived.
 The journey
REVIEW 4
1. A. number B. study C. product D. Venus
2. A. check B. technique C. chemistry D. chemical
3. A. possible B. telephone C. doctor D. software
4. A. creatures B. aliens C. robots D. UFOs
5. A. invented B. discovered C. attended D. created
1. A. universe B. waterless C. connection D. plentiful
2. A. impossible B. unpopular C. informative D. interactive
3. A. unidentified B. uncomfortable C. capability D. multimedia
4. A. natural B. mountainous C. delicious D. musical
5. A. committee B. Japanese C. referee D. Vietnamese
1. The two companies have closely cooperated in the ______________ of a new car battery. (develop)
2. Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla were two of the greatest ______________ of the world. (invent)
3. ______________ research is claimed to be the source of the high standard of living. (Science)
4. Vincent and Paula spent the evening messaging and ______________ on the phone. (chat)
5. It’s ______________ and unthinkable for them to launch the spacecraft without manufacturing
rockets. (possible)
6. Future homes will have ______________ energy saving devices such as solar panels and solar
windows. (advance)
7. Techniques of energy ______________ have been used in developed countries for a long time,
(conserve)
8. This data package is great - I could opt to pay a flat rate for ______________ Internet access. (limit)
9. The young astronaut felt himself so ______________ attracted by the opportunity to fly into space.
(power)
10. NASA has found a Super Earth with the ______________ of water in it. (possible)
1. Shaking hands is an ancient manner of greeting each other in a ______________ meeting.
A. holography B. multimedia
C. video-conferencing D. face-to-face
2. University of British Columbia has announced the ______________ of a new planet that is
potentially habitable.
A. discovery B. invention C. exploration D. research
3. The essential elements of a telephone are a microphone to speak into and an earphone which
reproduces the ______________.
A. text B. voice C. emoji D. word
4. Most of the secretaries spend a significant portion of their day reading and ______________
emails.
A. texting B. contacting C. writing D. communicating
5. Virtual Reality (VR) is the technology that places the user in a(n) ______________ environment
through a head-mounted device.
A. real B. virtual C. instant D. private
6. ______________ recognition works by identifying and measuring facial features in an image.
A. Password B. Eye C. Fingerprint D. Face
7. He started a new job as a maintenance ______________ after completing his course.
A. technician B. technique C. technology D. technologist
8. Fire requires oxygen, but most stars are giant balls of fire floating in ______________ outer space.
A. weightless B. airless C. landless D. waterless
9. A black and white laser ______________ solely uses black ink and laser technology to print
documents.
A. printer B. scanner C. smartphone D. computer
10. A ______________ is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out.
A. rocket B. crater C. black hole D. telescope
1. The fifth planet ______ the Sun is Jupiter, which is also the largest planet in the Solar System.
2. The teacher said that we would just stay at home and learn ______ the Internet.
3. She asked him if he was reading a science-fiction book ______ life on other planets.
4. My best friend asked me what I thought would happen ______ Earth in the future.
5. Many students disagree that robots will replace teachers ______ school.
6. Brian showed his love and care to his friends ______ sending lots of flowers and presents.
7. What app can help us to see and hear each other ______ real time?
8. They decided to have a video conference ______ their colleagues in other cities.
9. This face recognition system can check if you’re a member ______ our club.
10. Students can visit the school's website ______ more information about the courses.
1. In the future humans _____________ (live) longer thanks to anti-ageing pills.
2. Who first _____________ (claim) planets go round the sun?
3. The phone _____________ (ring). - Don’t get up. I’ll answer it.
4. I told them we _____________ (implement) a science experiment then.
5. He’ll be here soon. His plane _____________ (arrive) at 9:45.
6. How big _____________ (be) the largest mountain in the Solar System?
7. We discovered this beach while we _____________ (sail) around the island.
8. Many kids said they never _____________ (do) experiments in their school.
9. She often _____________ (wait) for discount periods and makes a purchase online.
10. He said to the tailor, “_____________ (you, have) the suit ready by tomorrow evening?”
1. The smiling face with tears of joy is the most widely used _____________ in many countries.
A. emoji B. letter C. voice D. word
2. I asked the teacher, “_____________ UFO sightings as common as we?”
A. Were - think B. Are - thought C. Are - think D. Are - will think
3. Grace forgot to take her smartphone with her, so she _____________ mine to make a phone call.
A. was borrowing B. borrows C. borrowed D. has borrowed
4. If your machine develops a fault, the company _____________ an engineer within three days to fix
it.
A. will send B. would send C. could send D. sends
5. Are 3D _____________ lenses similar to 3D glasses for watching movies?
A. connect B. checking C. contact D. tracking
6. The reporter asked the officials _____________ not launch the satellite the next day due to the bad
weather.
A. whether they will B. if they might C. if they can D. whether they may
7. This option lets the operation system _____________ the latest updates automatically.
A. installing B. installs C. to install D. install
8. The science teacher _____________ the class that oil _____________ on water.
A. told - floats B. told - float C. said - floats D. tells – floated
9. Jena said to me, All the shops were closed _____________.
A. that day before B. the previous day C. that day D. yesterday
10. Stacy: “My dad promised to get me a new iPad.” - Christina: “_____________”
A. Great idea. B. Congratulations! C. I’m not sure. D. That’s brilliant!
1. She said, “My mother always wanted me to call when I reach my destination.”
A. said B. wanted C. to call D. reach
2. Ronnie said to her colleagues that they would successfully achieve its goal.
A. said to B. that C. would D. its
3. I told to him that if he ever betrayed me, he would be no brother of mine.
A. to B. ever betrayed C. would D. no brother of mine
4. She asked him where he would be the following day in case she has to call him.
A. him b. the following day C. has to D. him
5. I asked one of mine friends, “Who first believed the sun was the centre of the universe?”
A. asked B. mine C. believed D. was
6. A high school teacher said to me that he used ChatGPT evaluate a few of our projects.
A. said to me that B. used C. evaluate D. our
7. Johnson told us he might be ready to help us in the project about the universe, but he may not do
everything for us.
A. told us B. to help C. about D. may not
8. Signs are used by not only the deaf but also those who are unable to physical speak and children of
deaf adults.
A. not only B. but also C. physical D. deaf
9. Brian said to his supervisor that his computer is updating the operating system then.
A. said to B. that C. is updating D. then
10. Mr. Albert said his co-workers, “It’s possible that there maybe life elsewhere and we will find it
someday.”
A. said B. It’s C. may be D. will find it
IX. Write the question for the underlined parts.
1. No, we weren’t staying at home this time last Saturday.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. I think humans will eventually inhabit Mars next century.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m phoning my aunt in the US.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. It will cost millions of dollars to build a plant of solar panels in the desert.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. I prefer saying hello to taking a bow to greet an acquaintance.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. It takes me only some minutes to search for this kind of information on the Internet.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. I won’t be able to go to the cinema with you because I will be having a class.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. They launched their first spacecraft with the help of NASA.
__________________________________________________________________________________
X. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
I wish to have a phone that can show holograms like that.
Actually, people are using holograms in some live concerts and conferences nowadays.
It would be great if they still have it.
A 3D image of the screen will pop up whenever you need to use it.
So what do you think a future smartphone will look like?
Will it be as thin as a piece of paper?
What do you mean by having no screen?
It should be touchable!
Emily: Do you like technology devices such as smartphone and computer, Brian?
Brian: Yes, I do. I read news about them all the time.
Emily: (1) ___________________________
Brian: Well, it’s not easy to predict because technology develops every second of every day, but I
think smartphone will be much thinner and easy to be folded.
Emily: (2) ___________________________
Brian: Possibly! The phone might have a plastic screen and its appearance will look like a sheet of A5
paper, or it won’t even have physical screen at all.
Emily: (3) ___________________________ How can we view the information and interact with
others?
Brian: By using holograms of course. (4) ___________________________
Emily: Wow! But it sounds like science-fiction films.
Brian: (5) ___________________________
Emily: How terrific!
Brian: I know. (6) ___________________________
Emily: But smartphone’s screen should be more interactive and nicer. I prefer a smartphone which is
fashionable and real. (7) ___________________________
Brian: Well, these are just my predictions. The future smartphone might still keep its physical screen.
Emily: (8) ___________________________
XI. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
so falling orbits diameter atmosphere
although objects tail made comets
When learning about space it can sometimes be difficult to know the difference between all of the
amazing (1) ____________ out there. The following terms are often confused with each other, (2)
____________ let’s answer the question: what’s the difference between a comet, asteroid,
meteoroid, meteor and meteorite?
(3) ____________ there can sometimes be a blurry line between categories, the following definitions
should help you understand the difference between comets and asteroids, why Halley’s Comet is not
a meteorite and more.
Comet - A comet is a relatively small solar system body that (4) ____________ the Sun. When close
enough to the Sun they display a visible coma (a fuzzy outline or atmosphere due to solar radiation)
and sometimes a (5) ____________.
Asteroid - Asteroids are small solar system bodies that orbit the Sun. (6) ____________ of rock and
metal, they can also contain organic compounds. Asteroids are similar to comets but do not have a
visible coma (fuzzy outline and tail) like (7) ____________ do.
Meteoroid - A meteoroid is a small rock or particle of debris in our solar system. They range in size
from dust to around ten metres in (8) ____________ (larger objects are usually referred to as
asteroids).
Meteor - A meteoroid that burns up as it passes through the Earth’s (9) ____________ is known as a
meteor. If you’ve ever looked up at the sky at night and seen a streak of light or ‘shooting star’ what
you are actually seeing is a meteor.
Meteorite - A meteoroid that survives (10) ____________ through the Earth’s atmosphere and
colliding with the Earth’s surface is known as a meteorite.
XII. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
In recent years, there has been a lot of hype around coding: that it is an invaluable skill everyone
should learn or that it is a field where there is a lot of money to be made. And while there are a lot of
great reasons to learn to code, it might not be the best career choice for everyone. In order to
determine if coding is a good fit for you, you will want to consider a few things.
One thing to think about is the job market. There are a lot of jobs and freelance opportunities out
there for programmers and many of them pay well, but there are even more programmers seeking
jobs. This means that simply knowing how to code is not a sure way to land a job. Employers are
looking for the highest-quality programmers out there.
Like any skill, coding takes dedication and patience to develop. The more time you put into it, the
better you will become. Learning your first coding language might prove to be a long and difficult
process. But the good news is that once you have learned one, others become easier to grasp.
As technology continues to evolve some new jobs will be created, but some of today’s jobs will also
become obsolete. Some argue that it might be a better investment to study growing fields like
artificial intelligence and machine learning. On the other hand, learning to code is a great way to gain
an understanding of software from the bottom up, and it can serve as a jumping-off point If you want
to move into these fields in the future.
So should you learn to code? There are a lot of opinions out there, but ultimately it is up to you. If it
seems like something you really enjoy and you are willing to put in the effort, go for it! But if it is
something you are on the fence about, you might want to keep looking. There is a lot of other options
out there, and you will surely find something that is a better fit for you.
- hype (n): cường điệu
- obsolete (adj): lỗi thời
- jumping-off point: vị trí xuất phát, bàn đạp
1. Which of the following best serves the tittle of the passage?
A. Should We Learn To Code?
B. Reasons To Be A Programmer
C. Coding And Your Future
D. Coding: From School To Work
2. The word “land” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ____________.
A. search for B. apply for C. get D. lose
3. Which of the following is a negative opinion about learning to code?
A. Coding is a field where there is a lot of money to be made, so it’s advisable to learn it.
B. Learning the first coding language might be a long and difficult process.
C. The more time you put into coding, the better you will become.
D. Learning to code is a great way to gain an understanding of software from the bottom up.
4. According to the passage, it may not be easy to find a job as a programmer ____________.
A. if you are really good at coding and learn to know how to code perfectly
B. if you do not study growing fields like artificial intelligence and machine learning
C. as your desired jobs might soon become obsolete in a short time
D. because employers always look for the highest-quality candidates
5. What does the author want to express through the last paragraph?
A. You should learn to code because there are a lot of job opportunities with high salary.
B. You should think twice before choosing to learn to code as it takes much time and many other
people also learn it.
C. Before choosing to learn to code you should consider whether you really like it or not.
D. There are a lot of coding languages, so it is hard for you to study them all.
XIII. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. The teacher/ asked/ how many/ forms/ non-verbal communication/ there/ be
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. He/ wished/ become/ first man/ his country/ travel/ space,/ and/ it/ came/ true
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. The large amount/ water/ make/ earth/ appear/ blue,/ but/ there/ be/ still/ other factors
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Fred/ told/ us/ that/ he/ may/ come/ help/ us/ upcoming project,/ following week
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. She said,/ “Although/ there/ be/ language barrier,/ we/ can/ cooperate and develop together.”
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. The meeting/ mobile networks/ start/ soon/ and/ host/ hope/ everyone/ attend
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. He/ be/ not/ sure/ his future/ moment,/ but/ he/ said/ he/ will/ study/ computer science
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. How long/ it/ take/ planet Jupiter/ complete/ orbit/ around/ Sun?
___________________________________________________________________________________
XIV. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. Her new video is likely to create a new trend.
 Her new video might
2. The professor doesn’t mind explaining the origins of the universe to the audience.
 The professor is willing
3. Susan needs to learn how to write an email professionally.
 It’s necessary
4. Tim said to his mother, “Will you buy me a watch on my birthday, Mum?”
 Tim asked his mother
5. He’s not good at programming, but he chooses to become a coder.
 Although
6. It took him the whole evening to look up the night sky for meteor.
 He spent
7. They said that they kept a positive attitude to an exploration of planet Venus.
 They said,
8. They had to postpone the video conference because of the Internet disconnection.
 Due to

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Where did you spend it?

Lucas: Hi, Minh. How was your vacation? (1) ______________________________________

Do you like my photos?

II. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

IV. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable) for the underlined words.

2. They clean their houses and place a variety of _____________________

3. Tet is for _____________________ because Vietnamese people usually

4. _____________________, which represents the rich spiritual life of the

5. _____________________ can be considered as the official announcement

7. _____________________ is a traditional cultural practice of coastal fishing

8. Many Vietnamese families have a custom of erecting a

10. Lanterns are usually used as _____________________ in festivals and

III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

5. um__ella 10. tooth__ush

II. Fill in the blanks with br or pr to complete the sentences.

II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

XI. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

5. __ider 10. fe__ival

II. Fill in the blanks with sp or st to complete the sentences.

II. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.

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5. umella 10. toothush

5. ider 10. feival